Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
O. J. Gbadeyan, S. Adali, G. Bright, B. Sithole
Summary: The study examined the reinforcement properties of nano-CaCO3 synthesized from Achatina fulica snail shell, finding significant improvements in thermal stability and mechanical properties of neat epoxy with different filler content. Notably, inclusion of 1% Achatina fulica snail shell nanoparticles led to a 75% increase in tensile strength, over 25% increase in stiffness, 25% increase in impact strength, and 35% increase in hardness of neat epoxy. These findings highlight the potential of nano-CaCO3 from A. fulica snail shell for nanocomposite fabrication.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qiushi Jiang, Zhaolian Han, Yafeng Yuan, Zhiqiang Cheng
Summary: The floral CaO/ZnO photocatalytic composite prepared by co-precipitation method shows strong degradation capability and electron-hole separation performance under visible light, indicating high reusability value.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Folasade Olabimpe Adeboyejo, Oyebimpe Bukunmi Oyesanya
Summary: Chitosan derived from African giant snail shells through autoclave or ultrasound-assisted deacetylation was characterized and evaluated for its effect on the quality and shelf life of tomatoes and cucumbers, with a significant improvement observed, especially under refrigerated conditions.
Article
Polymer Science
Oluwatoyin Joseph Gbadeyan, Sarp Adali, Glen Bright, Bruce Sithole
Summary: This study compared the reinforcing effects of Achatina fulica snail shell nanoparticles, montmorillonite, and kaolinite nanoclay on greenpoxy. The incorporation of snail shell nanoparticles significantly improved the mechanical properties of pure greenpoxy, with 1% loading offering the best results. The protein fibers and high-concentration calcium carbonate in snail shell nanoparticles contributed to a uniform dispersion and strong adhesion with the matrix, resulting in high strength, stiffness, and reduced water absorption of the composites.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Neha Uppal, Asokan Pappu, Vijaya Kumar Sorna Gowri
Summary: High tensile strength and stiff nano-CaCO3/epoxy composites were successfully engineered via planetary ball milling for the first time. Compared to micron-sized counterparts, the composites exhibited a remarkable improvement of 51% in strength (51.90 MPa) and 28% in modulus (522.62 MPa) at 1 wt%. Additionally, a fascinating observation of 40% enhancement in ductility was achieved. These results suggest that nano-CaCO3 particles (38-52 nm) hold great potential as sustainable concrete nanofillers in greener construction industry and other commercial building applications.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ming Wang, Jinlong Yan, Yumeng Xu, Xiangqian Zhou, Yusen Diao, Hui Wang, Jiahao Bian, Cheng Liu, Guixiang Quan
Summary: N-doped biochar was prepared by calcining shrimp shells and then activated and post-modified to obtain a series of novel adsorbents. The modified biochar showed improved surface area, pore volume, and excellent adsorption performance. The results suggest that ball-milled shrimp shell biochar is a promising material for cation dye adsorption.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Is Fatimah, Habibi Hidayat, Gani Purwiandono, Khoirunisa Khoirunisa, Hasna Azizah Zahra, Rahmania Audita, Suresh Sagadevan
Summary: In this study, green synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNPs)-doped hydroxyapatite (Ag/HA) was prepared using Curcuma longa leaf extract and land snail shell waste. The physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial activity of Ag/HA composite were investigated. The results showed that the nanoparticle distribution and antibacterial feature of the nanocomposite were influenced by the Ag content.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Pornpavee Nualnisachol, Pramote Chumnanpuen, Teerasak E-kobon
Summary: In this research, the genome of the giant African snail was analysed to identify enzymes and reconstruct biochemical pathways related to carbohydrate and glycan metabolism. The study found several complete pathways associated with nutrient acquisition, mucus production, and shell biomineralization. Increased copy numbers of certain enzymes indicated advantages in food consumption and growth rate. This understanding will benefit the discovery of valuable enzymes for industrial and medical applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lucian Diamandescu, Felicia Tolea, Marcel Feder, Florin Vasiliu, Ionel Mercioniu, Monica Enculescu, Traian Popescu, Bogdan Popescu
Summary: The equimolar oxide mixture beta-Ga2O3-alpha-Fe2O3 was processed by high-energy ball milling to obtain nanoscaled GaFeO3 ortho-ferrite. After 12 hours of HEBM, only nanoscaled gallium-doped alpha-Fe2O3 was obtained, with the GaFeO3 structure being achieved after subsequent calcination.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Anna Galotta, Francesca Agostinacchio, Antonella Motta, Sandra Dire, Vincenzo M. Sglavo
Summary: According to the principles of circular economy, processing routes that aim to reduce natural resource consumption and energy demand can be considered as 'green'. In this study, mussel shells were successfully transformed into nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite through mechanochemical synthesis at room temperature. The resulting powder was then consolidated through cold sintering, resulting in high relative density and flexural strength. Cell viability assessment showed that the cold-sintered hydroxyapatite derived from mussel shells promoted faster adhesion and spreading of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells compared to a commercially sintered hydroxyapatite. Therefore, it has the potential to be a promising scaffold material for bone tissue regeneration.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Pranav Prasannakumar, Sabarinath Sankarannair, Chinchu Bose, Rani Santhakumari, S. N. Jyothi
Summary: The rising demand for lubricants and unstable government policies have led to the need for a renewable base stock for petroleum-based lubricants. Non-edible vegetable oils, due to their abundance worldwide and biodegradability, provide an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional lubricants. This study focuses on the feasibility of using Cashew nut shell oil (CNSO) as a lubricant base stock, specifically comparing mechanically expelled oil from boiled cashew shells (MEO) and oil extracted from raw cut shells (SEO). The evaluation of lubricating properties shows that MEO is more abundant and exhibits a lower wear scar diameter, better thermal properties, viscosity index, and oxidative stability compared to SEO, making it a preferable option as a lubricant.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Yu Xian, Taigang Feng, Hongbo Li, Zebing Xing, Ge Wang, Haitao Cheng
Summary: In this study, core-shell structured wood plastic composites (WPCs) with nano-CaCO3 filling shell were prepared using bamboo residue and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the main raw materials through coextruded technology. The effects of nano-CaCO3 contents on the flexural properties, impact strength, and dynamic thermo-mechanical properties of the WPCs were investigated. The results showed that the addition of nano-CaCO3 significantly improved the flexural strength of the WPCs but reduced the impact strength. Moreover, the storage modulus increased with the increasing nano-CaCO3 contents, and the glass transition temperature (T-g) increased while the loss factor (tan delta) decreased.
Article
Polymer Science
Melinda Shali George Edward, Antony Catherine Flora Louis, Harini Srinivasan, Sivakumar Venkatachalam
Summary: The utilization of biopolymers as packaging materials has attracted attention due to environmental concerns. This study focused on improving the properties of polylactic acid (PLA), a promising biopolymer, by plasticization and nanoparticle reinforcement. Almond shell waste nanoparticles were used for their ecological benefits. The results showed that PLA films blended with naturally derived clove oil improved elongation and tensile strength. PLA films with almond shell waste nanoparticles exhibited reduced transparency, increased water solubility, and improved biodegradability compared to neat PLA films. This study suggests that PLA developed using almond shell waste could serve as a better alternative to synthetic plastics in the packaging industry.
IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Du, Erwang Li, Runsheng Lin
Summary: In this study, nano-CaCO3/ceresine wax composite shell microcapsules were prepared to improve the self-healing ability of cement-based materials. The results showed that the addition of nano-CaCO3 improved the encapsulation ability and mechanical properties of microcapsules. The incorporation of these microcapsules into mortar significantly enhanced its self-healing ability.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Guttikonda Manohar, K. M. Pandey, S. R. Maity
Summary: A nano hybrid composite of AA7075 + 6%B4C+3%ZrC was successfully fabricated with improved mechanical properties using microwave sintering technique. The microstructural investigation showed agglomerates of nano ZrC particles and homogenous distribution of B4C particles. Microwave sintered composites exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with clean interface bonds between matrix and reinforcement particles and a higher strain to fracture value compared to conventionally sintered composites.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Oluwatoyin Joseph Gbadeyan, Sarp Adali, Glen Bright, Bruce Sithole
Summary: This study compared the reinforcing effects of Achatina fulica snail shell nanoparticles, montmorillonite, and kaolinite nanoclay on greenpoxy. The incorporation of snail shell nanoparticles significantly improved the mechanical properties of pure greenpoxy, with 1% loading offering the best results. The protein fibers and high-concentration calcium carbonate in snail shell nanoparticles contributed to a uniform dispersion and strong adhesion with the matrix, resulting in high strength, stiffness, and reduced water absorption of the composites.
Article
Polymer Science
Oluwatoyin J. Gbadeyan, Olajumoke D. Fagbemi, Jerome Andrew, Sarp Adali, Bright Glen, Bright Sithole
Summary: This study focused on the modeling and optimization of the concentration of PVA, CNC, SSN, and glycerol for the development of bioplastic films. The effect of the concentration of these components on the mechanical properties of the films was investigated. The quadratic polynomial model provided optimized parameters for the films, resulting in improved mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sisonke Sigonya, Stanley Chibuzor Onwubu, Phumlani Selby Mdluli, Thabang Hendrica Mokhothu
Summary: This study presents an optimized method for monitoring the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments. The method was applied in the coastal area of Durban city, South Africa, covering four seasons. Qualitative and quantitative detection of the extracted compounds was done using a high-performance liquid phase chromatographic instrument. The results showed that the concentration of the studied pharmaceuticals varied with the type of aquatic environment and season.
SN APPLIED SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
O. J. Gbadeyan, L. Z. Linganiso, N. Deenadayalu
Summary: This study focuses on the thermomechanical investigation of bioplastic firms produced from a combination of polylactic acid (PLA) and nano-calcium carbonated (nano-CaCO3) synthesized from the Achatina Fulica snail shell. It was observed that incorporating nano-CaCO3 improved the thermal stability and temperature-dependent mechanical properties of neat PLA, regardless of the percentage weight added.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sindisiwe F. Muthwa, Nontuthuko S. Zulu, Marcel Kistan, Stanley C. Onwubu, Ndivhuwo P. Shumbula, Nosipho Moloto, Siyasanga Mpelane, Thulani Hlatshwayo, Mbuso Mlambo, Phumlani S. Mdluli
Summary: This paper explores the use of smartphones and spectrophotometers to understand the color variation mechanism of DPC-AuNPs due to chromium addition. The Color Grab app captures and decodes colors from samples with varying concentrations of hexavalent chromium. The presence of Cr(VI) causes the DPC-AuNPs to aggregate, resulting in a color change from pink to blue and a decrease in peak intensity. The study also uses molecular dynamics calculations to simulate the aggregation process and suggests potential applications in metal ion detection.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Nursing
Maureen Nokuthula Sibiya, Stanley Chibuzor Onwubu
Summary: The health and wellbeing of nurses and midwives are crucial for providing quality care. Ensuring support in various work environments is essential for the best outcomes. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on nursing and midwifery practices in South Africa.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Oluwatoyin J. J. Gbadeyan, Linda Z. Z. Linganiso, Nirmala Deenadayalu
Summary: The optimization of the concentration of polylactic acid (PLA), sugarcane bagasse cellulose fibers (SBCF), and snail shell nanoparticles (SSNP) was investigated for the development of bioplastic films. Response surface methodology was used to assess the parameters' impact on water absorption and thermal stability. The results showed that the loading of SSNP and SBCF had an effect on the water absorption and thermal stability of the bioplastic films. The optimized concentrations of each component resulted in improved properties, suggesting the potential use of these bioplastics for food and drug packaging.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Katleho Keneuwe Khoaele, Oluwatoyin Joseph Gbadeyan, Viren Chunilall, Bruce Sithole
Summary: The rapid increase in population has led to devastating effects of plastic waste on the ecosystem. Efforts to mitigate plastic waste have had limited effects due to the increasing demand for plastic. Advancements in recycling plastic are critical for achieving a sustainable circular economy. This study reviews the adverse effects of plastic waste, regulations for managing it, and suggests remedial measures to reduce plastic waste.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Katleho Keneuwe Khoaele, Oluwatoyin Joseph Gbadeyan, Viren Chunilalla, Bruce Sithole
Summary: The necessity for environmentally friendly resources has driven the development of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) in the construction industry. The use of natural fibres, particularly waste materials, holds promise in developing value-added products while mitigating environmental pollution. However, current wood-based composites have disadvantages such as low interfacial bonding. Efforts to chemically treat wood fibres and produce environmentally friendly, cost-effective, lightweight, and biodegradable composites with enhanced structural properties are crucial. Additionally, various waste plastics, plant dust, and coupling agents have been investigated for wood plastic composites application in construction materials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Shivaan Anashpaul, Georgios A. Drosopoulos, Sarp Adali
Summary: This study focuses on minimizing the weight of a three-phase, glass and carbon nanotubes reinforced angle-ply laminate while meeting a fundamental frequency constraint. The optimal distributions of the fibers and CNTs, stacking sequence, ply angles, and ply thicknesses are considered as design variables. The research reveals that placing fiber and CNT reinforcements close to or in the outer layers is the most effective, and CNT reinforcement affects the optimal values of ply angles due to the reduced directional properties of fibers when the matrix is reinforced by CNTs.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mokgadi Ursula Makgobole, Stanley Chibuzor Onwubu, Celenkosini Thembelenkosini Nxumal, Nomakhosi Mpofana, Abdulwakeel Ayokun-nun Ajao
Summary: The physiological condition of the oral cavity makes it prone to microbial growth and diseases. This study reviews the use of medicinal plants for oral health in West Africa and identifies the most commonly used plant species and their antimicrobial activities. It also emphasizes the need for further research on the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies of these plants.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
K. Sewnath, G. Drosopoulos, S. Adali
Summary: The present study investigates the buckling behavior of a hybrid laminate consisting of woven glass fibers and graphene platelets in a polymer matrix. The use of multiscale composites offers the advantage of improved stiffness and reduced weight, making them the preferred materials in various applications. The elastic properties of the 3-phase materials are determined using micromechanical relations. The objective is to enhance the buckling capacity of the woven fabric laminates by incorporating high stiffness and lightweight graphene reinforcement. Analytical and numerical results demonstrate the influence of design parameters on the buckling load, with contour plots highlighting the effectiveness of graphene reinforcement.
Article
Environmental Sciences
R. Thakur, S. C. Onwubu
Summary: Household waste management is a significant challenge in informal settlements in South Africa due to the lack of infrastructure and limited government services. This study investigated waste management behavior among residents of Shannon Drive informal settlement in Durban, South Africa using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The findings suggest that while individuals have a positive attitude towards managing their household waste, they believe it is solely the responsibility of the municipality, potentially impacting waste management policies and programs. Continued education and outreach efforts are needed to promote positive behavior in household waste management.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Sandile Cromwell Mkhize, Stanley Chibuzor Onwubu, Thabang Hendrica Mokhothu, Phumlane Selby Mdluli, Ajay Kumar Mishra
Summary: This study compares the remineralization characteristics of nano-hydroxyapatite extracted from waste eggshells and fish scales. The results show that nano-hydroxyapatite extracted from eggshells has superior properties for remineralization of teeth. These findings are important for the development of sustainable and effective oral health care products using bio-waste materials.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Oluwatoyin Joseph Gbadeyan, K. Kanny, T. P. Mohan
Summary: The tribological properties of layered silicate nanoparticle-filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) nanocomposite were investigated. The nanocomposite spur gear was developed by infusing different weight percentages of nanoclay on each printed ABS layer. The effect of nanoclay loading and different sliding distances on the wear and friction properties of the nanocomposite at different layer orientations was studied. The results showed that loading nanoclay improved the tribological properties of the nanocomposite and the gear with 2 wt.% nanoclay exhibited low wear rate and stable coefficient of friction.
POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS
(2022)