Engineered IL-21 Cytokine Muteins Fused to Anti-PD-1 Antibodies Can Improve CD8+ T Cell Function and Anti-tumor Immunity

A biparatopic agonistic antibody that mimics fibroblast growth factor 21 ligand activity

(2018) Sally Yu Shi et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Inhibitors of the PD-1 Pathway in Tumor Therapy

(2018) Martin W. LaFleur et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade

(2018) Antoni Ribas et al.   SCIENCE

Blockade of Treg Cell Differentiation and Function by the Interleukin-21-Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Axis Via Suppression of Autophagy in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

(2018) Hiroshi Kato et al.   Arthritis & Rheumatology

A phase II study of combined therapy with a BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib) and interleukin-2 (aldesleukin) in patients with metastatic melanoma

(2018) Meghan J. Mooradian et al.   OncoImmunology

Corrigendum: Immunoglobulin Fc Heterodimer Platform Technology: From Design to Applications in Therapeutic Antibodies and Proteins

(2017) Ji-Hee Ha et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Interleukin-21 combined with PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade enhances antitumor immunity in mouse tumor models

(2017) Katherine E. Lewis et al.   OncoImmunology

Cergutuzumab amunaleukin (CEA-IL2v), a CEA-targeted IL-2 variant-based immunocytokine for combination cancer immunotherapy: Overcoming limitations of aldesleukin and conventional IL-2-based immunocytokines

(2017) Christian Klein et al.   OncoImmunology

Combination immunotherapy: a road map

(2017) Patrick A. Ott et al.   Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

Modeling the receptor pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of NKTR-214, a kinetically-controlled interleukin-2 (IL2) receptor agonist for cancer immunotherapy

(2017) Deborah Charych et al.   PLoS One

NKTR-214, an Engineered Cytokine with Biased IL2 Receptor Binding, Increased Tumor Exposure, and Marked Efficacy in Mouse Tumor Models

(2016) D. H. Charych et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

Immunocytokines for cancer treatment: past, present and future

(2016) Dario Neri et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY

Therapeutic utility of the newly discovered properties of interleukin-21

(2016) E. Al-Chami et al.   CYTOKINE

Engineering an IgG Scaffold Lacking Effector Function with Optimized Developability

(2016) Frederick W. Jacobsen et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

T-Cell Therapy Using Interleukin-21–Primed Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphocytes Combined With Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Blockade Results in Long-Term Cell Persistence and Durable Tumor Regression

(2016) Aude G. Chapuis et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Combined IL-21–primed polyclonal CTL plus CTLA4 blockade controls refractory metastatic melanoma in a patient

(2016) Aude G. Chapuis et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Eradication of large established tumors in mice by combination immunotherapy that engages innate and adaptive immune responses

(2016) Kelly D Moynihan et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

IL-21 and T Cell Differentiation: Consider the Context

(2016) Yuan Tian et al.   TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Learning from PD-1 Resistance: New Combination Strategies

(2016) Xia Bu et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Role of IL-2 in cancer immunotherapy

(2016) Tao Jiang et al.   OncoImmunology

Immune Checkpoint Targeting in Cancer Therapy: Toward Combination Strategies with Curative Potential

(2015) Padmanee Sharma et al.   CELL

Interleukin-21 combined with ART reduces inflammation and viral reservoir in SIV-infected macaques

(2015) Luca Micci et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Antigen specificity can be irrelevant to immunocytokine efficacy and biodistribution

(2015) Alice Tzeng et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The future of immune checkpoint therapy

(2015) P. Sharma et al.   SCIENCE

IL-21 induces antiviral microRNA-29 in CD4 T cells to limit HIV-1 infection

(2015) Stanley Adoro et al.   Nature Communications

A Critical Role of IL-21-Induced BATF in Sustaining CD8-T-Cell-Mediated Chronic Viral Control

(2015) Gang Xin et al.   Cell Reports

The IL-2 cytokine family in cancer immunotherapy

(2014) Geok Choo Sim et al.   CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS

Interleukin-21: a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential

(2014) Rosanne Spolski et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

The Cytokines IL-21 and GM-CSF Have Opposing Regulatory Roles in the Apoptosis of Conventional Dendritic Cells

(2013) Chi-Keung Wan et al.   IMMUNITY

IL-2 therapy promotes suppressive ICOS+ Treg expansion in melanoma patients

(2013) Geok Choo Sim et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Crystal Structure of Interleukin-21 Receptor (IL-21R) Bound to IL-21 Reveals That Sugar Chain Interacting with WSXWS Motif Is Integral Part of IL-21R

(2012) Ole J. Hamming et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Exploiting a natural conformational switch to engineer an interleukin-2 ‘superkine’

(2012) Aron M. Levin et al.   NATURE

Dual biological effects of the cytokines interleukin-10 and interferon-γ

(2011) Cailin Moira Wilke et al.   CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY

Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy

(2011) Sylvia Lee et al.   Cancers

Clinical and Biological Efficacy of Recombinant Human Interleukin-21 in Patients with Stage IV Malignant Melanoma without Prior Treatment: A Phase IIa Trial

(2009) I. D. Davis et al.   CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

IL-2 and IL-21 confer opposing differentiation programs to CD8+ T cells for adoptive immunotherapy

(2008) C. S. Hinrichs et al.   BLOOD

Phase I Study of Recombinant Interleukin-21 in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma

(2008) John A. Thompson et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Interleukin-21: Basic Biology and Implications for Cancer and Autoimmunity

(2007) Rosanne Spolski et al.   Annual Review of Immunology