Article
Microbiology
Luca Cegolon, Mattia Mirandola, Claudio Salaris, Maria Vittoria Salvati, Giuseppe Mastrangelo, Cristiano Salata
Summary: Research has shown that hypothiocyanite and lactoferrin have virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, potentially reducing viral transmission. This combination has been designated as an orphan drug and may serve as a treatment option for COVID-19.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ridhima Kaul, Pradipta Paul, Sanjay Kumar, Dietrich Buesselberg, Vivek Dhar Dwivedi, Ali Chaari
Summary: This review summarizes the activities and structure-activity relationships of flavonoids in combating SARS-CoV-2 from in vitro studies to clinical research. The study found that flavonoids such as quercetin and myricetin derivatives, baicalein, baicalin, EGCG, and tannic acid show promising activities against SARS-CoV-2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shaopeng Yu, Yuying Zhu, Jiaruo Xu, Guangtao Yao, Pei Zhang, Mengge Wang, Yongfang Zhao, Guoqiang Lin, Hongzhuan Chen, Lili Chen, Jiange Zhang
Summary: The study used a combination of computer-aided drug design and biological verification to discover active compounds from traditional Chinese medicine, with glycyrrhizic acid identified as the most efficient and nontoxic broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus molecule. This provides a theoretical basis for further research on traditional Chinese medicine against SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Microbiology
Haiying Zhang, Yuyuan Jia, Ying Ji, Xu Cong, Yan Liu, Ruifeng Yang, Xiangsha Kong, Yijun Shi, Ling Zhu, Zhenyu Wang, Wei Wang, Ran Fei, Feng Liu, Fengmin Lu, Hongsong Chen, Huiying Rao
Summary: This study evaluated the level and persistence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) induced by two inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in China. The results showed that the highest NAb positivity rate was observed in the first and second month after the second vaccine dose, and gradually declined over time. With a 21-day interval between doses, NAb levels persisted for only 6 months after the second dose. Age affected NAb levels, but sex did not.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Minghua Li
Summary: Interferons and interferon-stimulated genes play a crucial role in the host's innate immunity against viral infection. A recent study identified phospholipid scramblase 1 as a novel interferon-stimulated gene that restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking virus-cell fusion.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Matheus Oliveira de Souza, Bharat Madan, I-Ting Teng, Aric Huang, Lihong Liu, Ahmed S. S. Fahad, Sheila N. Lopez N. Acevedo, Xiaoli Pan, Mallika Sastry, Matias Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Michael T. T. Yin, Tongqing Zhou, David D. D. Ho, Peter D. D. Kwong, Brandon J. J. DeKosky
Summary: This study comprehensively investigated the subdomain specificity of natural human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other betacoronaviruses. The cross-reactive responses of antibodies generated by convalescent donors were mapped using yeast display technology and bioinformatic analysis. However, most of these antibodies were found to be non-neutralizing. The degree of somatic hypermutation in specific and non-specific antibodies was unique for each patient. These findings provide functional insights into cross-reactive antibodies and their potential role in developing strategies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and divergent betacoronaviruses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jason Z. Zhang, Hsien-Wei Yeh, Alexandra C. Walls, Basile I. M. Wicky, Kaitlin R. Sprouse, Laura A. VanBlargan, Rebecca Treger, Alfredo Quijano-Rubio, Minh N. Pham, John C. Kraft, Ian C. Haydon, Wei Yang, Michelle DeWitt, John E. Bowen, Cameron M. Chow, Lauren Carter, Rashmi Ravichandran, Mark H. Wener, Lance Stewart, David Veesler, Michael S. Diamond, Alexander L. Greninger, David M. Koelle, David Baker
Summary: We developed a protein biosensor that can rapidly and sensitively detect neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants in serum. The biosensor can accurately differentiate between different samples based on the affinity and abundance of antibody binding, which is superior to traditional competition-based assays.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashish Patel, Malathi Rajendran, Ashish Shah, Harnisha Patel, Suresh B. Pakala, Prashanthi Karyala
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, shares similarities with 2002 SARS-CoV and both use similar mechanisms to enter host cells. This study explores the potential of curcumin and its derivatives as inhibitors of the spike protein, which plays a crucial role in viral entry. However, further research is needed to investigate their efficacy.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sahar Alsaidi, Nadjet Cornejal, Oneil Mahoney, Claudia Melo, Neeharika Verma, Thierry Bonnaire, Theresa Chang, Barry R. O'Keefe, James Sailer, Thomas M. Zydowsky, Natalia Teleshova, Jose A. Fernandez Romero
Summary: The study found that iota and lambda carrageenan exhibit the most potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, and combinations of griffithsin and carrageenan show synergistic effects, including against recent SARS-CoV-2 mutations. The combination is a promising candidate for preventing or treating infections by SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Valentina Gentili, Daniele Pazzi, Sabrina Rizzo, Giovanna Schiuma, Edoardo Marchini, Stefania Papadia, Andrea Sartorel, Dario Di Luca, Francesca Caccuri, Carlo Alberto Bignozzi, Roberta Rizzo
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus mainly spreads through small airborne aerosol particles and droplets, with contaminated surfaces also recognized as an important route of transmission. Two transparent polymeric compounds synthesized with silver and benzalkonium ions showed effective antimicrobial and antiviral properties against various bacteria and viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Theron Gilliland, Matthew Dunn, Yanan Liu, Maria D. H. Alcorn, Yutaka Terada, Shauna Vasilatos, Jeneveve Lundy, Rong Li, Sham Nambulli, Deanna Larson, Paul Duprex, Hua Wu, Thomas Luke, Christoph Bausch, Kristi Egland, Eddie Sullivan, Zhongde Wang, William B. Klimstra
Summary: The rapid evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the emergence of variants with spike protein mutations that may evade antibody neutralization, transmit more efficiently, or exhibit altered virulence. A human polyclonal antibody called SAB-185 was found to have strong neutralizing effects against multiple variants in vitro and provided protection in animal experiments against lethal and non-lethal strains. This suggests that SAB-185 may be an effective immunotherapy even in the presence of ongoing viral mutation.
