Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Terry Gordon, Emma Karey, Meghan E. Rebuli, Yael-Natalie H. Escobar, Ilona Jaspers, Lung Chi Chen
Summary: This review discusses the experimental and clinical evidence of the toxicity and deleterious health effects of e-cigarettes. The adverse health effects related to e-cigarette aerosols are influenced by factors such as e-liquid components, physical device factors, chemical changes, and user health conditions. Despite regulations governing e-cigarette flavors, manufacturing, distribution, and availability, the evolving e-cigarette landscape hinders progress in toxicological studies and the understanding of the long-term health consequences of e-cigarettes.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Shuo Yang, Tomoyuki Kawai, Sebastiaan Wesseling, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
Summary: The study evaluated the potential consequences of combined exposure to safrole and estragole or their proximate carcinogenic metabolites in vitro and in silico. Results showed that concentration addition adequately described the cytotoxic effects and there were no significant differences in the level of formation of DNA adducts. Furthermore, physiologically based kinetic modeling indicated that the concentration of the parent compounds and their metabolites remained below the Km values for bioactivation and detoxification reactions at normal dietary intake levels, suggesting that combined exposure to these carcinogenic compounds may not affect DNA adduct formation.
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Shatha K. Alhadyan, Vijay Sivaraman, Rob U. Onyenwoke
Summary: The translation reveals that the chemosensory experiences evoked by flavors involve olfactory, gustatory, and chemesthetic stimuli. Electronic cigarette liquids typically contain high concentrations of nicotine and various flavorings or flavor chemicals, and there is a wide variety of flavored products available. However, knowledge about the flavors and their sensory effects in these products is limited.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Erna J. Z. Krusemann, Loes van Tiel, Jeroen L. A. Pennings, Wim Vaessen, Kees de Graaf, Reinskje Talhout, Sanne Boesveldt
Summary: Switching to electronic cigarettes may reduce health risk for smokers, but concerns exist about the appeal of flavored e-liquids to nonsmokers and youth. Sweet and minty flavors are liked equally by young nonsmokers and adult smokers, with tobacco flavors being least preferred. Banning all flavors except tobacco may decrease e-cigarette appeal, particularly among young nonsmokers.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Eva C. Rest, Kristin N. Brikmanis, Robin J. Mermelstein
Summary: The study found that dual users who preferred sweet-flavored ENDS differed from users of other flavors in demographics, tobacco history, motives, expectancies, and smoking changes.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Alayna P. Tackett, Hongying Daisy Dai, Dae-Hee Han, Erin A. Vogel, Saida I. Coreas, Nikki Jafarzadeh, Maria J. Gonzalez Anaya, Devaki Patel, Natalia Peraza, Tyler B. Mason, Adam M. Leventhal
Summary: Research on the appeal of flavored e-cigarette solutions shows that adults who have never smoked, former smokers, and current smokers who vape are more attracted to non-tobacco flavors. However, adults who currently smoke but have never tried e-cigarettes do not find tobacco flavors particularly appealing.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Rebecca C. Richmond, Carlos Sillero-Rejon, Jasmine N. Khouja, Claire Prince, Alexander Board, Gemma Sharp, Matthew Suderman, Caroline L. Relton, Marcus Munafo, Suzanne H. Gage
Summary: The DNA methylation profiles of e-cigarette use differ significantly from those of cigarette smoking and are not able to distinguish lung cancer tissue from normal tissue. Further research is needed to investigate the chronic effects of methylation related to long-term e-cigarette use.
