Review
Immunology
Stella Amarachi Ihim, Sharafudeen Dahiru Abubakar, Zeineb Zian, Takanori Sasaki, Mohammad Saffarioun, Shayan Maleknia, Gholamreza Azizi
Summary: IL-18, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a crucial role in various autoimmune diseases. Drugs targeting IL-18 have shown partial effectiveness or complete ineffectiveness in clinical studies, possibly due to the involvement of other cytokines and proteins in the inflammatory signaling pathway along with IL-18.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Krista M. Pullen, Caroline Atyeo, Ai-Ris Y. Collier, Kathryn J. Gray, Mandy B. Belfort, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Andrea G. Edlow, Galit Alter
Summary: Antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 are present in breastmilk, with IgA and IgM being the dominant types transferred from maternal serum. The antibodies in breastmilk show distinct functional characteristics compared to those in serum, indicating a selective transfer process for certain functional antibodies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thiago M. Oliveira, Michael E. Billington, Raghu R. Seethala, Peter C. Hou, Reza Askari, Imoigele P. Aisiku, USIITG CIOS Investigators
Summary: This study examines the prevalence of blood transfusion protocols for neurologically vs. non-neurologically injured patients in US ICUs. The use of restrictive transfusion protocols differs between patients with CNS and non-CNS diagnoses, but there is no difference in the use of massive transfusion protocols.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Bridge, Udo Wegmann, Jason C. C. Crack, Kate Orman, Saher A. A. Shaikh, William Farndon, Carlo Martins, Gerhard Saalbach, Amit Sachdeva
Summary: Designing biomolecules with dual photoactivity and photoreactivity remains a challenge. Researchers achieved this by incorporating photocaged tyrosine (pcY) for photoactivity and p-benzoyl-?-phenylalanine (Bpa) for photoreactivity into an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting antibody fragment, 7D12. They identified a position for incorporating Bpa that had minimal effect on the binding affinity of 7D12 to EGFR. Upon exposure to 365-nm light, this mutant of 7D12 can specifically bind to and form a covalent bond with EGFR.
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Panoraia Siafaka, Mehmet Evren Okur, Pelin Dilsiz Erim, Emre Sefik Caglar, Emre Ozgenc, Evren Gundogdu, Rabia Edibe Parlar Koprulu, Ioannis D. Karantas, Neslihan Ustundag Okur
Summary: Neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people annually with no approved pharmacological approach for complete treatment. Recent studies suggest potential for reverting damaged adult brain cells and developing more efficient therapeutic strategies.
Article
Spectroscopy
Mahendra K. Shukla, Philippa Wilkes, Norma Bargary, Katherine Meagher, Dikshitkumar Khamar, Donal Bailey, Sarah P. Hudson
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific and effective therapies for chronic diseases. However, traditional identification methods for therapeutic proteins have limitations such as lengthy sample preparation, contamination risks, and sample destruction. In this study, Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to develop a rapid and non-destructive identification technique for monoclonal antibody-based drug substances, demonstrating its potential in the biopharmaceutical industry.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gang Wu, Chuanfei Yu, Wenbo Wang, Jialiang Du, Zhihao Fu, Gangling Xu, Meng Li, Lan Wang
Summary: Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) and ion exchange chromatography (IEX) are routinely used for charge variant analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, icIEF-MS and strong cation exchange (SCX)-MS were compared, and it was found that icIEF-MS outperformed SCX-MS in terms of sensitivity, carryover effect, protein identification, and separation resolution.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emanuele Andreano, Ida Paciello, Giulia Piccini, Noemi Manganaro, Piero Pileri, Inesa Hyseni, Margherita Leonardi, Elisa Pantano, Valentina Abbiento, Linda Benincasa, Ginevra Giglioli, Concetta De Santi, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Ilaria Rancan, Mario Tumbarello, Francesca Montagnani, Claudia Sala, Emanuele Montomoli, Rino Rappuoli
Summary: Research suggests that individuals who have been infected or vaccinated for the first time will produce antibodies with increased potency and breadth, allowing for better control of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andreas H. Laustsen, Victor Greiff, Aneesh Karatt-Vellatt, Serge Muyldermans, Timothy P. Jenkins
Summary: The debate on the benefits and drawbacks of antibody discovery through animal immunization versus in vitro selection from nonanimal-derived recombinant repertoires has persisted for years. While some argue that using recombinant display libraries can reduce animal consumption, the number of animals sacrificed during preclinical studies far exceeds those used in immunization campaigns. Therefore, improving quality control before in vivo studies will have a larger impact on animal consumption. Both animal immunization and recombinant repertoires offer unique advantages for discovering fit-for-purpose antibodies. Additionally, machine learning is expected to play a significant role in refining current antibody discovery practices.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabiola Vacca, Claudia Sala, Rino Rappuoli
Summary: Monoclonal antibody therapy has significant potential in the pharmaceutical field, particularly in combating antibiotic resistance in bacteria. However, there is a need for further improvement in the efficacy of antibacterial monoclonal antibodies.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edith L. Graham, Jeffrey R. Clark, Zachary S. Orban, Patrick H. Lim, April L. Szymanski, Carolyn Taylor, Rebecca M. DiBiase, Dan Tong Jia, Roumen Balabanov, Sam U. Ho, Ayush Batra, Eric M. Liotta, Igor J. Koralnik
