Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yucheng Zhu, Jian Li, Chaolei Zhang, Wenjun Wang, Huan Wang
Summary: The addition of Nb can improve the high temperature properties of 100Cr6 steel, leading to refined microstructure, increased hardness, and reduced wear volume. However, excessive Nb content may weaken the effect and increase the depth of the worn surface. Additionally, at higher temperatures, the softening of the steel substrate and increase in oxide particles can aggravate abrasive wear and oxidation wear, resulting in a significant increase in wear volume.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ricardo Ortega-Alvarez, Maria T. Hernandez-Sierra, Luis D. Aguilera-Camacho, Micael G. Bravo-Sanchez, Karla J. Moreno, J. Santos Garcia-Miranda
Summary: This study analyzes the improvement of steel bearing system performance using green lubricants based on vegetable oil mixtures. The results show that oil mixtures can significantly reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate, making them a feasible option for biolubricants in bearing systems.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
M. Vidhyasagar, G. Balachandran
Summary: Warm forging of (1%C-1.5%Cr) bearing steel at 760 and 800 degrees C can achieve fully spheroidized microstructure with improved hardness, strength, and toughness compared to annealed steel. However, forging at a higher temperature of 820 degrees C results in partially spheroidized microstructure with a significant amount of pearlite, leading to inferior mechanical properties. The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties at different processing stages was examined in the study.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Srikakulapu Kiranbabu, Lutz Morsdorf, Ivan Gonzalez, Michael Koelling, Christian Bross, Dirk Ponge, Michael Herbig, David Mayweg
Summary: This study investigates the causes of white etching cracks (WECs) in wind turbine gearbox (WTGB) bearings. The results show that the presence of MnS inclusions is a key factor in the initiation of WECs in WTGB bearings.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hadi Torkamani, Aleks Vrcek, Roland Larsson, Marta-Lena Antti
Summary: Rolling-sliding contact fatigue experiments were conducted on bearing steels with different heat treatment procedures to study their wear and surface-initiated damage. It was found that the initial stress distribution and wear behavior of the specimens varied with heat treatment and hardness difference. The results were mainly explained based on residual stresses, microstructural features, and wear behavior of the specimens.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jun Guo, Aimin Zhao, Maosheng Yang
Summary: The fatigue properties of M50 bearing steel under high cycle fatigue at room temperature were investigated. The fatigue cracks in M50 bearing steel primarily originated from MgO-Al2O3 inclusions and MC/M2C primary carbides. The voids were initiated by debonding of inclusions from the matrix and cracking of primary carbides under cyclic loading. Small cracks initiated perpendicular to the tensile stress and propagated at a speed of 8.81 x 10-10 m/cycle in the fine granular area (FGA). A fatigue crack nucleation model and fatigue life model were established based on stress intensity factor range, defect properties, and number of cycles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Fernando Jose Lopez-Urunuela, Beatriz Fernandez-Diaz, Bihotz Pinedo, Josu Aguirrebeitia
Summary: Hydrogen precharged specimens were tested in a disc-on-disc tribometer to study the early stages of crack formation. Small transgranular cracks and unlinked voids were found, as well as premature WEA. This paper aims to clarify certain concepts of debate concerning WEA and proposes a new hypothesis on the mechanism of crack formation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Chen, Q. C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. H. Du, F. Shi, X. W. Li
Summary: The multi-stage work hardening process of an Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight austenitic steel was studied experimentally, with a focus on the critical role of kappa-carbides. The inhibition of kappa-carbides on the motion of dislocations contributes to high yield strength. The shearing of kappa-carbide particles by moving dislocations causes slip plane softening, leading to the formation of planar-slip dislocation substructure and the occurrence of work hardening rate recovery and plateau stages.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. F. An, X. P. Chen, L. Mei, P. Ren, D. Wei, W. Q. Cao
Summary: This study systematically investigates the precipitation sequence of Fe-28Mn-11Al-1C-5Ni austenitic low-density steel and its influence on mechanical properties. The results reveal the transformation pathway of kappa' -carbides and B2 particles under different aging conditions. This research is meaningful for guiding the design of new generation dual-nano precipitation austenitic lightweight steel.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zeju Weng, Kaixuan Gu, Jianpeng Zheng, Chen Cui, Mingli Zhang, Junjie Wang
Summary: In this study, the cryogenically martensitic transformation and its effects on the tempering behaviors of bearing steel were investigated. The results showed that the athermally martensitic transformation of samples experienced three different stages and the transformation rate decreased with the increase of cooling rate. The content of retained austenite transformed isothermally was much smaller and the amount of isothermally formed martensite did not show a linear relationship with the temperature. In addition, DCT improved the tempered hardness of samples and decreased the content of retained austenite. The DCT also affected the decomposition of retained austenite during tempering by lowering the activation energy of decomposition. The microstructure observation showed that the new formed martensite was dominated by ultra-fine twins and the transformation strain induced by DCT caused more dislocations in the microstructure.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
