Comparative Study of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Leaf Extracts from Four DifferentMorus albaGenotypes in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice

Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a low-grade chronic inflammation in multiple organs have been demonstrated in obesity.Morus albaleaves extracts (MAEs) have been used in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory agents. In this work, the bioactive compounds of different genotypes ofM. alba L.(Filipina,Valenciana Temprana,Kokuso, andItalia) were analyzed not only by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-TOF-MS), but also screened for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity by means of DPPH center dot radical scavenging assay andCaenorhabditis elegansmodel. These MAEs were administered daily in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice.FilipinaandItaliagenotypes significantly reduced weight gain, the glycemic levels in high fat diet, as well as, levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides.FilipinaandItaliaMAEs also reduced the expression of proinflammatory mediators such asTnf-alpha,Il-1 beta,Il-6and increased the levels of adiponectin and AMPK, which exert anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover,Italiagenotype ameliorated the intestinal barrier function. In conclusion,FilipinaandItaliamethanolic extracts show the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, due to the presence of compounds such as protocatechuic acid or quercetin-3-glucoside, and they could be developed as a complementary treatment for obesity and metabolic disorders.