Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Zhang, Sandrine Ricote, Peter Vang Hendriksen, Yunzhong Chen
Summary: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are efficient electrochemical energy conversion devices that have the potential to become low cost. However, their high operating temperatures have hindered their widespread commercialization. This review summarizes the recent progress in developing materials to lower the operating temperature of SOFCs and discusses the new opportunities and challenges. The focus is on thin film SOFCs, sub-micrometer SOFCs based on microelectromechanical systems, and devices based on proton-conducting oxide electrolyte.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
A. S. Mehr, A. Lanzini, M. Santarelli, Marc A. Rosen
Summary: There is a growing interest in high temperature fuel cells for their potential in multi-service applications. Integration of SOFC and MCFC systems is receiving much attention for proposing polygeneration plants. The most common polygeneration designs involve utilizing the exhaust gases from fuel cell systems for heat recovery.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shaohui Song, Xingyu Xiong, Xin Wu, Zhenzhong Xue
Summary: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are complex systems with coupling of multiple physics fields, making performance prediction difficult and high operation temperature challenging for experimental test. Artificial intelligence technology requires less experimental data for accurate modeling. Experimental results show that BP neural network has optimal prediction accuracy, generalization ability, and testing time.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xin Ma, Shuang Wang, Fashe Li, Huicong Zhang, Shang Jiang, Meng Sui
Summary: In this study, the flow and spray characteristics of biodiesel in a swirl atomization nozzle were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal primary air flow rate and temperature for swirling atomization of biodiesel were 30 L/min and 45°C, respectively. Increasing the air flow rate and temperature promoted the development of the atomization flow field and the breaking of droplets in biodiesel, optimizing the swirling atomization process.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Regilene de Sousa Silva, Carolina D'Avila Kramer Cavalcanti, Rita de Cassia Siqueira Curto Valle, Ricardo Antonio Francisco Machado, Cintia Marangoni
Summary: This study analyzed the influence of operational conditions on Direct Contact Membrane Distillation for synthetic effluents containing reactive and disperse dyes, showing different behavior of the process according to the class of dye. Higher dependence of feed temperature was found for reactive dye, and the analysis of temperature gradient between feed and permeate demonstrated the possibility of operation with higher temperatures in both streams to increase the permeate flux.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Assaad Alsahlani, Nesrin Ozalp, Kelvin Randhir, Michael Hayes, Philipp Schimmels, James Klausner
Summary: This paper presents a low-order heat transfer model for the design of a solar thermochemical energy storage reactor. The model involves indirect heating of gas and solid reactants to convert solar energy into a stable form for long-term storage. Numerical simulations were used to validate the experimental results and could be used for designing a feedback control system for the reactor temperature.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Raj Kumar, A. Veeresh Babu, Shirish H. Sonawane
Summary: This article proposes a novel rhombohedral interconnector with a staggered position to enhance heat and mass transport behavior in anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The rhombohedral staggered interconnector design alters fluid flow patterns, improves power density by 33.9%, and helps control pressure distribution in flow channels. Comparisons with a traditional rectangular interconnector model and parametric research with varied mass flow rates are conducted to validate the improved performance of the rhombohedral design. The findings suggest that the proposed interconnector configuration is essential for optimal SOFC operation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREEN ENERGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kairat A. Kuterbekov, Alexey Nikonov, Kenzhebatyr Zh Bekmyrza, Nikita B. Pavzderin, Asset M. Kabyshev, Marzhan M. Kubenova, Gaukhar D. Kabdrakhimova, Nursultan Aidarbekov
Summary: This review summarizes various types of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and describes their structural features, advantages, and disadvantages. Among the well-studied dual-chamber SOFC, those with anode-supported design and oxygen-ion conducting electrolyte are found to be the most suitable for operation at temperatures below 800 degrees C. Other promising types for low-temperature operation include SOFC with proton-conducting electrolyte and electrolyte-free fuel cells, although further research and development are needed for commercialization.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Shambhu Singh Rathore, Saheli Biswas, Daniel Fini, Aniruddha P. Kulkarni, Sarbjit Giddey
Summary: This paper discusses the potential of using hydrogen as a major energy vector through chemical storage with ammonia and converting it into electricity using solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC). It highlights the challenges and opportunities in ammonia decomposition, anode catalysts, and degradation in SOFC technology. Additionally, it reviews modeling studies for ammonia SOFCs and commercial initiatives in green ammonia production.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bora Timurkutluk, Emre Ucar
Summary: This study focuses on the performance based parametric optimization of flow channels in SOFCs through numerical simulations. Results show that rib width is the most effective parameter on cell performance, while different channel depths have almost no impact on cell performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Paolo Marocco, Marta Gandiglio, Massimo Santarelli