S. Kiranbabu, P-Y Tung, L. Sreekala, T. S. Prithiv, T. Hickel, R. Pippan, L. Morsdorf, M. Herbig
Summary: Premature failure of rail and bearing steels by White-Etching-Cracks leads to severe economic losses. This failure mechanism is associated with microstructure decomposition via local severe plastic deformation. Understanding the mechanisms of carbide decomposition is essential for designing damage-resistant steels for industrial applications.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Daniel G. Mevec, Vince Jaszfi, Petri Prevedel, Juraj Todt, Emad Maawad, Jozef Keckes, Peter Raninger
Summary: This study evaluated residual stress and hardness distributions across the crankshaft bearings cross-sections using synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction and hardness testing, finding a correlation between measured hardening depth and sudden reversal of stress gradient. Additionally, it provided new insights into the interpretation of stress evolution during quenching and tempering processes.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexander S. Chaus, Aleksandr P. Kryshtal
Summary: This study investigated the microstructure of heat-treated AISI M2 high-speed steel with different initial structural states using advanced electron microscopy techniques. The presence of secondary carbide particles and the formation of sub-grains and substructures in the tempered matrix were analyzed. The composition of the secondary hardening carbides was identified, and the presence of carbon-rich precipitates in the substructure of the tempered alpha-Fe was revealed. At the atomic scale, the precipitates were found to be mostly disordered solids with traces of crystalline structure.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. W. Zhou, Y. R. Song, H. W. Jiang, Y. C. Wu, Y. Y. Zong
Summary: The hot deformation behavior and processing maps of BG801 bearing steel were studied using isothermal compression tests. The results showed variations in microstructure and true stress-strain curves under different temperatures and strain rates. A 3D processing map was constructed using dynamic material modeling to determine the optimal processing parameters.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Liqi Yang, Weihai Xue, Siyang Gao, Hongwei Liu, Yanfei Cao, Deli Duan, Dianzhong Li, Shu Li
Summary: The addition of rare earth has an influence on the friction and wear behavior of M50 bearing steel, reducing wear volume. This is mainly attributed to the modification of carbides shape and size by rare earth elements, leading to the formation of smaller wear debris and subsequently reducing wear.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Optics
Zhi-Huan Pang, Meng Liu, Ai-Ping Luo, Yi Xu, Wen-Cheng Xu, Songnian Fu, Zhi-Chao Luo
Summary: We propose a novel mode-dependent gain equalizer using a few-mode chirped fiber Bragg grating (FM-CFBG) to effectively mitigate the mode-dependent gain in an all-fiber 2-mode EDFA. The equalizer based on FM-CFBG offers compact size, low insertion loss, and wavelength scalability, making it meaningful for long-haul MDM transmission.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Yiwei Qiu, Chenliang Ding, Gangyao Zhan, Mengdi Luo, Jisen Wen, Mengbo Tang, Chun Cao, Wenjie Liu, Liang Xu, Bihu Lv, Dazhao Zhu, Cuifang Kuang, Xu Liu
Summary: This article proposes a novel method to simultaneously reduce the axial and lateral feature sizes of PPI-DLW. By employing a pseudo 3D hollow focus, a suspended nanowire with an isotropic 30-nm feature size was realized, thereby improving the capabilities of PPI-DLW for fabricating arbitrary 3D structures.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Manzhuo Wang, Jianbo Yue, Zhentao Yao, Tingyu Liu, Xiaoqiang Sun, Yuanda Wu, Daming Zhang
Summary: A silica waveguide 1×8 thermo-optic switch consisting of cascaded three-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) is successfully demonstrated. The switch utilizes a multimode interference (MMI) coupler in the MMI-MZI 1×2 switch unit for its wavelength insensitivity and favorable fabrication tolerance. The switch design and optimization is based on the beam propagation method (BPM) and implemented using standard CMOS technologies. Experimental results show that the switch meets the requirements for insertion loss and crosstalk at 1550 nm wavelength, and also performs well in a wide wavelength range.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
H. M. de la Cruz, E. D. Hernandez-Campos, E. Ortiz-Ricardo, A. Martinez-Borquez, I. Rosas-Roman, V. Contreras, G. Ramos-Ortiz, B. Mendoza-Santoyo, Cecilia I. Zurita-Lopez, R. Castro-Beltran
Summary: Acoustic levitation is an important contactless manipulation technique in various fields. This study presents an affordable phased-array levitator that can stably trap micrometer dye-doped droplets in the air, enabling the creation of microlasers. The levitated microlasers exhibit comparable optical lasing features to On-a-Chip devices, with a maximum Q-factor of approximately 105 and a minimum lasing threshold of approximately 150 nJ cm-2.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Yuqi Wang, Zilong Zhang, Suyi Zhao, Wei He, Xiaotian Li, Xin Wang, Yuchen Jie, Changming Zhao