Summary: This study investigated the neurologic manifestations in non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers, revealing prominent symptoms such as brain fog and fatigue which negatively affect their cognition and quality of life.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Mary Garvey
Summary: This passage introduces the importance of biologics in medical research and the definition of biologics. It also describes in detail the application and advantages of eukaryotic expression systems in the production of biologics.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Trygve Holmoy, Rune Alexander Hoglund, Zsolt Illes, Kjell-Morten Myhr, Oivind Torkildsen
Summary: For NMOSD patients, monoclonal antibodies that deplete B cells or interfere with interleukin 6 signaling have superior efficacy compared to placebo; Rituximab, tocilizumab, and to some extent eculizumab have well-known safety profiles; Rituximab and azathioprine may be safe during pregnancy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Susanna Esposito, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Matteo Bassetti, Francesco Blasi, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Natasha B. Halasa, Ivan Hung, Albert Osterhaus, Tina Tan, Juan Pablo Torres, Antonio Vena, Nicola Principi
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) are effective and safe proteins produced in the laboratory that target specific epitopes of viruses or bacterial pathogens. In this paper, the characteristics of licensed and advanced-stage developed mABs for prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases are discussed. While mABs have shown efficacy in treating infections, their greater effectiveness lies in prevention and early post-exposure treatment. In the absence of vaccines for many infectious diseases, mABs can be an attractive option, especially in emergency situations and when facing multidrug-resistant strains.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Savino Sciascia, Maria Letizia Antonietta Rilat, Roberta Fenoglio, Silvia Grazietta Foddai, Massimo Radin, Irene Cecchi, Giacoma Cinnirella, Paola Crosasso, Maria Gabriella Guidetti, Alice Barinotti, Simone Baldovino, Elisa Menegatti, Dario Roccatello
Summary: This study analyzed the safety and efficacy of tixagevimab/cilgavimab for pre-exposure prophylaxis in patients with glomerular diseases who received rituximab. The findings showed that tixagevimab/cilgavimab reduced the risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection by approximately 40% and had a good safety profile.
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Angelo Ghezzi, Brenda Banwell, Amit Bar-Or, Tanuja Chitnis, Russell C. Dale, Mark Gorman, Barbara Kornek, Lauren Krupp, Kristen M. Krysko, Margherita Nosadini, Kevin Rostasy, Jonatan Salzer, Teri Schreiner, Silvia Tenembaum, Emmanuelle Waubant
Summary: This paper discusses the use of rituximab in pediatric multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system, aiming to establish a protocol for its clinical practice, including dosage, administration interval, treatment duration, and necessary tests for baseline and follow-up evaluations.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bardia Nourbakhsh, Nisha Revirajan, Bridget Morris, Christian Cordano, Jennifer Creasman, Michael Manguinao, Kristen Krysko, Alice Rutatangwa, Caroline Auvray, Salman Aljarallah, Chengshi Jin, Ellen Mowry, Charles McCulloch, Emmanuelle Waubant
Summary: The study compared the efficacy of amantadine, modafinil, and methylphenidate in alleviating fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. Results showed that none of the medications were superior to placebo in improving fatigue and had more frequent adverse events.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kristen M. Krysko, Annika Anderson, Jessica Singh, Kira McPolin, Alice Rutatangwa, William Rowles, A. Dessa Sadovnick, Maria K. Houtchens, Riley Bove
Summary: The prevalence of peripartum depression in women with multiple sclerosis appears to be similar to the general population, with factors such as older age, primiparity, pre-pregnancy depression, sleep disturbance, and breastfeeding difficulty associated with higher risk. Prospective studies are needed to further explore the impact of peripartum depression on self-management in multiple sclerosis and offspring development.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Riley Bove, Annika Anderson, William Rowles, Kelsey A. Rankin, Nancy K. Hills, Mia Carleton, Joanna Cooper, Bruce A. C. Cree, Jeffrey M. Gelfand, Jennifer S. Graves, Roland G. Henry, Kristen M. Krysko, Gillian Rush, Scott S. Zamvil, Hadine Joffe, Jonah R. Chan, Ari J. Green
Summary: Most women develop multiple sclerosis (MS) before menopause. Menopausal hot flashes can worsen MS symptoms, and hormone therapy may help alleviate them. This study evaluated the feasibility and symptom response of Duavee (R) in peri/postmenopausal women with MS and hot flashes. Results showed greater satisfaction and fewer missed doses in the treatment group, but no statistically significant differences in symptom improvement between the treatment and placebo groups.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Raeesa Faisthalab, Suganthi Suppiah, Morna Dorsey, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Joseph Icenogle, Ludmila Perelygina
Summary: A strong association between rubella virus and chronic granulomas in individuals with inborn errors of immunity has been confirmed. The antiviral drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) was highly effective against both the RA27/3 vaccine and wild-type RuV strains in vitro. However, NTZ treatment as a salvage therapy did not improve cutaneous granulomas associated with RuV in patients. Investigation of treatment failures in two ataxia-telangiectasia patients revealed that live immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived rubella viruses (iVDRVs) were still present in granulomas before and after treatment, despite a reduction in RuV RNA. The low sensitivities of iVDRVs to NTZ were likely the cause of treatment failures, rather than the emergence of resistance.
