Sex as a Biological Variable in Atherosclerosis

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

(2020) Salim S. Virani et al.   CIRCULATION

Sex differences in coronary artery plaque composition detected by coronary computed tomography: quantitative and qualitative analysis

(2019) F. Plank et al.   Netherlands Heart Journal

Smooth Muscle Cells Contribute the Majority of Foam Cells in ApoE (Apolipoprotein E)-Deficient Mouse Atherosclerosis

(2019) Ying Wang et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

B Cell Fcγ Receptor IIb Modulates Atherosclerosis in Male and Female Mice by Controlling Adaptive Germinal Center and Innate B1-Cell Responses

(2019) Jayashree Bagchi-Chakraborty et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptors Contribute to Vascular Inflammation in Atherosclerosis in a Sex-Specific Manner

(2019) M. Elizabeth Moss et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Atherosclerosis

(2019) Peter Libby et al.   Nature Reviews Disease Primers

Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction

(2019) Jean-Claude Tardif et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Annual Report on Sex in Preclinical Studies

(2019) Hong S. Lu et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

2019 Russell Ross Memorial Lecture in Vascular Biology

(2019) Aditi Upadhye et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Bempedoic Acid Lowers Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient (LDLR+/−andLDLR−/−) Yucatan Miniature PigsHighlights

(2018) Amy C. Burke et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

PAR2 (Protease-Activated Receptor 2) Deficiency Attenuates Atherosclerosis in MiceHighlights

(2018) Shannon M. Jones et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Letter by Ramirez and Hibbert Regarding Article, “Consideration of Sex Differences in Design and Reporting of Experimental Arterial Pathology Studies: A Statement From theArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular BiologyCouncil”

(2018) F. Daniel Ramirez et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Genetic Deletion of IL-19 (Interleukin-19) Exacerbates Atherogenesis inIl19−/−×Ldlr−/−Double Knockout Mice by Dysregulation of mRNA Stability Protein HuR (Human Antigen R)Highlights

(2018) Mitali Ray et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Sex differences in the formation of atherosclerosis lesion in apoE -/- mice and the effect of 17β-estrodiol on protein S-nitrosylation

(2018) Guangwei Zhang et al.   BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

Roles for endothelial cell and macrophage Gch1 and tetrahydrobiopterin in atherosclerosis progression

(2018) Gillian Douglas et al.   CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH

Sex Differences in Ischemic Heart Disease

(2018) Niti R. Aggarwal et al.  

[18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT imaging as a marker of carotid plaque inflammation: Comparison to immunohistology and relationship to acuity of events

(2018) Myra S. Cocker et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY

The Coronary Artery Running Pattern is One of the Causes of Individual Differences in the Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in WHHLMI Rabbits, an Animal Model for Coronary Atherosclerosis

(2018) Ryosuke Nagasaka et al.   Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis

17β-estradiol upregulates IL6 expression through the ERβ pathway to promote lung adenocarcinoma progression

(2018) Quanfu Huang et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH

αMβ2Is Antiatherogenic in Female but Not Male Mice

(2018) Dorota Szpak et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

The Ossabaw Pig Is a Suitable Translational Model to Evaluate Dietary Patterns and Coronary Artery Disease Risk

(2018) Nirupa R Matthan et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Endogenous Sex Hormones and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Post-Menopausal Women

(2018) Di Zhao et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY

Sex-specific differences in hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease

(2018) Katrina M. Mirabito Colafella et al.   Nature Reviews Nephrology

Development of mannose functionalized dendrimeric nanoparticles for targeted delivery to macrophages: use of this platform to modulate atherosclerosis

(2018) Hongliang He et al.   Translational Research

Sex Differences in Ischemic Heart Disease

(2018) Niti R. Aggarwal et al.   Circulation-Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

Carotid Intima Media Thickness Reference Intervals for a Healthy Argentinean Population Aged 11–81 Years

(2018) Alejandro Diaz et al.   International Journal of Hypertension

Reporting Sex and Sex Differences in Preclinical Studies

(2018) Hong S. Lu et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Animal models of atherosclerosis

(2017) Besa Emini Veseli et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Morphological features of coronary plaques in WHHLMI rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia

(2017) Satoshi YAMADA et al.   EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Hypoxia-inducible protein 2 Hig2/Hilpda mediates neutral lipid accumulation in macrophages and contributes to atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice

(2017) Anja Maier et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Heat shock protein 27–derived atheroprotection involves reverse cholesterol transport that is dependent on GM-CSF to maintain ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression in ApoE−/− mice

(2017) Vivek Krishna Pulakazhi Venu et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

(2017) Marissa B Reitsma et al.   LANCET

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

(2017) Paul M Ridker et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Carotid Atheroma From Men Has Significantly Higher Levels of Inflammation and Iron Metabolism Enabled by Macrophages

(2017) Xi-Ming Yuan et al.   STROKE

CD14+CD16++ “nonclassical” monocytes are associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease

(2017) Karol Urbanski et al.   THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS

Membrane‐Tethered Metalloproteinase Expressed by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Limits the Progression of Proliferative Atherosclerotic Lesions

(2017) Richard H. Barnes et al.   Journal of the American Heart Association

Sex differences in the development of vascular and renal lesions in mice with a simultaneous deficiency of Apoe and the integrin chain Itga8

