Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yunlong Wang, Yihua Wang, Xiaopin Zhu, Yulong Ren, Hui Dong, Erchao Duan, Xuan Teng, Huanhuan Zhao, Rongbo Chen, Xiaoli Chen, Jie Lei, Hang Yang, Yunlu Tian, Liangming Chen, Xi Liu, Shijia Liu, Ling Jiang, Haiyang Wang, Jianmin Wan
Summary: This study investigates the effects of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis-related GUN mutants on nuclear and plastid gene expression in rice. The results show that the TPB-related GUN genes control retrograde plastid signaling by regulating the expression of plastid-encoded genes.
PLANT COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Emily Breeze, Philip M. Mullineaux
Summary: Chloroplasts respond to adverse environmental cues by activating chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling, with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) playing a crucial role in signal transduction. The close association between chloroplasts and the nucleus, as well as the physical contact between chloroplasts and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), may facilitate H2O2 transportation and the modulation of signal transduction by different environmental cues.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jennifer Prautsch, Jessica Lee Erickson, Sedef Oezyuerek, Rahel Gormanns, Lars Franke, Yang Lu, Jolina Marx, Frederik Niemeyer, Jane E. Parker, Johannes Stuttmann, Martin Hartmut Schattat
Summary: Genetic analysis shows that XopQ-triggered stromule formation is linked to ETI signaling but not programmed cell death. Plastid clustering induced by XopQ is not strictly connected to stromule formation during ETI.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jin-Zheng Wang, Wilhelmina van de Ven, Yanmei Xiao, Xiang He, Haiyan Ke, Panyu Yang, Katayoon Dehesh
Summary: This study reveals the reconfiguration of the plastidial proteome in response to environmental cues and its impact on adaptive responses. Through a suppressor screen, researchers identified a mutant that partially suppressed the effects of a plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite, MEcPP, and identified a mutation in a putative plastidial metalloprotease. Biochemical analyses showed changes in proteomic composition and subsequent metabolic and structural alterations. These findings demonstrate reciprocal modulation between plastidial stress signaling and a metalloprotease, shaping adaptive responses.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
N. Dhami, B. J. Pogson, D. T. Tissue, C. Cazzonelli
Summary: The study established a foliar pigment-based bioassay using Arabidopsis rosette leaves and found that environmental treatments and chemical inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis reduce chlorophyll levels in young leaves. Disruption of CAROTENOID ISOMERASE (CRTISO) activity, but not ZETA-CAROTENE ISOMERASE (Z-ISO) activity, also reduces chlorophyll levels in young leaves. These findings suggest that carotenoid isomerase activity and NFZ-induced inhibition of PDS activity elicit different signaling pathways to control chlorophyll homeostasis in young leaves of Arabidopsis.
Article
Plant Sciences
Suvi Honkanen, Ian Small
Summary: The pentatricopeptide repeat protein GUN1 is an ancient protein that evolved within the streptophyte algal ancestors of land plants. It is highly conserved among land plants and plays a key role in chloroplast gene expression and retrograde signaling.
Review
Plant Sciences
Masood Jan, Zhixin Liu, Jean-David Rochaix, Xuwu Sun
Summary: This article reviews the current understanding of multiple plastid retrograde signaling pathways and potential plastid signaling molecules. It also discusses how retrograde signaling regulates nuclear gene expression within a multilayered network of transcription factors.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ulrike Zentgraf, Ana Gabriela Andrade-Galan, Stefan Bieker
Summary: Leaf senescence is a crucial part of plant development, regulated by endogenous and environmental signals. Hydrogen peroxide serves as a significant signaling molecule in leaf senescence. The ratio of hydrogen peroxide between different compartments may play a role in plant cell perception, rather than the actual content.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Horticulture
Marziyeh Jafari, Ali Reza Shahsavar, Majid Talebi, Mohsen Hesami
Summary: Melatonin treatment can protect lime plants from damage caused by drought stress by reducing electrolyte leakage and oxidative stress, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christina Wartmann, Shiny Nandi, Joerg-Martin Neudoerfl, Albrecht Berkessel
Summary: The titanium complex of the cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (cis-DACH) derived Berkessel-salalen ligand is a highly efficient and enantioselective catalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of terminal olefins with hydrogen peroxide. This study also found that this epoxidation catalyst can effectively perform the highly enantioselective hydroxylation of benzylic C-H bonds with hydrogen peroxide. A newly optimized nitro-salalen Ti-catalyst showed the highest efficiency ever reported for asymmetric catalytic benzylic hydroxylation, with enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee, while overoxidation to ketone is marginal. The novel nitro-salalen Ti-catalyst also exhibited enhanced epoxidation efficiency, with a conversion of 1-decene to its epoxide in 90% yield and 94% ee at a catalyst loading of only 0.1mol-%.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ioannis Vasilakoglou, Kico Dhima, Anastasia Giannakoula, Christos Dordas, Vasiliki Skiada, Kalliope Papadopoulou