Summary: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness performance and optimal design conditions of SOFC technology in commercial applications, focusing on the supermarket sector. Parameters such as investment cost, stack lifetime, and efficiency were considered, with profitability of SOFC heavily dependent on its investment cost and Spark Spread value.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Li Li, Lei Ling, Yajun Xie, Shuai Shan, Shaoyi Bei, Yanyun Sun, Keqing Zheng, Qiang Xu
Summary: This study investigates the requirements in geometrical design, electrode material, and operation parameter to achieve significantly improved fuel utilization under high flow rates in microfluidic fuel cells. It is found that simply increasing the electrode width or length cannot bring satisfactory fuel utilization, but optimizing the electrode aspect ratio could simultaneously enhance fuel utilization and current density. Developing advanced electrode material, particularly increasing the specific surface area, is shown to be more promising than geometrical optimization in improving fuel utilization in high flow rate systems where there is a mass transfer limitation.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jaroslaw Milewski, Arkadiusz Szczesniak, Lukasz Szablowski, Aliaxandr Martsinchyk, Maciej Siekierski, Olaf Dybinski, Konrad Swirski
Summary: This research explores the possibility of using boron-containing compounds as electrolytes for fuel cells and proposes a mathematical model for a new type of fuel cell based on molten borates. The study identifies several promising compounds and assesses their performance at higher temperatures through experimentation and simulation.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. Blesznowski, M. Boiski, J. Kupecki
Summary: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) can efficiently generate electricity and heat, with stack design and component characteristics significantly affecting performance. Two different approaches for air supply, internal and external manifolding, can be used.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Cong Li, Wenbo Xu, Yuqing Wang, Yanke Jin, Shanyang Wei, Rui Yang
Summary: This study investigated fuel spill fire accidents on water. The experiments revealed that the division of combustion stage depends on the fuel thickness and initial temperatures. The temperatures of fuel and water sublayer exhibited a gradient distribution at different heights. The fuel and water sublayer energy flux initially increased and then decreased. The stable stage mass loss rate increased with thicker fuel thickness and higher initial temperature.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Min Ji, Pengfei Ji, Sadok Mehrez, Sagr Alamri, Majid Niaz Akhtar
Summary: The current study describes the fabrication and analysis of a bi-layer microwave absorber made of magnetic Sr2FeReO6 (SRO) powder and a magnetoelectric nanocomposite formed of rod-like magnetic Sr2FeReO6 powder wrapped in polygonal SnS2 powder (SRSS). The analysis showed that successful synthesis of rod and polygonal particles with soft magnetic properties was achieved. The designed bi-layer absorber exhibited broad X-band frequency absorption capabilities, with a reflection loss of -33 dB at 10.3 GHz and a thickness of only 2.5 mm.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Muhammad Azhar Khan, Sohail Afzal, Shagufta Gulbadan, Khalid Mahmood, Ghulam Abbas Ashraf, Majid Niaz Akhtar
Summary: Nano-crystalline Gd-substituted X-type hexaferrites with different Gd concentrations were synthesized and their properties were studied. X-ray diffraction confirmed the single and pure phases of hexagonal ferrites. The dielectric properties showed frequency dependence and suggested potential applications in high-frequency devices and supercapacitors. Raman spectra and SEM images further supported the findings.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Muhammad Nawaz, Huma Shaikh, Jamil A. Buledi, Amber R. Solangi, Rizwan Raza, Bilawal Maher
Summary: This research has developed a sensitive and selective sensor for the detection of BPA in water. By synthesizing a Cd/rGO composite and characterizing it, the researchers have obtained experimental results and demonstrated the potential commercial application of this sensor.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuzheng Lu, Naveed Mushtaq, M. A. K. Yousaf Shah, Badriah S. Almutairi, Yiwang Dong, Muhammad Yousaf, Rizwan Raza
Summary: Low temperatures ceramic fuel cells (LT-CFCs) have great potential for both large and small scale applications. However, the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity at lower operating temperatures has hindered their development. Strontium cobalt-based perovskite-oxides (SrCoO3_3) have been considered as a promising cathode material for LT-CFCs. In this study, we introduced bi-metal doping of La and Ce in SrCoO3_3 to produce SrCo0.8Ce0.1La0.1O3-3 (SCCL) perovskite structure for PCFCs cathode. The developed SLCC cathode showed low polarization resistance and high ORR response at intermediate operating temperatures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Muhammad Rafaqat, Ghulam Ali, Naveed Ahmad, Syed Hassan Mujtaba Jafri, Shahid Atiq, Ghulam Abbas, Ghulam M. Mustafa, Rizwan Raza
Summary: This study reports the synthesis of La and Ba substituted X0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Mn0.2O3 and their investigation as a low temperature solid oxide fuel cell. The results show that the fuel cell based on LSCM cathode has significantly higher values of power density and open circuit voltage (VOC), indicating its potential for future applications.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Raees M. Asif, Abdul Aziz, Majid Niaz Akhtar, M. Amjad, Muhammad Azhar Khan
Summary: In this study, a Terbium doped Nickel-Zink nano-ferrite material was prepared and used as a substrate in a dual-band yagi-Uda-shaped 4 x 4 multi input multi output antenna. The properties of the ferrite material were evaluated using XRD, VSM, and SEM analysis. The MIMO antenna demonstrated improved performance in terms of size, bandwidth, isolation, and Channel Capacity Loss when compared to conventional FR4 substrates.
PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
(2023)
Article
Crystallography
Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad, Khalil Ahmad, Hu Li, Abdelaziz Gassoumi, Rizwan Raza, Muhammad Saleem, Syed Hassan Mujtaba Jafri, Ghazanfar Abbas
Summary: This study presents a strategy to improve the conductivity and performance of fuel cells at low temperature by incorporating graphene in the LCZ composite. The graphene-incorporated LCZ shows excellent conductivity and low area-specific resistance, leading to significantly good performance. The fuel cell device fabricated with this material exhibits a high open circuit voltage and peak power density.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Asia Rafique, Muhammad Rafaqat, Ghazanfar Abbas, Muhammad Naqvi, Amjad Ali, Rizwan Raza
Summary: In this work, Li-doped, Ni-Cu-based, and Ni-free nanocomposite anode catalysts were synthesized and studied for low-temperature SOFCs operated with hydrogen and biogas fuels. The catalyst with a higher nickel concentration exhibited better electrical conductivity and lower activation energy, resulting in higher OCV and power density for both hydrogen and biogas fuels. Therefore, the NLC622-LDC catalyst showed significantly improved performance without carbon resistance.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mahrukh Bukhari, Munazza Mohsin, Zohra Nazir Kayani, Shahzad Rasool, Rizwan Raza
Summary: This paper analyzed the potential materials A(2)Ce(2)O(7-δ) (A = La+3, Nd+3, Bi+3) for clean energy devices, specifically for conventional and single-component solid oxide fuel cells (SC-SOFCs). The samples prepared by the wet chemical route showed a defected fluorite cubic structure, with dopants confirmed by FTIR analysis. UV-vis, fuel cell testing apparatus, and EIS were used to study the optical behavior, fuel cell performance, and electrochemical behavior, respectively. The results showed that Nd2Ce2O7-δ performed the best as a single-component fuel cell, with good compatibility with semiconducting conductors such as ZnO and NCAL.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kanwal Majeed, Muhammad Azhar Khan, Raqiqa Tur Rasool, Shagufta Gulbadan, Abeer A. AlObaid, M. Irfan, Ghulam Abbas Ashraf, Ghazanfar Nazir, Majid Niaz Akhtar
Summary: Recently, nano-sized Z-type hexagonal ferrites with Indium substitution have been synthesized and shown to have excellent properties for microwave absorption and resolving EM pollution. These materials also have significant applications in EM interference shielding and radar cross-section reduction, making them suitable for stealth technology.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Laila Afroz, Muhammad Rafaqat, M. Ashfaq Ahmad, Tariq Bashir, Muhammad Naqvi, Ghazanfar Abbas, Ghulam M. Mustafa, Rizwan Raza
Summary: Composites of Ni-Cu oxides with gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) show remarkable performance as anode catalysts for solid oxide fuel cells operated with biogas. The nanocomposite catalysts were synthesized and characterized, and it was found that the 0.2NiO-0.8CuO/1.3GDC composition exhibited the highest electrochemical performance.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Zunaira Zulfiqar, Sadaf Zulfiqar, Qaisar Abbas, M. Mirzaeian, Rizwan Raza
Summary: The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive research overview of all solid-state electrolytes. Solid-state electrolytes are important for the thermal stability, ionic conduction, and electrochemical stability of next-generation rechargeable solid-state batteries. The development of potential solid-state electrolytes has become a trending topic in scientific societies to enhance the cycling stability and electrochemical properties. This review summarizes the recent advancements in all solid electrolytes and discusses the challenges hindering their installation, as well as the solutions. It also presents a summary of advanced electrochemical characterization techniques and discusses the pragmatic applications of these batteries at the commercial level.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Majid Niaz Akhtar, Nissren Tamam, Sunder Makhdoom, M. A. Baqir, Mustafa Z. Mahmoud, Muhammad Yousaf, Muhammad Azhar Khan, M. Irfan, Z. A. Alrowaili, M. S. Al-Buriahi
