SARS-CoV-2: An Update on Potential Antivirals in Light of SARS-CoV Antiviral Drug Discoveries

Genome Composition and Divergence of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Originating in China

(2020) Aiping Wu et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro

(2020) Manli Wang et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS

(2020) Yushun Wan et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease

(2020) Peter Richardson et al.   LANCET

Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding

(2020) Roujian Lu et al.   LANCET

Anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, repurposing against COVID-19

(2020) Abdo A. Elfiky   LIFE SCIENCES

A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

(2020) Peng Zhou et al.   NATURE

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

(2020) Na Zhu et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

(2020) Daniel Wrapp et al.   SCIENCE

Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody

(2020) Xiaolong Tian et al.   Emerging Microbes & Infections

Insights into the Recent 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Light of Past Human Coronavirus Outbreaks

(2020) Hossam M. Ashour et al.   Pathogens

Patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria demonstrate a prothrombotic clotting phenotype which is improved by complement inhibition with eculizumab

(2020) Fraser L. Macrae et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY

Nafamostat Mesylate Blocks Activation of SARS-CoV-2: New Treatment Option for COVID-19

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade

(2020) B. Coutard et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Structural and Functional Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Using Human ACE2

(2020) Qihui Wang et al.   CELL

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Engineered Human Tissues Using Clinical-Grade Soluble Human ACE2

(2020) Vanessa Monteil et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine

(2020) Wanbo Tai et al.   Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Key residues of the receptor binding motif in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that interact with ACE2 and neutralizing antibodies

(2020) Chunyan Yi et al.   Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019

(2020) Juanjuan Zhao et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) Paolo Verdecchia et al.   European Journal of Internal Medicine

Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial

(2020) Philippe Gautret et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Public Health Measures and the Reproduction Number of SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Thomas V. Inglesby   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma

(2020) Chenguang Shen et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York State

(2020) Eli S. Rosenberg et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

(2020) Zhaohai Zheng et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutation hot spots include a novel RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase variant

(2020) Maria Pachetti et al.   Journal of Translational Medicine

Hopes rise for coronavirus drug remdesivir

(2020) Heidi Ledford   NATURE

The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Kristian G. Andersen et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19

(2020) Bin Cao et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with Covid-19

(2020) Muthiah Vaduganathan et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2

(2020) Yan Wu et al.   SCIENCE

Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies

(2020) Jianjun Gao et al.   BioScience Trends

A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) Chunyan Wang et al.   Nature Communications

Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV

(2020) Xiuyuan Ou et al.   Nature Communications

The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control

(2020) Yosra A. Helmy et al.   Journal of Clinical Medicine

Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro

(2020) Jia Liu et al.   Cell Discovery

Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study

(2020) Qingxian Cai et al.   Engineering

Interaction of the spike protein RBD from SARS-CoV-2 with ACE2: Similarity with SARS-CoV, hot-spot analysis and effect of the receptor polymorphism

(2020) Houcemeddine Othman et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options

(2020) Susanna Felsenstein et al.   CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19

(2020) Andrea Cortegiani et al.   JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE

Complement C3 mutation causing atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome successfully treated with eculizumab

(2020) Moataz Ellithi et al.   Hematology Transfusion and Cell Therapy

Antivirals targeting the polymerase complex of influenza viruses

(2019) Edin J. Mifsud et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids

(2019) Seri Jo et al.   JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Eculizumab and Beyond: The Past, Present, and Future of Complement Therapeutics

(2019) Christopher J Patriquin et al.   TRANSFUSION MEDICINE REVIEWS

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ebola Virus Disease Therapeutics

(2019) Sabue Mulangu et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Disulfiram can inhibit MERS and SARS coronavirus papain-like proteases via different modes

(2018) Min-Han Lin et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure against neglected and emerging RNA viruses

(2018) Leen Delang et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

C5a anaphylatoxin and its role in critical illness-induced organ dysfunction

(2018) Alexander JT Wood et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Tocilizumab in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: an evidence-based review and patient selection

(2018) Martina Biggioggero et al.   Drug Design Development and Therapy

Safety and Efficacy of Pegylated Interferon Lambda, Ribavirin, and Daclatasvir in HCV and HIV-Coinfected Patients

(2017) Mark Nelson et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH

Structural and molecular basis of mismatch correction and ribavirin excision from coronavirus RNA

(2017) François Ferron et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses

(2017) Timothy P. Sheahan et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Alisporivir inhibits MERS- and SARS-coronavirus replication in cell culture, but not SARS-coronavirus infection in a mouse model

(2017) Adriaan H. de Wilde et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

Efficacy and safety of sarilumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (MONARCH): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group phase III trial

(2016) Gerd R Burmester et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Investigational hemagglutinin-targeted influenza virus inhibitors

(2016) Li-Yan Zeng et al.   EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS

Abelson Kinase Inhibitors Are Potent Inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Fusion

(2016) Christopher M. Coleman et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys

(2016) Travis K. Warren et al.   NATURE

A novel peptide with potent and broad-spectrum antiviral activities against multiple respiratory viruses

(2016) Hanjun Zhao et al.   Scientific Reports

BCX4430 – A broad-spectrum antiviral adenosine nucleoside analog under development for the treatment of Ebola virus disease

(2016) Raymond Taylor et al.   Journal of Infection and Public Health

Protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry

(2015) Yanchen Zhou et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

(2015) Kai-Wen Cheng et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Chloroquine analogues in drug discovery: new directions of uses, mechanisms of actions and toxic manifestations from malaria to multifarious diseases