Summary: Barley exhibits great adaptability to salt tolerance in marginal environments due to its genetic diversity. Different tolerance mechanisms were observed in barley varieties, with tolerant ones showing higher carbon isotopes discrimination, CO2 assimilation rates, and proline concentration. Sensitive varieties, on the other hand, had increased lipid peroxidation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Eunyoung Shim, Ji Woong Lee, Hana Park, Giuseppe C. Zuccarello, Gwang Hoon Kim
Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling plays a crucial role in red algal fertilization, with H2O2 acting as a signaling molecule that regulates gene expression and post-fertilization development possibly through Ca2+ channel activation. NADPH oxidase homologues are involved in fertilization process, and pre-treatment or perturbation of plants' redox state can impact post-fertilization development.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rabea Ghandour, Yang Gao, Josephin Laskowski, Rouhollah Barahimipour, Stephanie Ruf, Ralph Bock, Reimo Zoschke
Summary: In plant biotechnology, the expression of transgenes in chloroplasts is common practice. However, the potential unintended effects on native chloroplast genes are often overlooked. This study examined the expression of the chloroplast genome in transplastomic tobacco plants and found that transgene insertion can lead to overexpression of downstream genes and interfere with the transcription and translation of nearby genes. The study suggests strategies to minimize unintended consequences of transgene expression on native chloroplast genes.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zoe Postel, Theo Mauri, Marc F. Lensink, Pascal Touzet
Summary: A recent study suggests that mutations in plastid and nuclear genes in the species Silene nutans may disrupt plastid-nuclear protein interactions and lead to reproductive isolation. The findings highlight the relationship between adaptation strategies and species evolution.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yixiong Lin, Yifen Lin, Mengshi Lin, Zhongqi Fan, Hetong Lin
Summary: Treatment with hydrogen peroxide induces pulp breakdown in fresh longan fruit by reducing the ability to remove ROS, increasing ROS generation and accumulation, promoting lipid peroxidation of cell membrane, and subsequently damaging cell membrane structure leading to pulp breakdown occurrence.
Article
Plant Sciences
Moritz Bomer, Imma Perez-Salamo, Hannah V. Florance, Deborah Salmon, Jan-Hendrik Dudenhoffer, Paul Finch, Aycan Cinar, Nicholas Smirnoff, Amanda Harvey, Alessandra Devoto
Summary: The study found that jasmonates can suppress the growth of breast cancer cells by regulating specific metabolites in plants, showing potential anti-cancer effects. This research is important for identifying metabolites with anti-cancer bioactivities in plants with no known medicinal pedigree.
Review
Plant Sciences
George R. Littlejohn, Susan Breen, Nicholas Smirnoff, Murray Grant
Summary: The chloroplast plays a pivotal role in plant defense responses, integrating, decoding, and responding to environmental signals to perceive and respond to biotic stresses. Understanding the contribution of chloroplast immunity to pathogen defense and the modulation of immunity by phytohormones provides directions for future research challenges.
Article
Plant Sciences
Katherine E. Helliwell, Friedrich H. Kleiner, Hayley Hardstaff, Abdul Chrachri, Trupti Gaikwad, Deborah Salmon, Nicholas Smirnoff, Glen L. Wheeler, Colin Brownlee
Summary: Diatoms are globally important phytoplankton that dominate coastal and polar-ice assemblages. They employ Ca2+ signaling to respond to osmotic stress and regulate cell volume.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hasin Feroz, Bryan Ferlez, Hyeonji Oh, Hossein Mohammadiarani, Tingwei Ren, Carol S. Baker, John P. Gajewski, Daniel J. Lugar, Sandeep B. Gaudana, Peter Butler, Jonas Huehn, Matthias Lamping, Wolfgang J. Parak, Michael R. Blatt, Cheryl A. Kerfeld, Nicholas Smirnoff, Harish Vashisth, John H. Golbeck, Manish Kumar
Summary: A novel method using fluorimetric vesicles was developed to measure the transport rate of the chloride pump in Natronomonas pharaonis, and successful determination of Cl- transport rates in different types of vesicles was achieved through the use of directional pHR reconstitution and fluorescence experiments. The obtained rates were in agreement with previous experiments and reflect the efficiency of the pHR protein.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Robert D. Hancock, Nicholas Smirnoff, John E. Lunn
Summary: The article discusses how plants adapt to environmental changes and how changing metabolism to adapt to challenges can provide new insights for enhancing crop resilience to global climate change.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Jean Albert Laissue, Sebastien Barre, Stefan Bartzsch, Hans Blattmann, Audrey M. Bouchet, Valentin G. Djonov, David Haberthur, Ruslan Hlushchuk, Barbara Kaser-Hotz, Pierre Philippe Laissue, Geraldine LeDuc, Susanne Oswald Reding, Raphael Serduc
Summary: Microbeam radiation therapy (MBRT) is a safe alternative treatment for muzzle tumors in pets, according to a preclinical study. The study examined the effects of microplanar beamlets on the muzzle of rabbits and found that no radionecrosis occurred in facial bones, but high doses of radiation caused caries-like damage to incisor teeth. The study suggests that MBRT can be used to treat muzzle tumors without causing significant damage to normal teeth, bone, and soft tissues if the radiation is controlled within specific dose limits.
RADIATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Emily Breeze, Philip M. Mullineaux
Summary: Chloroplasts respond to adverse environmental cues by activating chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling, with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) playing a crucial role in signal transduction. The close association between chloroplasts and the nucleus, as well as the physical contact between chloroplasts and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), may facilitate H2O2 transportation and the modulation of signal transduction by different environmental cues.
Article
Agronomy
Kanyanat Lamanchai, Deborah L. Salmon, Nicholas Smirnoff, Pornsawan Sutthinon, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Kantinan Leetanasaksakul, Suthathip Kittisenachai, Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
Summary: Ascorbic acid (AsA) or Vitamin C plays a significant role in biological processes in plants. The OsVTC1-1 gene in rice is involved in AsA synthesis and cell wall-related processes. OsVTC1-1 RNAi lines showed reduced transcript levels, AsA content, leaf anatomical parameters, and changes in cell wall composition and associated proteins.
Article
Biology
C. -E. Schaum, A. Buckling, N. Smirnoff, G. Yvon-Durocher
Summary: This study examines the evolution of trait and tolerance curves in marine ecosystem foundation organisms using a globally distributed phytoplankton species. The results demonstrate that fluctuations in temperature rapidly lead to enhanced trait plasticity and elevated thermal tolerance in the populations. Furthermore, long-term temperature fluctuations result in the formation of two distinct populations, one evolving high trait plasticity and enhanced thermal tolerance, and the other resembling samples evolved under constant warming conditions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kanyanat Lamanchai, Nicholas Smirnoff, Deborah L. Salmon, Athipat Ngernmuen, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Kantinan Leetanasaksakul, Suthathip Kittisenachai, Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
Summary: This study investigates the role of the OsVTC1-1 gene in rice blast fungus inoculation and finds that the gene regulates rice blast resistance through multiple defense mechanisms, including hormone synthesis and signaling pathways.
Article
Plant Sciences
Dominique Arnaud, Michael J. Deeks, Nicholas Smirnoff
Summary: Reactive oxygen species are generated in plants in response to pathogens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Using biosensors, researchers observed oxidative events in various cell compartments during the immune response to flg22 and Pseudomonas syringae. The oxidative burst in the cytosol is partially suppressed by bacterial effectors, while the extracellular oxidative burst requires the involvement of NADPH oxidase and specific signaling components.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soyanni Holness, Ulrike Bechtold, Phillip Mullineaux, Giovanna Serino, Paola Vittorioso
Summary: In plants, priming allows for a more rapid and robust response to recurring stresses. However, less is known about how priming due to one stress can help plants cope with subsequent different stresses. This study investigated the priming effects in Arabidopsis plants subjected to high light (HL) stress followed by drought (D) stress, and found that HL can mediate transcriptional priming and enhance plant responses to stress.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Samuel Barton, Daniel Padfield, Abigail Masterson, Angus Buckling, Nicholas Smirnoff, Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Summary: Several experimental studies have shown that phytoplankton can adapt rapidly to warmed environments. However, these studies often use different experimental techniques, limiting our ability to compare thermal adaptation across different species. In this study, simultaneous long-term warming experiments were conducted on three phylogenetically diverse species of marine phytoplankton, revealing varying levels of thermal adaptation. Synechococcus sp. displayed the greatest improvement in fitness and thermal tolerance, Ostreococcus tauri showed some improvement but to a lesser extent, and Phaeodoactylum tricornutum showed no signs of adaptation. These findings can enhance our understanding of how phytoplankton communities may change in response to warming and the potential biogeochemical implications.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dominique Arnaud, Michael J. Deeks, Nicholas Smirnoff
Summary: Stomatal defences, mediated by apoplastic ROS, are vital for plants to prevent pathogen entry. This study sheds light on the role of NADPH oxidase RBOHF in the interplay between apoplastic and cytosolic ROS dynamics during stomatal immune response. Surprisingly, the rbohF mutant showed unexpected over-oxidation of the H2O2 sensor roGFP2-Orp1, while being impaired in PAMP-triggered stomatal closure and apoplastic alkalinisation.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicholas Smirnoff
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)