4.8 Article

Safety-by-Design of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Based on the Regulation of their Energy Edges

Journal

SMALL
Volume 16, Issue 21, Pages -

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907643

Keywords

energy edges; metal oxide nanoparticles; oxidative stress; safety-by-design

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [21573216, 21703232, 21777152]
  2. Science and Technology Development Project Foundation of Jilin Province [20160101304JC, 20180520145JH]

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The safety of metal oxide (MOx) nanoparticles (NPs) has been highly concerned because of their wide application and potential toxicological injury. The safe-by-design strategy is usually developed to make safer MOx NPs based on regulation of their physicochemical properties. In the present study, manganese oxide (Mn3O4) NPs, as a representative of insoluble toxic MOx NPs, are doped with a series of transition metal to regulate their conduction band energy (E-c) out of biological redox potential range (BRPR) or Fermi energy (E-f) far away from valence band energy (E-v), aiming at completely eliminating the toxicity or significantly reducing the toxicity. It is found that all these M-doping cannot move E-c of Mn3O4 NPs out of the BRPR but zinc (Zn)-, copper (Cu)-, and chromium (Cr)-doping do move E-f far away from E-v, where Zn-doping results in the largest |E-f - E-v| value. Various abiotic, in vitro and in vivo assessments reveal that Zn-, Cu-, and Cr-doped Mn3O4 NPs can generate lower amount of center dot OH and trigger weaker injury than Mn3O4 NPs, where Zn-doped Mn3O4 NPs show the lowest toxicity. Regulating E-f far away from E-v becomes a feasible safe-by-design approach to achieve safe MOx NPs.

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