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael Kotlyar, Ryan Shanley, Sheena R. Dufresne, Gretchen A. Corcoran, Dorothy K. Hatsukami
Summary: This pilot study examined the impact of restricting menthol cigarettes on current menthol smokers. It found that abstaining from menthol cigarettes led to lower smoking rates and levels of exhaled CO. Participants who abstained also reported higher motivation to quit and perceived effectiveness of quitting skills. The flavor of e-cigarettes provided did not significantly affect smoking behavior or CO levels. These findings suggest that banning menthol flavor in combustible cigarettes could enhance the harm reduction potential of e-cigarettes.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Kai Nieschalke, Nick Bergau, Soenke Jessel, Albrecht Seidel, Susanne Baldermann, Monika Schreiner, Klaus Abraham, Alfonso Lampen, Bernhard H. Monien, Burkhard Kleuser, Hansruedi Glatt, Fabian Schumacher
Summary: The N-acetyl-L-cysteine conjugate of methyleugenol (ME) has been detected and quantified in human urine samples for the first time. After consuming a meal containing ME, the excretion of N-acetyl-S-[3'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl]-L-cysteine (E-3’-MEMA) reached its maximum within 2 to 6 hours and was completed within approximately 12 hours. The excreted amounts were only between 1 and 85 ppm of the ME intake, suggesting a low formation of the ultimate genotoxicant.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Shivani Mathur Gaiha, Lauren Kass Lempert, Karma McKelvey, Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
Summary: The study found that during the period of flavor restrictions and youth access laws, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents and young adults were more likely to use disposable e-cigarettes and those with mint/menthol, fruit, and sweet/dessert/candy flavors. Additionally, some participants also used flavor enhancers.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Bhawani Shankar, Tejveer Singh, Banty Kumar, Aditi Arora, Sumit Kumar, Brajendra K. Singh
Summary: Globally, HPV infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer, oral cancer, and head and neck cancer. A new study has developed a potential anti-cancer drug that effectively inhibits the oncogenic protein of HPV16, showing promise for the treatment of related cancers.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael Siegel, Amanda Katchmar
Summary: The US federal government and many state and local governments have passed regulations to restrict the sales of electronic cigarettes, aiming to prevent youth smoking. However, this paper proposes a evidence-based model that suggests e-cigarettes have replaced the culture of youth smoking. Therefore, a re-evaluation of current policies is needed to ensure that the decrease in e-cigarette use does not lead to an increase in smoking rates.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Jiehong Guo, Stephen S. Hecht
Summary: The use of e-cigarettes has been associated with DNA damage in oral cells, potentially linking it to oral cancer. However, the evidence is limited and further research with larger sample sizes is needed to understand the long-term consequences of e-cigarette use.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Qi Liu, Dehan Luo, Tengteng Wen, Hamid GholamHosseini, Jingshan Li
Summary: This study developed a predictive model for estimating the FRGs of monomer flavors using machine learning algorithms, with a focus on the significant impact of functional groups such as SH (thiols), ArOR (ethers), and ArCOOR (esters) on FRGs. The applicability domains (AD) were defined and external data was used to validate the model reliability, providing a reliable research result for the perfumer industry.
CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Melissa B. Harrell, Dale S. Mantey, Baojiang Chen, Steven H. Kelder, Jessica Barrington-Trimis
Summary: This study examined and compared trends in past 30-day cigarette smoking among US adolescents from 2002 to 2019, before and after the onset of the e-cigarette era in 2014. The findings suggest that the rate of decline in cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescents slowed down after the introduction of e-cigarettes in 2014, indicating a possible gateway effect between smoking and e-cigarette use at a population level.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Juei-Chuan C. Kang-Sickel, Vandy P. Stober, John E. French, Leena A. Nylander-French
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Juei-Chuan C. Kang-Sickel, Mary Ann Butler, Lynn Frame, Berrin Serdar, Yi-Chun E. Chao, Peter Egeghy, Stephen M. Rappaport, Christine A. Toennis, Wang Li, Tatyana Borisova, John E. French, Leena A. Nylander-French
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Juei-Chuan C. Kang-Sickel, Donii D. Fox, Tae-gyu Nam, Karupiah Jayaraj, Louise M. Ball, John E. French, David G. Klapper, Avram Gold, Leena A. Nylander-French
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2008)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rong Jiang, John E. French, Vandy P. Stober, Juei-Chuan C. Kang-Sickel, Fei Zou, Leena A. Nylander-French
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2012)
Article
Toxicology
Pei-Hsuan Hung, Matthew Savidge, Mamata De, Jueichuan (Connie) Kang, Sheila M. Healy, Luis G. Valerio
JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Developmental Biology
J. C. Kang-Sickel, L. S. Adams, K. Z. Guyton, S. L. Makris
BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY
(2012)
Meeting Abstract
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
J. Connie Kang-Sickel, Avram Gold, Louise M. Ball, Jayaraj Karupiah, Leena A. Nylander-French, Vandy Parron, David G. Klapper, John E. French
DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS
(2006)