Article
Infectious Diseases
Joash Jun Keat Chu, Wee Han Poh, Nabilah Taqiah Binte Hasnuddin, En Yi Hew, Linh Chi Dam, Abbas El Sahili, Scott A. Rice, Boon Chong Goh
Summary: As antimicrobial resistance becomes a growing health threat, the need for novel therapeutic agents is urgent. This study identifies a lysin called Abp013 that exhibits significant lytic activity against drug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Abp013 is able to tolerate the presence of human serum and effectively kill bacterial cells within biofilms. These findings suggest that Abp013 holds promising potential as a novel therapeutic agent.
Article
Immunology
Michael J. McConnell, Antonio J. Martin-Galiano
Summary: This study utilized proteomic and computational data to identify a larger number of potentially immunogenic proteins in the Acinetobacter baumannii panproteome. The study found that certain antigens showed potential cross-reactivity with human proteins and were associated with different infection types. The integration of multi-omic data and knowledge of drug-resistant bacteria can aid in the development of effective multi-antigen vaccines against challenging infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Ioannis Kyriakidis, Eleni Vasileiou, Zoi Dorothea Pana, Athanasios Tragiannidis
Summary: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative ESKAPE microorganism that poses a threat to public health due to severe and invasive infections, often nosocomial, with high mortality rates. The pathogen has displayed multidrug resistance, mainly due to extensive antibiotic use and poor stewardship. Next-generation sequencing has improved diagnosis of A. baumannii infections, leading to personalized therapeutic regimens based on resistance gene identification, while the genetic background of resistance mechanisms and virulence factors are being extensively studied.
Article
Biophysics
Weiwei Chen, Ming Li, Zikang Chen, Zejun Yan, Jianhua Li, Longhua Guo, Caiping Ding, Youju Huang
Summary: A colorimetric sensor using double-enzyme-induced colorimetry was developed in this study for detecting multiple bacteria. The method identifies bacteria based on the decomposition of L-ascorbic acid 2-magnesium phosphate salt hydrate and the oxidation of TMB by MnO2 NFs. By analyzing the color changes and plasmon resonance wavelength signals produced, bacteria with varying ALP levels can be accurately identified. The method achieved 99.57% accuracy in identifying multiple bacteria and can be used in diverse environments for the rapid and simple identification of foodborne illnesses.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jacinda C. Abdul-Mutakabbir, Logan Nguyen, Philip T. Maassen, Kyle C. Stamper, Razieh Kebriaei, Keith S. Kaye, Mariana Castanheira, Michael J. Rybak
Summary: Cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin, shows potent activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, with lower MIC values compared to other Gram-negative agents. Studies indicate synergistic effects when combined with other antibiotics, and beta-lactamase inhibitors increase susceptibility to CFDC in MDR A. baumannii isolates.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda, Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska, Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke, Anna Budzynska, Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska, Krzysztof Skowron
Summary: Antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance have been confirmed in major foodborne pathogens, including Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. Concerningly, new antibiotic-resistant food pathogens unrelated to food contamination or considered epidemiologically insignificant have also been reported. Thorough monitoring of strains isolated from food is necessary to understand the existing mechanisms of resistance.
Article
Pediatrics
Capan Konca, Mehmet Tekin, Mehmet Geyik
Summary: The study investigated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in pediatric intensive care unit patients. Results showed that many previously effective drugs have lost their effectiveness against MDRAB, with colistin remaining as the only effective drug. New drugs and treatment protocols are urgently needed to combat MDRAB.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Yi Huang, Md Roushan Ali, Wei Li, Wanying Wang, Yuanyuan Dai, Huaiwei Lu, Zhien He, Yujie Li, Baolin Sun
Summary: This study focused on Acinetobacter baumannii, a major health threat, and specifically investigated the ST369 strain prevalent in China. The researchers identified potential mutations that could impact bacterial virulence and resistance, providing a foundation for further research on clinical isolates harboring similar mutations.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bei Ran, Yuyu Yuan, Wenxi Xia, Mingle Li, Qichao Yao, Zuokai Wang, Lili Wang, Xiaoyu Li, Yongping Xu, Xiaojun Peng
Summary: This study introduces a unique cationic photosensitizer (NB) and bacteriophage (ABP)-based photodynamic antimicrobial agent (APNB) for precise bacterial eradication and biofilm ablation. The APNB demonstrates excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS)-production ability and specific binding to pathogenic microorganisms provided by bacteriophages. It shows potential for fighting against multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm ablation in practice.