Article
Immunology
Federica Forlanini, Alice Chan, Jasmeen Dara, Christopher C. Dvorak, Morton J. Cowan, Jennifer M. Puck, Morna J. Dorsey
Summary: This study reviewed HSCTs for PID patients performed at UCSF from 2007 to 2018, and found that knowing the genetic diagnosis of patients before HSCT can improve the graft failure rate and 5-year survival rate.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Immunology
Morna J. Dorsey, Arye Rubinstein, Heather Lehman, Tracy Fausnight, Joseph M. Wiley, Elie Haddad
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Morna J. J. Dorsey, Arye Rubinstein, Heather Lehman, Tracy Fausnight, Joseph M. M. Wiley, Elie Haddad
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEGylated recombinant bovine ADA ERT in patients with ADA-SCID. The results showed that elapegademase therapy was safe, well tolerated, and effective in maintaining metabolic detoxification and ADA activity, as well as improving lymphocyte counts.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sydney Lee, Alexandra Muccilli, Raphael Schneider, Daniel Selchen, Kristen M. Krysko
Summary: The study aims to describe the features of acute central nervous system inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination. The findings showed that 38 patients developed acute CNS inflammation within 60 days after receiving the vaccine, with the most common diagnoses being multiple sclerosis and post-vaccine transverse myelitis. Some patients received treatment and continued to receive COVID-19 vaccination, with the majority experiencing no new or worsening neurological symptoms.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
David E. Freedman, Kristen M. Krysko, Anthony Feinstein
Summary: This article aims to summarize the available literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), identify gaps in knowledge, and provide guidance for MS clinicians in addressing IPV.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Annika Anderson, William Rowles, Shane Poole, Ayushi Balan, Carolyn Bevan, Rachel Brandstadter, Andrea I. Ciplea, Joanna Cooper, Michelle Fabian, Thomas W. Hale, Dina Jacobs, Mihir Kakara, Kristen M. Krysko, Erin E. Longbrake, Jacqueline Marcus, Pavle Repovic, Claire S. Riley, Andrew R. Romeo, Alice Rutatangwa, Timothy West, Kerstin Hellwig, Sara C. LaHue, Riley Bove
Summary: This study examined the transfer of anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) into breastmilk and evaluated the outcomes for mothers with multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and their infants. The results showed minimal transfer of the antibodies into breastmilk, and postpartum treatment with the antibodies was found to be safe and well-tolerated for both mother and infant.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Social Work
Annika Anderson, Roberta Fox, Paul Jones, Rigaud Joseph, Wendi Witherell, Ashley Adams
Summary: In California, there are programs in the higher education system that provide supportive services for formerly incarcerated college students (FICS) facing challenges. However, there has been limited evaluation of the effectiveness of these programs. This mixed-methods study investigates the transition experiences of FICS, identifies characteristics of successful reentry programs, and explores the extent to which existing support programs meet their needs. Interviews with 18 FICS reveal the need for a wide range of campus services, while descriptive statistics indicate positive perceptions of campus support programs and a smooth transition for some participants.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Estelle Seyman, David Kim, Aditya Bharatha, Courtney Casserly, Kristen Krysko, Roy-Hewitson Chantal, Paula Alcaide-Leon, Suradech Suthiphosuwan, Jiwon Oh
Summary: This study aimed to assess the associations between sexual dysfunction (SD) and quantitative MRI measures in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The results showed no correlations between brain and spinal cord MRI measures and the severity of SD in pwMS. However, anxiety, depression, and fatigue were found to be independently associated with SD.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL-EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bridget LaMonica Ostrem, Annika Anderson, Sarah Conway, Brian C. Healy, Jiwon Oh, Dina Jacobs, Ruth Dobson, Edith Larmon Graham, A. Dessa Sadovnick, Vanessa Zimmerman, Yanqing Liu, Riley Bove, Maria Houtchens
Summary: Moderately to severely disabled women with MS have a lower risk of relapse during pregnancy, but a significant increase postpartum. Women with higher preconception EDSS have a greater risk of relapses and disability worsening postpartum.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL-EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL
(2022)