Tankyrase inhibition sensitizes melanoma to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in syngeneic mouse models

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, a substantial number of patients fail to respond to checkpoint pathway blockade. Evidence for WNT/beta -catenin signaling-mediated immune evasion is found in a subset of cancers including melanoma. Currently, there are no therapeutic strategies available for targeting WNT/beta -catenin signaling. Here we show that a specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor, G007-LK, decreases WNT/beta -catenin and YAP signaling in the syngeneic murine B16-F10 and Clone M-3 melanoma models and sensitizes the tumors to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the synergistic effect of tankyrase and checkpoint inhibitor treatment is dependent on loss of beta -catenin in the tumor cells, anti-PD-1-stimulated infiltration of T cells into the tumor and induction of an IFN gamma- and CD8(+) T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response. Our study uncovers a combinatorial therapeutical strategy using tankyrase inhibition to overcome beta -catenin-mediated resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma. Waaler et al. show that a tankyrase inhibitor, G007-LK, decreases WNT/beta -catenin and YAP signaling, sensitizing tumors to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy in mice. This study suggests that a combinatorial therapy using tankyrase inhibition can be used to overcome beta -catenin-mediated resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma.