Journal
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1098-7
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Funding
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P24607-B25]
- EU project EU ENPI CBC MED Project [PROCAMED.B.1.1/493]
- FWF [P29623-B25]
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Dromedaries have been essential for the prosperity of civilizations in arid environments and the dispersal of humans, goods and cultures along ancient, cross-continental trading routes. With increasing desertification their importance as livestock species is rising rapidly, but little is known about their genome-wide diversity and demographic history. As previous studies using few nuclear markers found weak phylogeographic structure, here we detected fine-scale population differentiation in dromedaries across Asia and Africa by adopting a genome-wide approach. Global patterns of effective migration rates revealed pathways of dispersal after domestication, following historic caravan routes like the Silk and Incense Roads. Our results show that a Pleistocene bottleneck and Medieval expansions during the rise of the Ottoman empire have shaped genome-wide diversity in modern dromedaries. By understanding subtle population structure we recognize the value of small, locally adapted populations and appeal for securing genomic diversity for a sustainable utilization of this key desert species. Sara Lado et al. report a fine-scale analysis of genetic diversity in dromedary species across Asia and Africa. Using a genome-wide approach, the authors are able to infer patterns of migration following domestication, which follow known historic caravan routes, and identify major population expansions and bottlenecks through history.
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