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of localized defects in SLM devices on structured light generation and demonstrates the reconstructed light field results under different defect states using CGH loaded onto the DMD. The results show that central defects have minimal influence on the reconstructed light field, while edge defects have a significant impact. This study expands the application scenarios for the generation of structured light beams with SLM.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Ashraf A. A. Beshr, Hossam El-Din Fawzy, Ehab A. A. Eldin, Jong Wan Hu, Fathi A. Abdelmgeed
Summary: This paper introduces the application of digital measuring techniques, specifically Digital Close Range Photogrammetry (DCRP), in the detection of deformation in post-tensioned structural elements (PTSEs). The use of digital equipment and a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) allows for highly accurate monitoring of PTSE camber, with deviations not exceeding 0.01 mm.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Shihao Gou, Danping Huang, Shipeng Liao, Fan Luo, Yang Yuan, Liang Liu, Xiaomei Wen
Summary: This paper proposes an online intelligent detection method for cable pitch defects in the field of optical cable manufacturing. The method utilizes a multi-sensor fusion image acquisition platform and deep learning technology to achieve accurate detection of pitch defects in optical cables.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Tun-Yao Hung, David W. U. Chan, Ching-Wei Peng, Chi-Wai Chow, Hon Ki Tsang
Summary: We present the first experimental demonstration of a high-capacity short-reach optical communication link which utilizes LSTM and DNN to achieve 300 Gbit/s 8-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM8) generated by a single microring modulator. The experimental results show that 300 Gbit/s and 270 Gbit/s PAM8 modulation can be achieved at back-to-back and after 1 km transmission respectively.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Long Zhang, Li Pei, Jianshuai Wang, Jingjing Zheng, Kaihua Hu, Zhiqi Li, Tigang Ning, Jing Li, Li Zhong, Ruisi He
Summary: The amplification of long-haul mode division multiplexing (MDM) transmission systems is currently achieved through three steps, which can result in complexity and degraded transmission performance. To address this issue, this paper proposes an in-line few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (FM-EDFA) based on cladding pumping, which enables simultaneous amplification and transmission in MDM systems. Experimental results demonstrate that the in-line FM-EDFA has excellent performance and shows great potential for practical long-haul transmission systems.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Chong Wang, Miaomiao Li, Jiahao Yang, Bingli Zhu, Jianghao Han, Wenbin Dang
Summary: This paper introduces the design of drive circuits using step recovery diodes and RF bipolar transistors to produce narrow pulse lasers, achieving the reduction of system size, power consumption and cost.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Ziqian Zhang, Liangyu Zhao, Chaorun Si, Yang Tian, Shilin Xu
Summary: A Hastelloy C276 coating was prepared on a martensitic stainless-steel substrate using laser melting deposition, resulting in a coating with high resistance to cavitation erosion. The coating exhibited a thick, progressively changing grain morphology from bottom to top, and the grains grew in a specific angle to the substrate plane. A compositional mixing zone was formed at the interface, forming a stable metallurgical bond. The coating showed a significantly improved hardness and enhanced resistance to cavitation erosion compared to the substrate.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Cui-Hong Li, Chao-Xiong He, Yuan-Yuan Ma, Jin-Chuan Wang, Ying Dong, Shao-Chong Zhu, Xiao-Wen Gao, Hui-Zhu Hu
Summary: In this paper, a non-contact optical measuring method for characterizing nanoparticles using optical tweezers is presented. The method relies on the optical polarization and scattering of nanoparticles, providing insights into both shape and size parameters. Experimental results show that the method can accurately measure the shape and size of nanoparticles, making it an effective tool for identifying and studying individual nanoparticles.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Magdalena Zieba, Cuma Tyszkiewicz, Katarzyna Wojtasik, Krystian Pavlov, Pawel Chaber, Ewa Gondek, Jacek Niziol, Roman Rogozinski, Pawel Kielan, Pawel Karasinski
Summary: This work presents a study on low-loss waveguide layers for planar evanescent wave sensor applications. Crack-free SiOx:TiOy composite layers with refractive indices of approximately 1.65 were fabricated using a sol-gel method and dip-coating technique. The fabricated layers exhibited good waveguide properties and optical homogeneity.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Yali He, Jiao Tang, Zhongyang Li, Yaowu Hu
Summary: In this paper, a lithography-free broadband absorbing metasurface consisting of Ag nanoparticles with ultrafine nanogaps is demonstrated. The experimental results and numerical simulations show that the horizontally compressed Ag nanoparticles possess smaller nanogaps for high sensitivity, uniformity, and stability. The novel substrate also exhibits insensitivity to the incident or observation angle in an ambient environment and has promising practical applications.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Linqing Li, Chengwei Yang, Zhuo Wang, Kun Xiao, Rui Min
Summary: In this study, a stretchable polymer optical fiber with a sandwich structure was proposed for sleep monitoring. The fiber improved the pressure sensitivity of the mattress and enabled the measurement of respiratory rate, heart rate, and body motion information.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)