Article
Fisheries
Xiaojuan Chen, Panpan Zhang, Pengshuo Li, Guotao Wang, Jianlong Li, Ying Wu, Zhenjie Cao, Yongcan Zhou, Yun Sun
Summary: CpG ODN 1668 significantly enhances the antibacterial immune response of humpback grouper by activating CaTLR9. This study provides important insights into the antibacterial immunity of fish TLR signaling pathways and the search for natural antibacterial molecules.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wenting Lu, Cuiyun Cui, Yangyang Wang, Xiaomeng Sun, Shengnan Wang, Ming Yang, Yongli Yu, Liying Wang
Summary: The study reveals that CpG ODN adjuvant can induce the mobilization and relocation of sTLR9 in B cells, thereby activating B cells by relieving the negative regulatory effect of sTLR9 and enhancing the antibody response.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Zifu Zhong, Yong Chen, Kim Deswarte, Heleen Lauwers, Emily De Lombaerde, Xiaole Cui, Simon Van Herck, Tingting Ye, Mark Gontsarik, Stefan Lienenklaus, Niek N. Sanders, Bart N. Lambrecht, Stefaan De Koker, Bruno G. De Geest
Summary: Synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides can activate innate immune cells, and when combined with ionizable cationic lipid lipid nanoparticles, can trigger strong immune activation in lymph nodes, showing potential in vaccine design and cancer immunotherapy.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fatma El Zahraa Mohamed, Rajiv Jalan, Shane Minogue, Fausto Andreola, Abeba Habtesion, Andrew Hall, Alison Winstanley, Steven Olde Damink, Massimo Malago, Nathan Davies, Tu Vinh Luong, Amar Dhillon, Rajeshwar Mookerjee, Dipok Dhar, Rajai Munir Al-Jehani
Summary: The study found that TLR4 is mostly absent in human ICCs, while TLR7 and TLR9 are expressed in a majority of cases. Experimental results suggest that TLR7 and TLR9 may have potential as actionable targets in the treatment of ICC.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xinliang Kang, Yibo Li, Yiwen Zhao, Xinyuan Chen
Summary: The study demonstrates that CpG 1018 adjuvant significantly enhances influenza vaccine efficacy in aged mice and helps induce antibody responses against influenza virus. This provides important insights for boosting immune responses and improving influenza vaccine effectiveness in the elderly population.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Youjian Li, Kepeng Ou, Yuwei Wang, Liying Luo, Zhongzhu Chen, Jiahui Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that CpG-ODN suppresses endothelial cell motility by restricting cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase. This effect is achieved through interaction with the ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Correction
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Luciano S. Fusco, Maria M. Pascual, David Hernandez, Maria F. Sanchez Vallecillo, Maria B. Arrieta, Gabriel Moron, Santiago Palma, Belkys A. Maletto, Laura C. Leiva
Summary: Antivenom is the only safe and effective treatment for snake venom. Researchers are looking for alternative immunological adjuvants due to the potentially severe inflammatory effects of Freund's Adjuvant. A study found that the CpG-ODN formulation in a 6-O-ascorbyl palmitate nanostructure was a more efficient adjuvant, resulting in high antibody titers and immune responses compared to CpG-ODN alone.
Article
Allergy
Cathy Leonard, Guillem Montamat, Caroline Davril, Olivia Domingues, Oliver Hunewald, Dominique Revets, Coralie Guerin, Simon Blank, Justine Heckendorn, Gauthier Jardon, Francois Hentges, Markus Ollert
Summary: This study aims to boost immune tolerance to the major cat allergen Fel d 1 by increasing the anti-inflammatory activity of AIT with the established immunomodulatory adjuvant CpG at a higher dose, and shows that this approach reverts all major hallmarks of cat allergy, with the engagement of pDC-Treg and B-cell axes and the emergence of a biTreg population. The results suggest the potential of CpG adjuvant in inducing allergen-specific tolerance in patients with cat allergy or other allergic diseases.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seong-Kyu Kim, Jung-Yoon Choe, Ki-Yeun Park
Summary: IL-37 inhibits CpG-ODN-mediated inflammatory responses in human macrophages by regulating a TRAF6-NF-kappa B pathway.
YONSEI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Yizhen Jin, Yuxin Zhuang, Xiaowu Dong, Mei Liu
Summary: TLR9 agonists can stimulate strong immune responses and have potential in cancer immunotherapy, but their efficacy as a single agent is limited. Combination therapies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or vaccine adjuvants are being explored to enhance their effects. However, the potential toxic effects and the dual role of TLR9 activation in tumors require further investigation.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTICANCER THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sachiko Hirobe, Takuto Kawakita, Taki Yamasaki, Sayami Ito, Masashi Tachibana, Naoki Okada
Summary: This study investigated the transcutaneous adjuvant activity of CpG oligonucleotide (K3) in mice and found that K3 can promote B cell activation and maturation during transcutaneous immunization (TCI), resulting in a rapid increase in antigen-specific antibody titers and memory differentiation of T and B cells. Specifically, the combination of OVA and K3 doubled the number of cells in draining lymph nodes (dLN), with a significant increase in B cells, indicating the potential of K3 as a transcutaneous adjuvant for enhancing immune responses.
