Article
Plant Sciences
Yongqi Yin, Xin Tian, Jia Yang, Zhengfei Yang, Jun Tao, Weiming Fang
Summary: The application of exogenous melatonin (MT) can alleviate the inhibitory effects of UV-B radiation stress on the growth and biomass of germinated soybeans. MT increases the content of total flavonoids and isoflavone monomers by enhancing the activity and relative gene expression level of critical isoflavone biosynthesis-related enzymes.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sabiya Samim Khan, Sushmita Janrao, Saurabh Srivastava, Shashi Bala Singh, Lalitkumar Vora, Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
Summary: Neuroinflammation, a degenerative condition affecting neurons in the brain, is strongly associated with progressive neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The immune response mediated by glial cells and astrocytes plays a crucial role in both physiological correction and pathological progression of neuroinflammation. Several proteins, including GSK-3 beta, NLRP3, TNF, PPAR gamma, and NF-kappa B, have been identified as key mediators of the inflammatory response. However, the precise regulatory pathways and interactions between these proteins remain unclear, particularly in the context of NLRP3 activation. This review aims to provide a detailed understanding of the crosstalk between inflammatory markers, GSK-3 beta, and neuroinflammation progression, as well as discuss recent therapeutic advances in the management of Parkinson's disease.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yongqi Yin, Renjiao Zhang, Xin Tian, Zhengfei Yang, Weiming Fang
Summary: The study investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in exogenous melatonin (MT)-induced isoflavone accumulation under UV-B stress in germinated soybeans. The results showed that exogenous MT and an NO releaser, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), significantly enhanced NO content and upregulated the gene expression of NR1, NR2, and nitric oxide synthase. However, when combined with an NO scavenger, cPTIO, exogenous MT markedly decreased NO content. Furthermore, MT-triggered NO generation promoted isoflavone accumulation and alleviated UV-B stress inhibition.
PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mian Wang, Guannan Liu, Tianwei Guo, Chong Xie, Pei Wang, Runqiang Yang
Summary: This study focused on the effects of UV-B radiation on the accumulation and synthetic metabolism of isoflavone in soybean hypocotyl and cotyledon calluses. The results showed that UV-B radiation up-regulated the gene expression and enhanced the activity of enzymes involved in isoflavone synthesis, leading to an increase in isoflavones content. This study revealed that UV-B radiation induced isoflavone accumulation in soybean calluses, which could be an efficient strategy to improve the nutritional value of food and produce high levels of bioactive secondary metabolites.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Alberto M. Martelli, Francesca Paganelli, Camilla Evangelisti, Francesca Chiarini, James A. McCubrey
Summary: GSK-3 is a multifunctional protein kinase involved in various physiological processes and plays a crucial role in cancer cell pathobiology. While often inactivated in cancer cells, GSK-3 isoforms can also act as tumor promoters in certain contexts.
Article
Plant Sciences
Taishan Li, Hisayo Yamane, Ryutaro Tao
Summary: UV-B light promotes blueberry fruit growth, sugar accumulation, and coloration, while also regulating the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. UV-B treatments may influence anthocyanin accumulation in blueberry fruits by modulating the expression of MYB transcription factors.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaolei Liu, Anurag Verma, Gustavo Garcia, Holly Ramage, Rebecca L. Myers, Anastasia Lucas, Jacob J. Michaelson, William Coryell, Arvind Kumar, Alexander W. Charney, Marcelo G. Kazanietz, Daniel J. Rader, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Wade H. Berrettini, David C. Schultz, Sara Cherry, Robert Damoiseaux, Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, Peter S. Klein
Summary: The nucleocapsid protein (N) of coronaviruses is essential for viral replication, and the phosphorylation of N by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is crucial for its function. The study found that the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 may be sensitive to GSK-3 inhibitors like lithium, leading to reduced risk of COVID-19 in patients taking lithium. Inhibition of GSK-3 impairs viral transcription and replication, suggesting that targeting GSK-3 could be a potential approach to treat COVID-19 and future coronavirus outbreaks.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Melinda E. Snitow, Rahul S. Bhansali, Peter S. Klein
Summary: Lithium salts have been used for therapeutic purposes since the 19th century, with significant advancements in treating bipolar disorder following reports of remarkable efficacy by John Cade and Mogens Schou. The molecular targets of lithium are few, including GSK-3, and it has shown potential therapeutic applications in various diseases such as bipolar disorder, cancer, and coronavirus infections.
Review
Ecology
Rie Matsuzaki, Eoin Gunnigle, Violette Geissen, Gerard Clarke, Jatin Nagpal, John F. Cryan
Summary: The gut microbiota, influenced by various factors including exposure to pesticides, plays a crucial role in maintaining host health, particularly influencing the brain and behavior. Studies on animals have shown that pesticides can negatively impact the gut microbiota, physiology, and health, leading to behavioral impairments. This review aims to assess whether changes in gut microbiota composition and function induced by pesticides are responsible for these behavioral alterations. However, the diversity in pesticide types, exposure doses, and experimental designs hinders direct comparisons between studies, and the mechanistic connection between the gut microbiota and behavioral changes remains insufficiently explored.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yue Dai, Emily M. Faul, Arnab Ghosh, Dennis J. Stuehr
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) signaling in biology relies on its activating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production by the NO receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Physiological levels of NO trigger the mobilization of heme to immature sGC, leading to the construction of functional sGC heterodimers and increased active sGC levels. The process involves glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-heme complexes and the chaperone hsp90.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Alberto M. Martelli, Camilla Evangelisti, Francesca Paganelli, Francesca Chiarini, James A. McCubrey
Summary: GSK-3 consists of two isoforms, alpha and beta, that are constitutively active but can be inactivated through phosphorylation by upstream kinases. It was initially considered a tumor suppressor, but it has also been found to have oncogenic properties in promoting pathways critical for cancer cell proliferation, survival, and drug-resistance.
Article
Dermatology
Qi Jia, Li Tao, Yinyin Zhou, Li Song, Zhonghong Wei, Tao Lu, James R. Woodgett, Yin Lu
Summary: The study found that the GSK-3 inhibitor Pym-5 can delay the growth of melanoma cells, promote melanin production, and achieve this effect by activating the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jingyuan Xiong, Ye Tian, Guochen Ma, Xiaoyu Wang, Shufang Shan, Guo Cheng
Summary: The timing of puberty is crucial for adult well-being and can be influenced by factors such as environment, lifestyle, and diet. This study investigates the effects of genistein, a soy isoflavone, at different developmental stages on reproductive development and neuroendocrine regulations in female rats. The results show that genistein exposure during the lactational stage significantly accelerates vaginal opening time and affects the secretion of neuroendocrine factors. However, exposures during neonatal and post-weaning stages do not have significant effects.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hsuan-Yeh Pan, Mallika Valapala
Summary: Autophagy is a vital cellular mechanism that ensures cellular maintenance and survival. The GSK-3 signaling pathway regulates autophagy by modulating TFEB and other signaling molecules.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Marisol Giustozzi, Santiago Nicolas Freytes, Aime Jaskolowski, Micaela Lichy, Julieta Mateos, Maria Lorena Falcone Ferreyra, German L. Rosano, Pablo Cerdan, Paula Casati
Summary: Mediator 17 (MED17) is a subunit of the Mediator complex that regulates transcription initiation and also participates in DNA repair in eukaryotic organisms. This study reveals that MED17 plays a role in the response to UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis plants and is involved in various aspects of the DNA damage response (DDR).