Review
Microbiology
Arianna Pompilio, Daniela Scribano, Meysam Sarshar, Giovanni Di Bonaventura, Anna Teresa Palamara, Cecilia Ambrosi
Summary: Bacterial biofilms pose a serious global public health problem, especially with the rise of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant opportunistic pathogen in healthcare settings, forming biofilms that serve as a main source of patient infections. The limited therapeutic options available for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii biofilm-forming isolates highlight the urgent need for effective antibiofilm approaches.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wuzhen Qi, Lingyan Zheng, Yu Hou, Hong Duan, Lei Wang, Siyuan Wang, Yuanjie Liu, Yanbin Li, Ming Liao, Jianhan Lin
Summary: A microfluidic biosensor using finger-actuated micropump, micromixer, gold@platinum nanocatalysts, and smartphone App was developed for rapid detection of Salmonella. The biosensor was able to quantitatively detect Salmonella within 1 hour with a low detection limit.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
E. H. T. Thulshan Jayathilaka, Dinusha C. Rajapaksha, Chamilani Nikapitiya, Joeun Lee, Mahanama De Zoysa, Ilson Whang
Summary: Octoprohibitin, a synthetic antimicrobial peptide derived from the prohibitin-2 gene of Octopus minor, showed significant activity against multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, inhibiting both bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
Article
Microbiology
Zhemin Zhang, Christopher E. Morgan, Robert A. Bonomo, Edward W. Yu
Summary: Acinetobacter baumannii, a highly antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogen, is a significant global health threat. The presence of multidrug efflux pumps within the bacterium is a major cause of failure of drug-based treatments.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alyona Lavrinenko, Eugene Sheck, Svetlana Kolesnichenko, Ilya Azizov, Anar Turmukhambetova
Summary: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of A. baumannii antibiotic-resistant strains in Kazakhstan and identified high-risk clones associated with carbapenem resistance. The majority of resistant strains belonged to the CG208(92)(OXF)/CG2(PAS) clonal group, indicating a significant spread of carbapenem resistance in the region.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cui Zhang, Yueqi Wang, Zhaoli Liu, Mengfan Bai, Jianlong Wang, Yanru Wang
Summary: In this study, a colorimetric and photothermal dual-mode immunochromatographic test strip (KNb-DITS) based on K0.27MnO2 center dot 0.54H(2)O (KMO) @Au and nanobody (Nb) was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in food. The detection sensitivity and specificity were improved by decorating Au nanoparticles on the surface of KMO and coupling small Nb9 to the KMO@Au probes. The proposed method showed high accuracy in detecting S. Typhimurium and can be applied in real sample analysis.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rajamanickam Sivakumar, Vu Phong Dinh, Nae Yoon Lee
Summary: We developed a colorimetric strategy based on copper sulfate (CuSO4)-initiated diphenylamine (DPA) coupled with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Enterococcus faecium. Acid hydrolysis of LAMP amplicons was used to detect the DNA and generate a blue color. The method successfully detected low quantities of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and E. faecium, indicating its advantages. Multiplex detection of pathogens was performed using a foldable microdevice, confirming the practical applicability of the method.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Analytical
Kieu The Loan Trinh
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Nguyen Thi My Thao, Hoang Dang Khoa Do, Nguyen Nhat Nam, Nguyen Khoi Song Tran, Thach Thi Dan, Kieu The Loan Trinh
Summary: Antioxidant nanozymes have emerged as promising materials to replace natural antioxidant enzymes due to their stability, cost savings, and flexible design. This review discusses the mechanisms and manipulation strategies of antioxidant nanozymes, as well as their potential applications in medicine and healthcare. Overall, this review provides useful information for the further development and application of antioxidant nanozymes.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nguyen Nhat Nam, Hoang Dang Khoa Do, Kieu The Loan Trinh, Nae Yoon Lee