Summary: In this study, Dy-Gd doped YIG nano ferrites with excellent absorbing power and low cost were prepared by a sol-gel self-ignition route. The effects of Dy-Gd on the structural and electromagnetic characteristics of YIG were evaluated using various characterization techniques. The results showed that Dy-Gd doped YIG ferrites exhibit promising performance for microwave absorption and electromagnetic shielding applications.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Munazza Mohsin, Shumail Farhan, Naveed Ahmad, Asif Hassan Raza, Zohra Nazir Kayani, Syed Hassan Mujtaba Jafri, Rizwan Raza
Summary: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer efficient direct electrochemical conversion of hydrocarbon-based fuels like natural gas into electricity. However, utilizing natural gas with Ni-based anodes poses a challenge due to carbon deposition. This study prepared NixCe1-xO2-delta using a sol-gel technique and found that Ni(0.6)Ce(0.4)O(2-delta)d exhibited the highest electronic conductivity and catalytic activity for SOFCs. Furthermore, it achieved a maximum power density comparable to other electrodes. This research demonstrates the potential of Ni-doped ceria as an anode material in SOFCs due to its efficient catalytic properties and resistance against coke formation.
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Henri Joel Mbah Ngantchou, Rizwan Raza, Edwin Akongnwi Nforna, John Lambi Ngolui, Tauqir A. Sherazi
Summary: Transition metal doped apatite La10Si6-xCoxO27-delta and La10Si5.2Co0.4Ni0.4O27-delta were synthesized by co-precipitation method followed by sintering. The conductivity of the samples increased with the content of Co2+ doping and was further increased by co-doping of Ni2+. The co-doped sample (La10Si5.2Co0.4Ni0.4O27-delta) exhibited the highest conductivity and achieved the maximum power density, making it a potential electrolyte candidate for solid oxide fuel cell application.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Honggyun Kim, Jamal Aziz, Vijay D. Chavan, Deok-kee Kim
Summary: Silicon nitride films were prepared using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition with different trap densities induced by adjusting the RF power ratio. It was found that the film's trap density was lowest under compressive stress and increased under tensile stress. This study has significant implications for the formation of durable nitride films in various electronic and optoelectronic applications.
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qiang Yu, Huwei Zhao, Yue Zhao
Summary: Zinc oxide thin films and Al-doped zinc oxide films were prepared and characterized in this study. The addition of Al ions was found to change the growth orientation, increase the grain size, and enhance the absorption intensity in the visible light region. Furthermore, the addition of Al ions also increased the forward current in the heterojunction.
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sang Woo Lee, Min Sun Park, Sangwon Wi, So Yeon Lim, Yeseul Lee, Jin-Seok Chung, Sang Mo Yang
Summary: In this study, we investigated the dynamics of domain switching in pristine and fatigued BiFeO3 capacitors through experimental observations and measurements. The results showed that the switching in the pristine capacitors was dominantly driven by domain growth, while the fatigued capacitors exhibited two different switching dynamics, in which nucleation played a critical role.
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Boshi Wang, Tianyi Wang, Yufang Liu, Kun Yu
Summary: In this paper, a tunable and anisotropic perfect absorber composed of anisotropic black phosphorus (BP) and isotropic graphene is proposed. The structure exhibits high absorption and strong anisotropic plasma response. The resonance characteristics can be effectively controlled by adjusting geometric parameters and doping levels, offering potential applications.
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaolan Liu, Chunyang Li, Tonghui Yang, Naiqiang Yin, Gangling Zhao
Summary: Water drop triboelectric nanogenerators (WD-TENGs) can harvest energy from raindrops and improve the output performance of TENGs.
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS
(2024)