Review
Immunology
Guillem Montamat, Cathy Leonard, Aurelie Poli, Ludger Klimek, Markus Ollert
Summary: The prevalence and incidence of IgE-mediated allergic diseases have increased in developed and developing countries in recent years. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only curative treatment available for allergic diseases, but it still faces unmet needs and challenges. The use of adjuvants and immune modulators to boost the effects and safety of AIT is a common strategy, with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) showing potential as an immune modulator for the treatment of allergic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Liang Cheng, Guangming Li, Caroline Marnata Pellegry, Fumihiko Yasui, Feng Li, Sandra M. Zurawski, Gerard Zurawski, Yves Levy, Jenny P. -Y. Ting, Lishan Su
Summary: TLR9 and CD40-targeting vaccination can induce human B cell maturation and immunoglobulin class-switch in humanized mice in a pDC-dependent manner, leading to the production of IgG antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Guohui Bai, Hang Yu, Xiaoyan Guan, Fengjiao Zeng, Xia Liu, Bin Chen, Jianguo Liu, Yuan Tian
Summary: In this study, the immune effect of pVAX1-HA2-fimA plus CpG-ODN 1826 as an adjuvant in SD rat periodontitis models was evaluated. The results demonstrated that CpG-ODN 1826 (30 μg) can serve as an effective and safe mucosal adjuvant for pVAX1-HA2-fimA in SD rats, reducing bone loss and inhibiting inflammation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jen-Chih Tseng, Jing-Xing Yang, Chia-Yin Lee, Chen-Fu Lo, Yi-Ling Liu, Mingzi M. Zhang, Li-Rung Huang, Ko-Jiunn Liu, Chien-Chia Wang, Chi-Ying F. Huang, Yi-Ren Hong, Lun K. Tsou, Tsung-Hsien Chuang
Summary: In this study, the efficacy and mechanism of a combination therapy involving TLR9 activator and phosphatidylserine-targeting prodrug of SN38 were investigated in a head and neck cancer animal model. The results demonstrated a synergistic antitumor effect of the combination therapy, with the TLR9 activator inducing immune responses and the prodrug exerting direct cytotoxicity. Additionally, the activation of TLR9 was found to increase phosphatidylserine exposure on cancer cells, attracting more prodrug to the tumor site for enhanced cancer cell killing. These findings suggest a novel strategy for combinational cancer treatments using the PS-inducing function of TLR9 agonists.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Francesco Nicoli, Mariela P. Cabral-Piccin, Laura Papagno, Eleonora Gallerani, Mathieu Fusaro, Victor Folcher, Marion Dubois, Emmanuel Clave, Helene Vallet, Justin J. Frere, Emma Gostick, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, David A. Price, Antoine Toubert, Loic Dupre, Jacques Boddaert, Antonella Caputo, Riccardo Gavioli, Victor Appay
Summary: The functional deficits in naive T cells in elderly individuals are associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism and enhanced basal activation. Reversing these anomalies by altering lipid metabolism can restore antigen responsiveness and potentially enhance vaccine-induced immunity in the elderly.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Gao, Curtis Cai, Alba Grifoni, Thomas R. Muller, Julia Niessl, Anna Olofsson, Marion Humbert, Lotta Hansson, Anders Osterborg, Peter Bergman, Puran Chen, Annika Olsson, Johan K. Sandberg, Daniela Weiskopf, David A. Price, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Annika C. Karlsson, Alessandro Sette, Soo Aleman, Marcus Buggert
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by prior infection or BNT162b2 vaccination provide extensive immune coverage against the Omicron variant. Additionally, T cells induced by BNT162b2 vaccination exhibit higher cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant compared to T cells induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed S. Fahad, Cheng-Yu Chung, Sheila N. Lopez Acevedo, Nicoleen Boyle, Bharat Madan, Matias F. Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo Matus-Nicodemos, Amy D. Laflin, Rukmini R. Ladi, John Zhou, Jacy Wolfe, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, Richard A. Koup, Daniel C. Douek, Henry H. Balfour, David A. Price, Brandon J. DeKosky
Summary: This study developed a new high-throughput approach for functional evaluation of TCRs. By leveraging physically linked TCR libraries, it enabled repertoire-scale analysis of TCR binding to multiple pMHCs. Affinity-based functional mapping in conjunction with next-generation sequencing was used to track antigen-specific TCRs.
PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John Miles, Thomas Watkins, Sam Darko, Kuatrinnus Wijaya, Martha Cooper, Amy Ransier, Ashley Waardenberg, Fiona Amante, James Mccarthy, David Price, Scott Burrows
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Janine Kemming, Swantje Gundlach, Marcus Panning, Daniela Huzly, Jiabin Huang, Marc Luetgehetmann, Sven Pischke, Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch, Florian Emmerich, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, David A. Price, Yakup Tanriver, Klaus Warnatz, Tobias Boettler, Robert Thimme, Maike Hofmann, Nicole Fischer, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
Summary: Chronic HEV infection is associated with exhaustion of HEV-specific CD8+ T cells, indicating that T-cell failure is driven by persistent antigen recognition in severely immunosuppressed hosts. Functional reinvigoration of virus-specific T cells is at least partially possible when the antigen is cleared. Viral escape in a minority of patients also contributes to the failure of HEV-specific CD8+ T cells.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Phillip Pymm, Stefan Tenzer, Edmund Wee, Mirjana Weimershaus, Anne Burgevin, Simon Kollnberger, Jan Gerstoft, Tracy M. Josephs, Kristin Ladell, James E. McLaren, Victor Appay, David A. Price, Lars Fugger, John I. Bell, Hansjoerg Schild, Peter van Endert, Maria Harkiolaki, Astrid K. N. Iversen
Summary: This study discovers that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell responses to a specific epitope in the human immunodeficiency virus are associated with enhanced immune control. The length and mutations of the epitope influence the CTL and NK cell responses, leading to viral escape.
Letter
Biochemical Research Methods
Mikhail Goncharov, Dmitry Bagaev, Dmitrii Shcherbinin, Ivan Zvyagin, Dmitry Bolotin, Paul G. Thomas, Anastasia A. Minervina, Mikhail V. Pogorelyy, Kristin Ladell, James E. McLaren, David A. Price, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Louise C. Rowntree, E. Bridie Clemens, Katherine Kedzierska, Garry Dolton, Cristina Rafael Rius, Andrew Sewell, Jerome Samir, Fabio Luciani, Ksenia V. Zornikova, Alexandra A. Khmelevskaya, Saveliy A. Sheetikov, Grigory A. Efimov, Dmitry Chudakov, Mikhail Shugay
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Riccardo Barbari, Chiara Tupini, Elisa Durini, Eleonora Gallerani, Francesco Nicoli, Ilaria Lampronti, Anna Baldisserotto, Stefano Manfredini
Summary: A current research trend in the health field is to discover multifunctional compounds that can interact with multiple biological targets, simplifying multidrug therapies and improving patient compliance. This study synthesized new chemicals with a benzothiazole structure and tested them for antioxidant, UV-filtering, and antitumor activities. Compound BZTcin4 showed excellent activity and selectivity towards Colo-38, with good antioxidant capacity and broad-spectrum photoprotective profile.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Manuela Dominique Wennekes, Renske Eilers, Antonella Caputo, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Riccardo Gavioli, Francesco Nicoli, Zoltan Voko, Aura Timen
Summary: The increasing life expectancy has led to more cases of infectious diseases in older adults. Vaccines are available for various infections, but their acceptance is crucial for effectiveness. This study aimed to analyze the perceptions and decision-making behavior of older adults in different countries regarding vaccinations and their information needs.
Article
Immunology
Davide Proietto, Beatrice Dallan, Eleonora Gallerani, Valentina Albanese, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, David A. Price, Victor Appay, Salvatore Pacifico, Antonella Caputo, Francesco Nicoli, Riccardo Gavioli
Summary: Age-related changes in the immune system affect the ability of elderly individuals to generate effective CD8(+) T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2. Elderly individuals show a deficit in priming naive precursors into effector CD8(+) T cells, resulting in reduced diversity and expression frequency of IFN-gamma in CD8(+) T cell responses. These findings have implications for developing strategies to protect the elderly against COVID-19.
Article
Biology
Freya R. R. Shepherd, Kate Davies, Kelly L. L. Miners, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, Simon Kollnberger, James E. E. Redman, Melissa M. M. Grant, Kristin Ladell, David A. A. Price, James E. E. McLaren
Summary: Severe bacterial or viral infections can lead to an overactive immune response known as a cytokine storm. Superantigens are potent toxins that activate T cells non-specifically, leading to T cell dysfunction and immune evasion. This study found that TRBV12-3/12-4(+) T cells are highly responsive to streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SpeC) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1).
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Lisa Ciacchi, Martijn D. B. van de Garde, Kristin Ladell, Carine Farenc, Martien C. M. Poelen, Kelly L. Miners, Carmen Llerena, Hugh H. Reid, Jan Petersen, David A. Price, Jamie Rossjohn, Cecile A. C. M. van Els
Summary: A new research found that the immune responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae are mediated by CD4+ T cells. The study identified an immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitope from pneumolysin, which can be presented by different HLA allotypes and recognized by diverse TCRs. The immunogenicity of this epitope is determined by core residues in a conserved undecapeptide region, enabling cross-recognition of heterologous bacterial pathogens. These findings provide insights into the immune response against bacterial infections and can inform strategies to combat life-threatening infectious diseases.
Review
Immunology
Marcus Buggert, David A. Price, Laura K. Mackay, Michael R. Betts
Summary: Our current understanding of human memory CD8(+) T cells mainly comes from studies of the intravascular space, but new data challenges some established ideas and suggests the need for conceptual revision. This review provides a brief history of the field and summarizes the biology of circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells, which play a crucial role in immune surveillance. The authors also discuss how future human studies can improve our understanding of CD8(+) T cells and inform the development of better immunotherapies and vaccines.
Correction
Immunology
Marcus Buggert, David A. Price, Laura K. Mackay, Michael R. Betts