Summary: The first report of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in 2003 introduced them as a new type of ionic liquid (IL) with innovative chemical and physical characteristics. DESs, using green solvent technology, provide a sustainable approach for nanomaterial fabrication, allowing for the design of nanostructures with specific morphology and properties by adjusting reaction conditions. Their use in synthesis reactions reduces energy consumption and environmental contamination risks. This review paper discusses and highlights the recent applications and advancements in the use of DESs for green synthesis of nanomaterials, including wet-chemical processes, nanosize reticular material fabrication, electrodeposition/electrochemical synthesis of nanostructures, electroless deposition, DESs-based nano-catalytic systems, and nanofluidic systems.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rajamanickam Sivakumar, So Yeon Park, Nae Yoon Lee
Summary: Here, a quercetin-mediated silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 and Enterococcus faecium using a foldable PMMA microdevice. The LAMP amplicons formed a complex with Ag+ ions, while the quercetin acted as a reducing agent and chelated with Ag+ ions, resulting in the formation of brown-colored AgNPs within 5 minutes. The method exhibited higher sensitivity than agarose gel electrophoresis and had a detection limit of 101 copies μL-1 for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and 101 CFU mL-1 for E. faecium.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Nguyen Nhat Nam, Hoang Dang Khoa Do, Kieu The Loan Trinh, Nae Yoon Lee
Summary: In the era of omics, various fields have been identified, including genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and metagenomics. Metagenomics, among them, has significantly contributed to discoveries related to the microbial world. Newly discovered microbiomes in different ecologies provide valuable information on microbial diversity and functions on Earth. Therefore, metagenomics has led to new microbe-based applications in human health, agriculture, and the food industry. This review summarizes recent advances in bioinformatic tools and explores the current applications of metagenomics in various fields. Furthermore, it discusses the future perspectives of metagenomics as a powerful tool for studying the microbial world.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Kieu The Loan Trinh, Hoang Dang Khoa Do, Nae Yoon Lee
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a demand for accurate and cost-effective diagnostic tests for COVID-19 and other viral infections. Traditional virus screening methods have limitations in terms of equipment, personnel, and analysis time. Microfluidic-based biosensors, integrating microfluidic and biosensor technologies, offer a platform for sample preparation and simultaneous detection with high sensitivity, accuracy, portability, and real-time results. This review presents recent advances in microfluidic-based biosensors for virus detection, categorizing them into immunoassays and molecular assays, and analyzes available commercial sensing tests.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
So Yeon Park, Dong-Sik Chae, Jae Sun Lee, Byung-Ki Cho, Nae Yoon Lee
Summary: This study proposes a simple point-of-care testing (POCT) kit for the detection of the MTF1 OA biomarker to achieve on-site clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA). The kit contains an FTA card for patient sample treatments, a sample tube for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and a phenolphthalein-soaked swab for naked eye detection. The introduced method is expected to serve as a POCT platform directly applicable by clinicians for easy and rapid identification of OA.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kieu The Loan Trinh, Duc Anh Thai, Da Hyun Yang, Nae Yoon Lee
Summary: Researchers developed a biocompatible adhesive using a chitosan-vitamin C hydrogel for bonding poly-(methylmethacrylate) substrates. Hydrogen bonding and ionic cross-linking between the hydrogel and PMMA were identified as the main chemical interactions enabling robust bonding. The modified PMMA surfaces exhibited enhanced hydrophilicity, resulting in a maximum bond strength of 1.48 MPa and leak-proof microchannels. The adhesive was successfully applied in the on-chip culturing of mesenchymal stem cells, promoting the formation of MSC spheroids.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Thi Ngoc Diep Trinh, Hoang Dang Khoa Do, Nguyen Nhat Nam, Thach Thi Dan, Kieu The Loan Trinh, Nae Yoon Lee
Summary: Droplet-based microfluidics has wide applications in various fields, offering advantages such as fast reaction, high sensitivity, high throughput, and low risk of cross-contamination. This review focuses on the impact of droplet microfluidics, particularly in drug screening and development. It discusses device fabrication methods, droplet generation/manipulation techniques, and highlights promising studies on drug synthesis and delivery in the last 5 years.
Correction
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kieu The Loan Trinh, Duc Anh Thai, Da Hyun Yang, Nae Yoon Lee
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Nguyen Tran Truc Phuong, Le Hong Tho, Tan Tai Nguyen, Nguyen Nhat Nam, Kieu The Loan Trinh
Summary: Mxenes, a type of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, exhibit excellent properties such as large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity. Recent studies have shown that Mxenes have great potential in optical sensing technology, particularly in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. This review presents the latest advances in 2D MXenes and their composites for SPR/LSPR-based sensing, covering fabrication methods, properties, and potential applications in optical sensing systems.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mengmeng Guo, Na Luo, Yueling Bai, Zhenggang Xue, Qingmin Hu, Jiaqiang Xu
Summary: A porous heterostructure WO3-C/In2O3 was designed and prepared for a miniature H2 sensor, which showed higher response value, lower operating temperature, fast response-recovery speed, and low limit of detection.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Feng Hu, Hui Hu, Yuting Li, Xiaohui Wang, Xiaowen Shi
Summary: Arsenic contamination in water bodies is a significant health risk. This study developed a chitosan-catechol modified electrode for rapid and accurate detection of trace amounts of arsenic. The modified electrode demonstrated good detection capability and resistance to ionic interference, making it suitable for in situ detection.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yantao Zhang, Qian Liu, Tao Tian, Chunhua Xu, Pengli Yang, Lianju Ma, Yi Hou, Hui Zhou, Yongjun Gan
Summary: In this study, a lysosome-targeting buffering fluorogenic probe (Lyso-BFP) was designed and synthesized, demonstrating excellent photostability, pH specificity, and responsiveness to lysosomal acidification in living cells. The performance of Lyso-BFP in pH sensing was attributed to the inhibition of the photo-induced electron transfer process. Lyso-BFP allowed for wash-free imaging and long-term real-time monitoring of lysosome pH changes based on its off-on fluorescence behavior and buffer strategy.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wei Cai, Wenbo Sun, Jiayue Wang, Xiaokui Huo, Xudong Cao, Xiangge Tian, Xiaochi Ma, Lei Feng
Summary: In this study, a near-infrared fluorescent probe HCBG was developed for imaging of alpha-GLC. HCBG exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards alpha-GLC in complex bio-samples, and showed good cell permeability for in situ real-time imaging. Through the high-throughput screening system established by HCBG, a natural alpha-GLC inhibitor was successfully isolated and identified. This study provides a novel fluorescence visualization tool for discovering and exploring the biological functions of diabetes-related gut microbiota, and a high-throughput screening approach for alpha-GLC inhibitor.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Trey W. Pittman, Xi Zhang, Chamindie Punyadeera, Charles S. Henry
Summary: Heart failure is a growing epidemic and a significant clinical and public health problem. Researchers have developed a portable and affordable diagnostic device for heart failure that can be used at the point-of-care, providing a valid alternative to current diagnostics approaches.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anders O. Tjell, Barbara Jud, Roland Schaller-Ammann, Torsten Mayr
Summary: An optical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on catalytic degradation and the detection of produced oxygen is presented. The sensor offers higher resolution and better sensitivity at lower H2O2 concentrations. By removing O2 from the sample solution, a more sensitive O2 sensor can be used for measurement. The sensor has been successfully applied in a flow-through cell to measure H2O2 concentration in different flow rates.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Seong Jae Kim, Ji-hun Jeong, Gaabhin Ryu, Yoon Sick Eom, Sanha Kim
Summary: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a high-sensitivity, label-free detection method with various analytical applications. Researchers have developed a hydrophobic SERS substrate based on engineered carbon nanotube arrays (CNT-SERS) and studied the role of structural design at both micro and nanoscales. The substrate demonstrated controlled self-enrichment capability and enhanced sensitivity, with a significant increase in the SERS signal. The study also proposed a theoretical model and a concentration strategy inspired by plants for analyte deposition on microarrays.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dan Zhao, Renjun Jiang, Xiaoqiang Liu, Subbiah Alwarappan
Summary: In this study, a novel ternary composite material was constructed by assembling cerium vanadate nanorods on reduced graphene oxide-microcrystalline cellulose nanosheets, and it was used for real-time monitoring of the concentration of superoxide anions in vivo. The ternary composite showed excellent conductivity, large surface area, and abundant active sites, leading to a wider linear range, high sensitivity, low detection limit, and fast response time for superoxide anion detection.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tengfei Wang, Liwen Wang, Guang Wu, Dating Tian
Summary: In this study, a covalent organic framework material TaTp-COF with porous and uniform spheres was successfully prepared via hydrothermal reaction, and it was found to significantly enhance the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of berberine. The unique emission properties of berberine on TaTp-COF were studied and utilized for the sensitive detection of berberine.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lin Li, Yilei Ding, Lei Xu, Shuoran Chen, Guoliang Dai, Pengju Han, Lixin Lu, Changqing Ye, Yanlin Song
Summary: In this study, a novel TTI based on a ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor is designed, which has the advantages of high accuracy and low cost. Experimental and theoretical investigations confirm its pH responsiveness and demonstrate its good sensitivity and reliability. By monitoring the total volatile basic nitrogen, this TTI can accurately predict food spoilage and can be adaptively modified for different types of food. The TTI based on this nanosensor enables visual monitoring of food quality.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fangju Chen, Xueting Wang, Wei Chen, Chenwen Shao, Yong Qian
Summary: Lung cancer is the second most common malignant tumor worldwide. Drug resistance in lung cancer leads to treatment failure and recurrence in majority of patients. This study developed a fluorescent prodrug that can be activated in cancer cells to release drugs, and its signal can be tracked by imaging. It shows a unique autophagy-driven ferroptosis effect, indicating its potential for targeting drug-resistant cancer cells.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Weichao Li, Qiming Yuan, Zhangcheng Xia, Xiaoxue Ma, Lifang He, Ling Jin, Xiangfeng Chu, Kui Zhang
Summary: This study developed a high-performance gas sensor for formaldehyde detection by modifying ZnSnO3 with ZnO QDs and SnO2 QDs. The modified sensor showed improved sensing response and lower working temperature. The presence of ZnO QDs formed rich heterojunctions, increased surface area, and provided oxygen deficiency for formaldehyde sensing reaction, thus enhancing the sensor performance. This research provides an alternative method to enhance the sensing properties of MOS by QDs modification.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Joung-Il Moon, Eun Jung Choi, Younju Joung, Jin-Woo Oh, Sang-Woo Joo, Jaebum Choo
Summary: A novel nanoplasmonic substrate was developed for biomedical applications, which showed strong hot spots for detecting biomarkers at low concentrations. The substrate, called AuNPs@M13, was made by immobilizing 60 nm gold nanoparticles onto the surface of an M13 bacteriophage scaffold. It demonstrated higher sensitivity and lower limit of detection compared to commercially available assays.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ning Li, Ya Zhang, Ying Xu, Xiaofang Liu, Jian Chen, Mei Yang, Changjun Hou, Danqun Huo
Summary: The molecular subtype of breast cancer guides treatment and drug selection. Invasive tests can promote cancer cell metastasis, so the development of high-performance, low-cost diagnostic tools for cancer prognosis is crucial. Liquid biopsy techniques enable noninvasive, real-time, dynamic, multicomponent, quantitative, and long-term observations at the cellular, genetic, and molecular levels. A Cu-Zr metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoenzyme with monatomic Cu attachment has been synthesized and proven to have high catalytic performance. The sensor constructed using this nanoenzyme shows potential for accurate classification of breast cancer serum samples.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jeongmin Kim, Hyemin Kim, Seunghyun Park, Hyeonaug Hong, Yong Jae Kim, Jiyong Lee, Jaeho Kim, Seung-Woo Cho, Wonhyoung Ryu
Summary: This study presents a method to fabricate independently functioning microneedle (MN) electrodes with narrow intervals for high precision electrochemical sensing. The optimized mixture of photocurable polymer and single-wall carbon nanotubes was used to mold single composite MNs, which were then attached to pre-patterned electrodes. Plasma etching and electropolymerization were performed to enhance the electrochemical activity, and Prussian blue and glucose oxidase were electrodeposited on the MNs for glucose detection. The MN electrodes showed good sensitivity and linearity, and the feasibility of glucose detection was demonstrated in an in vivo mouse study.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2024)