Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Akash Raut, Anjila Thapa, Ashish Shrestha, Kamal Saud, Reema Rajbhandari, Shailendra Katwal
Summary: Although sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is rare and challenging to diagnose early, meticulous clinical examination, electroencephalography, and neuroimaging findings can aid in diagnosis.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Christopher A. Denaro, Yara Haloush, Samuel Y. Hsiao, John J. Orgera, Teresa Osorio, Lindsey M. Riggs, Joshua W. Sassaman, Sarah A. Williams, Anthony R. Monte Carlo, Renata T. Da Costa, Andrey Grigoriev, Maria E. Solesio
Summary: There is a significant lack of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms and long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, especially its effects on the central nervous system and neurodegenerative disorders.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Regina R. Reimann, Martina Puzio, Antonella Rosati, Marc Emmenegger, Bernard L. Schneider, Pamela Valdes, Danzhi Huang, Amedeo Caflisch, Adriano Aguzzi
Summary: The cellular prion protein PrPC mediates neurotoxicity of prions and protein aggregates, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Antibody-derived ligands against PrPC induce neurotoxicity through hydrogen bonding and suppressing this bond prolongs the lives of prion-infected mice, suggesting convergent pathways. A study found that the toxic effects of these ligands require a specific amino acid residue within PrPC, which could be a potential target for preventing prion-related neurodegeneration.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alessandra Calculli, Tommaso Bocci, Mattia Porcino, Micol Avenali, Chiara Casellato, Sebastiano Arceri, Simone Regalbuto, Alberto Priori, Antonio Pisani
Summary: This case series describes six patients who developed Parkinson's disease after COVID-19 infection. The average time window for developing PD after SARS-CoV-2 infection was 4-7 weeks. There was no apparent relationship with COVID-19 severity and no structural brain abnormalities were found. All patients experienced unilateral resting tremor and responded well to dopaminergic treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Asad Jan, Nadia Pereira Goncalves, Christian Bjerggaard Vaegter, Poul Henning Jensen, Nelson Ferreira
Summary: The pathological aggregation of presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein and its propagation through synaptically coupled neuroanatomical tracts are believed to underlie the progression of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. Understanding the mechanisms of alpha-synuclein propagation may provide insights into the etiology of PD and identify new therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sheila Veronese, Andrea Sbarbati
Summary: COVID-19 induced by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to an increase in chemosensory dysfunctions among patients, with olfactory and gustatory symptoms potentially crucial in halting the spread of the infection. The recognition of these dysfunctions as prognostic symptoms of serious neurodegenerative diseases has heightened alertness and attention in the medical community, with many aspects still requiring clarification through further research.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tuane C. R. G. Vieira, Caroline A. Barros, Renato Domingues, Tiago Fleming Outeiro
Summary: The discovery of prions challenges dogmas and revolutionizes our understanding of protein-misfolding diseases. The concept of self-propagation via protein conformational changes applies to other proteins, such as alpha-synuclein, in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. The transfer of alpha-synuclein between cells may involve receptor-mediated transport, with the cellular prion protein playing a crucial role. Understanding the interaction between alpha-synuclein and the cellular prion protein is important for synucleinopathies.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hasier Erana, Beatriz San Millan, Carlos M. Diaz-Dominguez, Jorge M. Charco, Rosa Rodriguez, Irene Vieitez, Arrate Pereda, Rosa Yanez, Marivi Geijo, Carmen Navarro, Guiomar Perez de Nanclares, Susana Teijeira, Joaquin Castilla
Summary: Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) is a rare neurodegenerative illness caused by pathogenic alterations in the prion protein (PrP) coding gene, leading to the formation of toxic prions and showing variability in clinical and neuropathological manifestations.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Jiyan Ma, Jingjing Zhang, Runchuan Yan
Summary: The generation of recombinant prions has provided valuable insights into the characteristics and effects of prions. Recombinant prions can exist in various misfolded conformations and have different outcomes when inoculated into wild-type animals. The ability to seed alone is not sufficient to determine prion activity, as authentic prions need to be both heritable and pathogenic. Research on recombinant prions is important for understanding the pathogenesis of prion diseases and the role of misfolded proteins in other neurodegenerative disorders.
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel Ojeda-Juarez, Jessica A. Lawrence, Katrin Soldau, Donald P. Pizzo, Emily Wheeler, Patricia Aguilar-Calvo, Helen Khuu, Joy Chen, Adela Malik, Gail Funk, Percival Nam, Henry Sanchez, Michael D. Geschwind, Chengbiao Wu, Gene W. Yeo, Xu Chen, Gentry N. Patrick, Christina J. Sigurdson
Summary: Synapse dysfunction and loss are central features of neurodegenerative diseases, and PrP protein oligomers play a role in this process. This study found that during the pre-clinical stages of prion disease, specific genes were upregulated and changes in synaptic signaling occurred, such as increased phosphorylated AMPA receptors and reduced metabotropic glutamate receptors.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Narjes Baazaoui, Khalid Iqbal
Summary: COVID-19 may lead to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in patients with severe neurological symptoms. Severe inflammatory reactions and aging are common links between neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE-2 as a receptor to enter host cells, suggesting a potential relationship between neurodegenerative diseases, ACE-2 expression, and susceptibility to COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shiek S. S. J. Ahmed, Prabu Paramasivam, Manjunath Kamath, Ashutosh Sharma, Sophie Rome, Ram Murugesan
Summary: The global chaos caused by the pandemic of novel coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, has led to reports of neurological symptoms and potential acceleration of neurodegenerative diseases. This may be accomplished through the transport of exosomes from the lungs to the brain, regulating genes associated with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bryan A. Killinger, Lee L. Marshall, Diptaman Chatterjee, Yaping Chu, Jose Bras, Rita Guerreiro, Jeffrey H. Kordower
Summary: This study used biotinylation by antibody recognition (BAR) to label pathological alpha-synuclein and performed mass spectrometry analysis on Lewy pathology (LP). It identified 261 enriched proteins in synucleinopathy brains and revealed PD as the most significant pathway. BAR has the potential to help understand LP in primary human tissue and animal models.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Arpine Sokratian, Julia Ziaee, Kaela Kelly, Allison Chang, Nicole Bryant, Shijie Wang, Enquan Xu, Joshua Y. Li, Shih-Hsiu Wang, John Ervin, Sandip M. Swain, Rodger A. Liddle, Andrew B. West
Summary: This study developed a new method to measure alpha-synuclein fibril-templating activity and found heterogeneity in fibril activity among patients with Lewy body dementia. Results indicated that quantitatively assessing fibril activities in cerebrospinal fluid can help stratify patient populations and measure therapeutic responses.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sara Redensek Trampuz, David Vogrinc, Katja Goricar, Vita Dolzan
Summary: A study has identified common miRNAs between COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting the potential of miRNAs such as hsa-miR-34a, hsa-miR-132, and hsa-miR-155 as biomarkers. These miRNAs could be used for predicting neurodegeneration risk in COVID-19 patients and exploring them as potential drug targets or regulators of shared pathways.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
David L. Perez, Alessandro Biffi, Joan A. Camprodon, David N. Caplan, Zeina Chemali, Michael D. Kritzer, Lauren R. Moo, Amy L. Newhouse, Liliana Ramirez-Gomez, Mahdi Razafsha, Kaloyan S. Tanev, Jeremy D. Schmahmann
COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Mark G. Vangel, Franziska Hoche, Xavier Guell, Janet C. Sherman
Article
Neurosciences
Brandon Oubre, Jean-Francois Daneault, Kallie Whritenour, Nergis C. Khan, Christopher D. Stephen, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Sunghoon Ivan Lee, Anoopum S. Gupta
Summary: This study analyzes sub-second movement profiles to extract characteristics of ataxia and trains machine learning models to objectively quantify ataxia severity. Movement decomposition reveals both expected and novel features of the ataxia phenotype, including distance, speed, duration, morphology, and temporal relationships of movements.
