Journal
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
Volume 9, Issue 24, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000782
Keywords
biomimetic designs; channel networks; muscle tissue engineering; scaffolds; vascularization
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFA0703004]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31771108]
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Despite progress in engineering both vascularized tissues and oriented tissues, the fabrication of 3D vascularized oriented tissues remains a challenge due to an inability to successfully integrate vascular and anisotropic structures that can support mass transfer and guide cell alignment, respectively. More importantly, there is a lack of an effective approach to guiding the scaffold design bearing both structural features. Here, an approach is presented to optimize the bifurcated channels within an anisotropic scaffold based on oxygen transport simulation and biological experiments. The oxygen transport simulation is performed using the experimentally measured effective oxygen diffusion coefficient and hydraulic permeability of the anisotropic scaffolds, which are also seeded with muscle precursor cells and cultured in a custom-made perfusion bioreactor. Symmetric bifurcation model is used as fractal unit to design the channel network based on biomimetic principles. The bifurcation level of channel network is further optimized based on the oxygen transport simulation, which is then validated by DNA quantification assay and pimonidazole immunostaining. This study provides a practical guide to optimizing bifurcated channels in anisotropic scaffolds for oriented tissue engineering.
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