Article
Immunology
Maureen Betton, Marine Livrozet, Delphine Planas, Antoine Fayol, Blandine Monel, Benoit Vedie, Timothee Bruel, Eric Tartour, Nicolas Robillard, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, Anne Blanchard, Jade Ghosn, Benoit Visseaux, Helene Pere, David Lebeaux, Olivier Schwartz, David Veyer, Jean-Sebastien Hulot
Summary: After COVID-19 infection, levels of IgG antibodies and neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 decrease over time, but do not imply loss of neutralizing capacity; A few patients showed negative serological status 6 months post-infection; IgG levels correlate with neutralization and show a stronger correlation for anti-S antibodies.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jason Z. Zhang, Hsien-Wei Yeh, Alexandra C. Walls, Basile I. M. Wicky, Kaitlin R. Sprouse, Laura A. VanBlargan, Rebecca Treger, Alfredo Quijano-Rubio, Minh N. Pham, John C. Kraft, Ian C. Haydon, Wei Yang, Michelle DeWitt, John E. Bowen, Cameron M. Chow, Lauren Carter, Rashmi Ravichandran, Mark H. Wener, Lance Stewart, David Veesler, Michael S. Diamond, Alexander L. Greninger, David M. Koelle, David Baker
Summary: The protein biosensor designed in this study utilizes thermodynamic coupling to detect neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants, without the need for target modification, and can better distinguish differences between samples compared to traditional methods.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melissa Garcia-Vega, Edgar A. Melgoza-Gonzalez, Sofia Hernandez-Valenzuela, Diana Hinojosa-Trujillo, Monica Resendiz-Sandoval, Mara Anais Llamas-Covarrubias, Martin Loza-Lopez, Olivia Valenzuela, Alan Soto-Gaxiola, Miguel A. Hernandez-Onate, Veronica Mata-Haro, Irene Cassaniti, Jose Camilla Sammartino, Alessandro Ferrari, Luca Simonelli, Mattia Pedotti, Rui Sun, Fanglei Zuo, Fausto Baldanti, Luca Varani, Harold Marcotte, Qiang Pan-Hammarstrom, Jesus Hernandez
Summary: This study isolated and characterized a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) called 19n01, which has a potent and broad capacity to bind and neutralize all previously circulating variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5. The antibody showed high affinity and cross-competition with ACE2 binding, indicating its potential as an effective therapeutic agent against Omicron variants.
Article
Immunology
Rachel A. Reyna, Jordyn Walker, Brooke Mitchell, Divya P. Shinde, Jessica A. Plante, Scott C. Weaver, Kenneth S. Plante
Summary: Anosmia, a common consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, is correlated with disease severity. Different variants of the virus can cause significant loss of smell, and vaccination does not prevent anosmia but can protect against severe disease.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dewan Muhammad Shoaib, Tanvir Ahmed, Kazy Farhat Tabassum, Mehedi Hasan, Fazle Sharior, Mahbubur Rahman, Makfie Farah, Md Azizur Rahman, Alauddin Ahmed, James B. Tidwell, Mahbub-Ul Alam
Summary: An intervention was implemented in Bangladesh during COVID-19 to reduce occupational health risks for waste and sanitation workers. The intervention involved training and distribution of personal protective equipment (PPE). The study found that the intervention improved workers' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PPE usage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Andreas Kortenkamp, Olwenn Martin, Eleni Iacovidou, Martin Scholze
Summary: The European Food Safety Authority's downward revision of the Health-based Guidance Value for bisphenol A (BPA) has led to disagreements with other regulatory agencies, particularly the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. The differing views between EFSA and BfR are driven by their respective selection of endpoints and study evaluation systems, as well as their acceptance or refusal of immunotoxic effects as a basis for establishing a Health-based Guidance Value.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shizhen He, Bjorn Lundberg, Jenny Hallberg, Susanna Klevebro, Goran Pershagen, Kristina Eneroth, Erik Melen, Matteo Bottai, Olena Gruzieva
Summary: Early life air pollution exposure and abnormal inflammation-related protein profiles may interact synergistically towards lower lung function in infants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Paulien Cleys, Emilie Hardy, Yu Ait Bamai, Giulia Poma, Adam Cseresznye, Govindan Malarvannan, Paul T. J. Scheepers, Susana Viegas, Simo P. Porras, Tiina Santonen, Lode Godderis, Jelle Verdonck, Katrien Poels, Carla Martins, Maria Joao Silva, Henriqueta Louro, Inese Martinsone, Lasma Akulova, An van Nieuwenhuyse, Martien Graumans, Selma Mahiout, Radu Corneliu Duca, Adrian Covaci
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the exposure of e-waste workers to phthalates and alternative plasticizers. The results showed that e-waste workers had higher urinary concentrations of phthalates and metabolites compared to non-occupationally exposed controls. However, no significant differences were found between pre-and post-shift concentrations in the e-waste workers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Karolina Bralewska
Summary: This review study examines the concentrations of various air pollutants in fire stations, identifies the limitations and strengths of existing research, identifies research gaps and challenges, and suggests potential solutions for reducing firefighter exposure to air pollution at fire stations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2024)