Article
Clinical Neurology
N. Adra, A. E. Goodheart, O. Rapalino, P. Caruso, S. S. Mukerji, R. G. Gonzalez, N. Venna, J. D. Schmahmann
Summary: The MR imaging shrimp sign is a new radiologic marker with excellent sensitivity and specificity for cerebellar progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, identified in patients with cerebellar white matter lesions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Vrutangkumar V. Shah, Roberto Rodriguez-Labrada, Fay B. Horak, James McNames, Hannah Casey, Kyra Hansson Floyd, Mahmoud El-Gohary, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Liana S. Rosenthal, Susan Perlman, Luis Velazquez-Perez, Christopher M. Gomez
Summary: This study identified gait variability as the most discriminative feature of SCA, with measures like toe-out angle and double-support time variability showing high sensitivity and specificity. These variability measures were also correlated with disease severity, suggesting their potential utility as clinical trial outcome measures for both manifest and prodromal SCAs.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Samantha Pierce, Jason MacMore, Gilbert J. L'Italien
Summary: The study developed a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure of Ataxia through online surveys completed by ataxia patients, scored on a 0-4 Likert scale. The measurement showed high internal consistency and reliability, and was sensitive to ataxia severity. It was significantly associated with measures of ataxia, quality of life, and mental health.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Holger Hengel, Peter Martus, Jennifer Faber, Hector Garcia-Moreno, Nita Solanky, Paola Giunti, Thomas Klockgether, Kathrin Reetz, Bart P. van de Warrenburg, Luis Pereira de Almeida, Magda M. Santana, Cristina Januario, Patrick Silva, Andreas Thieme, Jon Infante, Jeroen de Vries, Manuela Lima, Ana F. Ferreira, Khalaf Bushara, Heike Jacobi, Chiadi Onyike, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Jeannette Huebener-Schmid, Matthis Synofzik, Ludger Schoels
Summary: The study found that patients with SCA3 had lower levels of physical activity and alcohol consumption compared to controls. Less physical activity and alcohol abstinence were associated with more severe disease, but did not affect disease progression rates or age of onset.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Chao J. Liu, William Ammon, Viviana Siless, Morgan Fogarty, Ruopeng Wang, Alessia Atzeni, Iman Aganj, Juan Eugenio Iglesias, Lilla Zollei, Bruce Fischl, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Hui Wang
Summary: The study utilized as-PSOCT to reconstruct human cerebellar tissue, revealing significant variability in granular layer thickness among individuals, while optical properties remained consistent within the same subjects. The high-resolution volumetric morphometry and optical property maps obtained through as-PSOCT have the potential to advance our understanding of cerebellar function and diseases.
Article
Clinical Neurology
He Zhou, Hung Nguyen, Ana Enriquez, Louie Morsy, Michael Curtis, Timothy Piser, Christopher Kenney, Christopher D. Stephen, Anoopum S. Gupta, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Ashkan Vaziri
Summary: The study utilized wearable sensors to objectively measure motor impairment in SCA patients during gait and balance assessments, distinguishing them from healthy controls. Linear regression models demonstrated moderate-to-strong correlation with SARA and BARS2 scores.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Biographical-Item
Neurosciences
Jeremy D. Schmahmann
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicole M. Eklund, Jessey Ouillon, Vineet Pandey, Christopher D. Stephen, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Jeremy Edgerton, Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Anoopum S. Gupta
Summary: This study tested the use of wearable sensors and a computer mouse task as reliable and meaningful motor measures for potential use in clinical trials. The results showed that these measures were strongly correlated with patient function and ataxia rating scales, indicating their potential as sensitive motor outcome measures.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Jeremy D. Schmahmann
Summary: The cerebellum plays a role in cognition and emotion, in addition to motor control. Clinical observations and studies have shown its connectivity with various brain areas involved in autonomic control, sensorimotor integration, vestibular function, and emotions. Understanding the cerebellum's involvement in cognition and emotion is crucial for studying higher order deficits and neuropsychiatric disorders related to cerebellar diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Michele H. Potashman, Miranda L. Mize, Melissa W. Beiner, Samantha Pierce, Vladimir Coric, Jeremy D. Schmahmann
Summary: This study created a concept library of symptoms and activities impacted by ataxia based on surveys and cognitive debrief data. These concepts were then mapped onto 4 clinical measures of ataxia, showing that ataxia rating scales reflect patient reported symptoms and impact of illness. The results validate the relevance of these scales and emphasize the importance of considering multiple items to represent the totality of the patient experience.
Article
Neurosciences
Eithan Kotkowski, Larry R. Price, Cheasequah J. Blevins, Crystal G. Franklin, Mary D. Woolsey, Ralph A. DeFronzo, John Blangero, Ravindranath Duggirala, David C. Glahn, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Peter T. Fox
Summary: The posterior cerebellum is the most affected brain region in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cognitive decline in MetS patients is likely related to posterior cerebellar atrophy. The study found a significant correlation between TBSS fractional anisotropy values from DTI and adapted SSS psychometric scores in individuals with MetS, suggesting the potential use of SSS in assessing cognitive and neuroanatomical effects associated with MetS. Future research on neurocognitive effects of MetS and related comorbidities could benefit from further exploring the validity of the SSS in this patient population.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Mark G. Vangel, Franziska Hoche, Xavier Guell, Janet C. Sherman
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