(2015) M. A. A. Al-Bari   JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY

Chalcones isolated fromAngelica keiskeiinhibit cysteine proteases of SARS-CoV

(2015) Ji-Young Park et al.   JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Siltuximab (CNTO 328): a promising option for human malignancies

(2015) Bao-An Chen et al.   Drug Design Development and Therapy

Screening of an FDA-Approved Compound Library Identifies Four Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture

(2014) Adriaan H. de Wilde et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

BCX4430, a Novel Nucleoside Analog, Effectively Treats Yellow Fever in a Hamster Model

(2014) Justin G. Julander et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

Evaluation of SSYA10-001 as a Replication Inhibitor of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Mouse Hepatitis, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses

(2014) Adeyemi O. Adedeji et al.   ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY

Identification of a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Small Molecule against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Ebola, Hendra, and Nipah Viruses by Using a Novel High-Throughput Screening Assay

(2014) H. A. Elshabrawy et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Protection against filovirus diseases by a novel broad-spectrum nucleoside analogue BCX4430

(2014) Travis K. Warren et al.   NATURE

Targeting Membrane-Bound Viral RNA Synthesis Reveals Potent Inhibition of Diverse Coronaviruses Including the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus

(2014) Anna Lundin et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Proteolytic activation of the SARS-coronavirus spike protein: Cutting enzymes at the cutting edge of antiviral research

(2013) Graham Simmons et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Clinical management and infection control of SARS: Lessons learned

(2013) Vincent C.C. Cheng et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava

(2013) Ji-Young Park et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Geranylated flavonoids displaying SARS-CoV papain-like protease inhibition from the fruits of Paulownia tomentosa

(2013) Jung Keun Cho et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Novel Inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Entry That Act by Three Distinct Mechanisms

(2013) A. O. Adedeji et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Diarylheptanoids from Alnus japonica Inhibit Papain-Like Protease of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

(2012) Ji-Young Park et al.   BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

Identification of myricetin and scutellarein as novel chemical inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus helicase, nsP13

(2012) Mi-Sun Yu et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS

Biology and Clinical Management of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Development of the JAK Inhibitor Ruxolitinib

(2012) J. Mascarenhas et al.   CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Simultaneous Treatment of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells with Serine and Cysteine Protease Inhibitors Prevents Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Entry

(2012) M. Kawase et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Discovery of Seven Novel Mammalian and Avian Coronaviruses in the Genus Deltacoronavirus Supports Bat Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus and Avian Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus

(2012) P. C. Y. Woo et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Highly Conserved HR1 and HR2 Domains of the SARS-CoV Spike Protein Are More Broadly Neutralizing

(2012) Hatem A. Elshabrawy et al.   PLoS One

Emodin inhibits current through SARS-associated coronavirus 3a protein

(2011) Silvia Schwarz et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in a lethal SARS-CoV BALB/c mouse model by stinging nettle lectin, Urtica dioica agglutinin

(2011) Yohichi Kumaki et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Therapeutics

(2011) Todd H. Rider et al.   PLoS One

The SARS-Coronavirus-Host Interactome: Identification of Cyclophilins as Target for Pan-Coronavirus Inhibitors

(2011) Susanne Pfefferle et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolone compounds as SARS-coronavirus 3C-like protease inhibitors

(2010) R. Ramajayam et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitory effects of quinone-methide triterpenes from Tripterygium regelii

(2010) Young Bae Ryu et al.   BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Papain-like Novel Protease Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Protein−Ligand X-ray Structure and Biological Evaluation

(2010) Arun K. Ghosh et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Efficient Activation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein by the Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS2

(2010) S. Matsuyama et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

A Small-Molecule Oxocarbazate Inhibitor of Human Cathepsin L Blocks Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Ebola Pseudotype Virus Infection into Human Embryonic Kidney 293T cells

(2010) P. P. Shah et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY

Potent and persistent antibody responses against the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein in recovered patients

(2010) Zhiliang Cao et al.   Virology Journal

SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein antagonizes IFN-β response by targeting initial step of IFN-β induction pathway, and its C-terminal region is critical for the antagonism

(2010) Xiaolu Lu et al.   VIRUS GENES

Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis

(2010) Patrick C. Y. Woo et al.   Viruses-Basel

Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Series of Novel and Reversible Inhibitors for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome−Coronavirus Papain-Like Protease

(2009) Arun K. Ghosh et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Broad-Spectrum In Vitro Activity and In Vivo Efficacy of the Antiviral Protein Griffithsin against Emerging Viruses of the Family Coronaviridae

(2009) B. R. O'Keefe et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Human monoclonal antibodies to SARS-coronavirus inhibit infection by different mechanisms

(2009) Melissa M. Coughlin et al.   VIROLOGY

Amiodarone Alters Late Endosomes and Inhibits SARS Coronavirus Infection at a Post-Endosomal Level

(2008) Konrad Stadler et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The M, E, and N Structural Proteins of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Are Required for Efficient Assembly, Trafficking, and Release of Virus-Like Particles

(2008) Y. L. Siu et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Cathepsin L Functionally Cleaves the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Class I Fusion Protein Upstream of Rather than Adjacent to the Fusion Peptide

(2008) B. J. Bosch et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

A noncovalent class of papain-like protease/deubiquitinase inhibitors blocks SARS virus replication

(2008) K. Ratia et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

SARS-Coronavirus Replication Is Supported by a Reticulovesicular Network of Modified Endoplasmic Reticulum

(2008) Kèvin Knoops et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY