Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Harpal Singh Sandhu, Joshua Lambert, Zach Steckler, Lee Park, Arnold Stromberg, Julio Ramirez, Chi-fu Jeffrey Yang
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate whether outpatient medications approved by the FDA reduce the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. A retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients in the US in 2020 found that rosuvastatin, empagliflozin-metformin, metformin, and enoxaparin showed protective effects against COVID-19 hospitalization. Well-designed clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of these agents in therapeutic or prophylactic settings.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Atsuko Deguchi, Tomoko Yamamoto, Noriyuki Shibata, Yoshiro Maru
Summary: This study investigates the potential role of S100A8 in COVID-19-associated ARDS and proposes a treatment method. Pathological similarities, clinical information, and experimental results collectively support the importance of S100A8 in COVID-19.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rhiane Moody, Kirsty Wilson, Katie L. Flanagan, Anthony Jaworowski, Magdalena Plebanski
Summary: COVID-19, primarily a respiratory infection, can lead to complications affecting multiple organs. Immune responses can both protect against and exacerbate the disease. Viral infections have been linked to autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and lupus, with reports of new onset autoimmune-like diseases in COVID-19 patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Reza Sinaei, Sara Pezeshki, Saeedeh Parvaresh, Roya Sinaei
Summary: Research suggests that children are less frequently and severely affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to adults, potentially due to factors such as a healthier respiratory system, less vigorous immune response, and other immune characteristics.
WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ning Jiang, Yan-Nan Liu, Jing Bao, Ran Li, Wen-Tao Ni, Xing-Yu Tan, Yu Xu, Li-Ping Peng, Xiao-Rong Wang, Yi-Ming Zeng, Dai-Shun Liu, Qing Xue, Jia-Shu Li, Ke Hu, Ya-Li Zheng, Zhan-Cheng Gao
Summary: This study found that patients aged ≥65 years, male, with comorbid diabetes, and presenting with cough and/or diarrhea upon admission were at a higher risk for severe COVID-19. Further stratification analysis showed that male patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severe COVID-19, highlighting the importance of close monitoring for these high-risk individuals.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Takahisa Mikami, Hirotaka Miyashita, Takayuki Yamada, Matthew Harrington, Daniel Steinberg, Andrew Dunn, Evan Siau
Summary: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mortality in 6493 patients with COVID-19 in New York City. The study found that age over 50, male sex, hypotension, tachypnea, hypoxia, impaired renal function, elevated D-dimer, and elevated troponin were associated with increased in-hospital mortality, while hydroxychloroquine use was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aziza Kantri, Jihane Ziati, Mohamed Khalis, Amal Haoudar, Karim El Aidaoui, Youssef Daoudi, Inas Chikhaoui, Khalid El Yamani, Mohammed Mouhaoui, Jalila El Bakkouri, Nezha Dini, Mohammed Mahi, Abdelhamid Naitlho, Abdelkrim Bahlaoui, Ahmed Bennana, Mustapha Noussair, Lahcen Belyamani, Chafik El Kettani
Summary: This study critically analyzed the clinical and biological characteristics of 134 patients from the North African Mediterranean region with COVID-19, finding that factors such as age, comorbidities, gender, and infection type were associated with disease progression to a severe state. Abnormalities in certain parameters were closely linked to disease deterioration.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Armin N. Flinspach, Hendrik Booke, Kai Zacharowski, Uemniye Balaban, Eva Herrmann, Elisabeth H. Adam
Summary: The study analyzed the use of sedatives in critically ill COVID-19 patients and found that age, vv-ECMO therapy, and additional organ failure were factors influencing sedation needs.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefanie M. Bader, James P. Cooney, Marc Pellegrini, Marcel Doerflinger
Summary: Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, there is still much to learn about the disease pathogenesis. Inflammation and cell death are believed to play crucial roles in severe pathology, making them potential targets for COVID-19 therapeutics. This review summarizes the current understanding of programmed cell death pathways in COVID-19 and highlights key questions that need to be addressed. It also discusses the rationale for targeting cell death as a potential treatment and provides an overview of current therapeutics that could enter clinical trials in the near future.
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Emma J. J. Kooistra, Kilian Dahm, Antonius E. E. van Herwaarden, Jelle Gerretsen, Melanie Nuesch Germano, Karoline Mauer, Ruben L. L. Smeets, Sjef van der Velde, Maarten J. W. van den Berg, Johannes G. G. van der Hoeven, Anna C. C. Aschenbrenner, Joachim L. L. Schultze, Thomas Ulas, Matthijs Kox, Peter Pickkers
Summary: This study found that COVID-19 patients who develop pulmonary fibrosis exhibit activated coagulation, inflammation, and neutrophil extracellular trap-related pathways, as well as prolonged ICU length-of-stay and higher mortality. Early dexamethasone treatment does not influence the incidence or clinical course of pulmonary fibrosis or clinical outcomes.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Larissa E. van Eijk, Mathijs Binkhorst, Arno R. Bourgonje, Annette K. Offringa, Douwe J. Mulder, Eelke M. Bos, Nikola Kolundzic, Amaal E. Abdulle, Peter H. J. van der Voort, Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert, Johannes G. van der Hoeven, Wilfred F. A. den Dunnen, Jan-Luuk Hillebrands, Harry van Goor
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a complex viral disease with varying symptoms, understanding its immunopathology and developing effective treatment strategies are crucial. Pathological observations provide valuable insights, current management strategies include supportive care and drug therapy.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marwa O. Elgendy, Mohamed N. Abd Elmawla, Ahmed M. Abdel Hamied, Sara O. El Gendy, Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim
Summary: The study found that participants had a high awareness of COVID-19 quarantine instructions, especially in terms of not leaving the house until the end of the self-isolation period, maintaining household cleanliness and ventilation, having a balanced diet, and using vitamins for immunity. They also recognized the important role of the media in disseminating COVID-19 information, but were not satisfied with the hospital services in their area.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Francesca F. Norman, Clara Crespillo-Andujar, Jose Antonio Perez-Molina, Belen Comeche, Sandra Chamorro, Begona Monge-Maillo, Santiago Moreno-Guillen, Rogelio Lopez-Velez
Summary: This study analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to a referral center in Madrid, Spain, based on their geographical origin. The results showed that non-European patients, primarily Latin Americans, were younger, had a higher ICU admission rate, and lower mortality rate compared to European patients.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chenlu Huang, Ling Fei, Weixia Li, Wei Xu, Xudong Xie, Qiang Li, Liang Chen
Summary: A retrospective study using propensity score matching found that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy did not provide additional benefits beyond standard treatment for non-severe COVID-19 patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tufan Arslanca, Cihan Fidan, Mine Daggez, Polat Dursun
Summary: The study found that the knowledge level of healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 was generally high, but there was a lack of competence in terms of preventive behaviors, especially among males.
Article
Neurosciences
Antonella Marino Gammazza, Vincenzo Restivo, Roberta Baschi, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto, Angelo B. Cefalu, Giulia Accardi, Everly Conway de Macario, Alberto J. L. Macario, Francesco Cappello, Roberto Monastero
Summary: Molecular chaperones play key roles in neurodegenerative diseases, with higher levels of Hsp60 and Hsp70 found in AD patients, while lower levels of Hsp90 were observed in both aMCI and AD. However, these findings lost significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons, indicating the need for further studies with larger populations.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Domenico Amato, Giosue Lo Bosco, Raffaele Giancarlo
Summary: Learned Indexes use a model to restrict the search range of a sorted table, and using the SOSD benchmarking software, this study demonstrates that k-ary search is more efficient in certain computer architectures. This research provides guidelines for selecting the search routine within the learned indexing framework.
SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Musial, Narcyz Knap, Renata Zaucha, Paulina Bastian, Giampaolo Barone, Giosue Lo Bosco, Fabrizio Lo-Celso, Lucyna Konieczna, Mariusz Belka, Tomasz Baczek, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Alicja Kuban-Jankowska, Francesco Cappello, Stephan Nussberger, Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
Summary: Research shows that 2-ME can inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells and increase protein palmitoylation and oxidative stress phenomena. Through metabolomics analysis of blood serum, 2-ME can be used as a selective tumor biomarker in specific types of lung cancer. In addition, computational analysis suggests that 2-ME has relatively safe bioactivity in healthy human cells.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leila Noori, Kamila Filip, Zohreh Nazmara, Simin Mahakizadeh, Gholamreza Hassanzadeh, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto, Fabio Bucchieri, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Francesco Cappello, Maciej Wnuk, Federica Scalia
Summary: Many neurodegenerative disorders are caused by the abnormal aggregation of misfolded proteins, which can self-replicate, transmit between cells, and induce the same protein in nearby cells. The distribution and toxicity of these accumulated proteins are involved in the progression of nervous system degeneration. Molecular chaperones help maintain protein stability and eliminate misfolded proteins, but their efficiency declines with age, leading to the development of neurological disorders. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in cellular communication and can transport disease-causing entities, contributing to the spread of damage in neurodegeneration. However, EVs also show potential in delivering therapeutic factors to the nervous system and can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review discusses the inefficiency of chaperone systems and the role of EVs in neurodegeneration, their potential as diagnostic biomarkers, and a promising EV-based therapeutic approach.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica Scalia, Giosue Lo Bosco, Letizia Paladino, Alessandra Maria Vitale, Leila Noori, Everly Conway de Macario, Alberto J. L. Macario, Fabio Bucchieri, Francesco Cappello, Fabrizio Lo Celso
Summary: Mutations in genes encoding molecular chaperones, such as the CCT genes, have been linked to rare neurodegenerative disorders. This study investigated the impact of two specific mutations in the CCT5 gene on conformational changes and physicochemical properties. The findings suggest that these mutations alter the protein-binding capacity of the CCT5 variants, potentially affecting both hetero- and/or homo-oligomeric complexes. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the distinct phenotypes caused by these mutations, and to explore the prevalence of CCT chaperonopathies in patients with neuropathies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biology
Giorgia Intili, Letizia Paladino, Francesca Rappa, Giusi Alberti, Alice Plicato, Federica Calabro, Alberto Fucarino, Francesco Cappello, Fabio Bucchieri, Giovanni Tomasello, Francesco Carini, Alessandro Pitruzzella
Summary: This paper analyzes the correlations between gut microbiota (GM) and various neurodegenerative processes, focusing on the effects of GM dysbiosis on the human nervous system. Alterations in the communication between the microbiota and nervous cell populations can lead to pathological conditions. The review describes the connection between intestinal microbiome alterations (dysbiosis) and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, exploring mechanisms such as the gut-brain axis, mitochondrial pathways, adaptive humoral immunity, and microvesicular pathways. These pathways represent potential therapeutic targets against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pavel Burko, Giuseppa D'Amico, Ilia Miltykh, Federica Scalia, Everly Conway de Macario, Alberto J. L. Macario, Giuseppe Giglia, Francesco Cappello, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
Summary: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and treatment-resistant primary brain tumor with high anaplasia and proliferation. Factors contributing to radioresistance include stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, chaperone system, non-coding RNAs, DNA repair, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs show promise as diagnostic tools and nanodevices for targeted delivery of anticancer agents. Personalized medicine may involve isolating EVs from a GBM patient, modifying them to have anticancer properties, and reinjecting them.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Celeste Caruso Bavisotto, Alessia Provenzano, Rosa Passantino, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Francesco Cappello, Pier Luigi San Biagio, Donatella Bulone
Summary: Similar to GroEL, Hsp60 is a folding machine that can stabilize aggregation-prone molecules by a holding-like mechanism. This study investigated the relationship between the oligomeric conformation of Hsp60 and its ability to inhibit fibrillization of Ab40 peptide.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Letizia Paladino, Radha Santonocito, Giuseppa Graceffa, Calogero Cipolla, Alessandro Pitruzzella, Daniela Cabibi, Francesco Cappello, Everly Conway de Macario, Alberto J. L. Macario, Fabio Bucchieri, Francesca Rappa
Summary: This study investigated the expression of the chaperone system in different types of thyroid cancer and found that the molecular chaperones Hsp27, Hsp60, and Hsp90 have different levels and distribution patterns in different tumors, which can be used to distinguish these tumors.
Review
Cell Biology
Giuseppa D'Amico, Radha Santonocito, Alessandra Maria Vitale, Federica Scalia, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Claudia Campanella, Fabio Bucchieri, Francesco Cappello, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
Summary: Air pollution has become a growing problem, negatively impacting society and causing various health-related issues. Despite knowing the types and levels of pollutants, the molecular mechanisms by which they affect the human body are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs carried by extracellular vesicles may play a crucial role in regulating gene expression in response to pollution-induced multiorgan disorders. This review highlights the involvement of extracellular vesicle-transported non-coding RNAs in physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases caused by environmental stressors.
Review
Biology
Federica Scalia, Everly Conway de Macario, Giuseppe Bonaventura, Francesco Cappello, Alberto J. L. Macario
Summary: Genetic chaperonopathies are rare diseases that are often misdiagnosed due to a lack of awareness among medical practitioners. Educating the medical community about these diseases and conducting research to understand their mechanisms is necessary. This review focuses on skeletal muscle abnormalities caused by a mutation in the chaperonin protein CCT5, highlighting the need for further studies on mutant chaperones in humans. The identified abnormalities suggest defective chaperoning and potentially other pathogenic pathways, and biochemical and genetic analyses can help uncover the underlying mechanisms and guide diagnosis and treatment development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruno Brandimarte, Lino Di Rienzo Businco, Francesco Cappello, Roberto Fiore, Giuseppe Bastone, Gianfranco Gualdi, Saadi Sollaku, Emanuele Casciani, Federica Tortorella, Pasquale Longo, Eleonora Centanini, Silva Pavaci, Federica Sangiuolo, Maria Patrizia Patrizi, Shane Miersch, Sachdev S. Sidhu, Virgilio Sacchini, Giuseppe Novelli
Summary: The currently available nebulization devices have limitations in aerosol flow and droplet size. To address this issue, a novel system using high-frequency ultrasound and thermal induction to vaporize pharmaceutical substances dissolved in liquids has been developed. This article introduces the technology, verification tests, and applications of this device, highlighting the advantages of both the aerosol delivery system and the administration system.
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Antonino D'Alessandro, Andrea Di Benedetto, Giosue Lo Bosco, Anna Figlioli
Summary: This work introduces an active learning approach to improve the classification of seismo-volcanic events, particularly explosion quakes, using a random forest classifier. Human intervention is involved to annotate uncertain data, resulting in improved probability distribution of events after intervention.
2022 IEEE CONFERENCE ON EVOLVING AND ADAPTIVE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (IEEE EAIS 2022)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mariella Farella, Giuseppe Chiazzese, Giosue Lo Bosco
Summary: This paper proposes the design of an avatar system with question-answering capabilities for immersive navigation of cultural heritage sites. The system utilizes technologies like Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Artificial Intelligence to enhance user experience.
2022 IEEE 21ST MEDITERRANEAN ELECTROTECHNICAL CONFERENCE (IEEE MELECON 2022)
(2022)