(2017) Ines Marek et al.   Biology of Sex Differences

Myeloid protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) deficiency protects against atherosclerotic plaque formation in the ApoE −/− mouse model of atherosclerosis with alterations in IL10/AMPKα pathway

(2017) D. Thompson et al.   Molecular Metabolism

Sex differences in the LDL receptor knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis

(2017) Neel A. Mansukhani et al.   Artery Research

Overexpression of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte–Associated Antigen-4 Prevents Atherosclerosis in MiceHighlights

(2016) Takuya Matsumoto et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

A single injection of gain-of-function mutant PCSK9 adeno-associated virus vector induces cardiovascular calcification in mice with no genetic modification

(2016) Claudia Goettsch et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Impact of age and sex on the development of atherosclerosis and expression of the related genes in apoE deficient mice

(2016) Mengyang Liu et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Abandoning M1/M2 for a Network Model of Macrophage Function

(2016) Matthias Nahrendorf et al.   CIRCULATION RESEARCH

Sex Differences in Nonculprit Coronary Plaque Microstructures on Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Acute Coronary Syndromes and Stable Coronary Artery DiseaseClinical Perspective

(2016) Yu Kataoka et al.   Circulation-Cardiovascular Imaging

Myeloid Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase 1 Deficiency Reduces Lesion Macrophage Content and Suppresses Atherosclerosis Progression

(2016) Li-Hao Huang et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Deletion of calponin 2 in macrophages alters cytoskeleton-based functions and attenuates the development of atherosclerosis

(2016) Rong Liu et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY

Impact of sex and age on carotid plaque instability in asymptomatic patients-results from the Munich Vascular Biobank

(2016) Carina Wendorff et al.   Vasa-European Journal of Vascular Medicine

Prevalence and determinants of carotid plaque in the cross-sectional REFINE-Reykjavik study

(2016) Ran Sturlaugsdottir et al.   BMJ Open

Treatment of Men for “Low Testosterone”: A Systematic Review

(2016) Samantha Huo et al.   PLoS One

Fibronectin Splicing Variants Containing Extra Domain A Promote Atherosclerosis in Mice Through Toll-Like Receptor 4Significance

(2015) Prakash Doddapattar et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Monocyte trafficking across the vessel wall

(2015) Teresa Gerhardt et al.   CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH

Sex, the aging immune system, and chronic disease

(2015) Melanie R. Gubbels Bupp   CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY

Relationship of P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 to Prognosis in Patients With Multiple Myeloma

(2015) Figen Atalay et al.   Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia

KLF4-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells has a key role in atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis

(2015) Laura S Shankman et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Carotid Plaque Morphology Is Significantly Associated With Sex, Age, and History of Neurological Symptoms

(2015) Carina Wendorff et al.   STROKE

Pharmacological Activation of the Melanocortin System Limits Plaque Inflammation and Ameliorates Vascular Dysfunction in Atherosclerotic Mice

(2014) P. Rinne et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Carotid intima–media thickness value distributions in The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

(2014) Itamar S. Santos et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Apolipoprotein E-knockout mice on high-fat diet show autoimmune injury on kidney and aorta

(2014) Yuehai Wang et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Reducing Macrophage Proteoglycan Sulfation Increases Atherosclerosis and Obesity through Enhanced Type I Interferon Signaling

(2014) Philip L.S.M. Gordts et al.   Cell Metabolism

Induction of Atherosclerosis in Mice and Hamsters Without Germline Genetic Engineering

(2014) Martin Mæng Bjørklund et al.   CIRCULATION RESEARCH

Estradiol regulates Tumor Necrosis Factor-α expression and secretion in Estrogen Receptor positive breast cancer cells

(2014) Sarah Q. To et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Serum lipids associated with inflammation-related PET-FDG uptake in symptomatic carotid plaque

(2014) D. N. Chroinin et al.   NEUROLOGY

Targeted Disruption of LDLR Causes Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Yucatan Miniature Pigs

(2014) Bryan T. Davis et al.   PLoS One

Genetic deletion of platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha but not its extracellular domain protects from atherosclerosis

(2014) Ekaterina Koltsova et al.   THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS

MiR-143/145 deficiency attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice

(2014) Federica Sala et al.   THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS

Distribution of EV71 receptors SCARB2 and PSGL-1 in human tissues

(2014) Xiao-Yang Jiao et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

Sex-Related Differences of Coronary Atherosclerosis Regression Following Maximally Intensive Statin Therapy

(2014) Rishi Puri et al.   JACC-Cardiovascular Imaging

Testosterone and cardiovascular disease

(2014) C. Mary Schooling   Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity

Classical and Alternative Activation and Metalloproteinase Expression Occurs in Foam Cell Macrophages in Male and Female ApoE Null Mice in the Absence of T and B Lymphocytes

(2014) Elaine Mo Hayes et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Vav Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors Regulate Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Mice

(2013) Shaik O. Rahaman et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Decreased numbers of regulatory T cells are associated with human atherosclerotic lesion vulnerability and inversely correlate with infiltrated mature dendritic cells

(2013) Barbara Dietel et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

TLR3 deficiency protects against collagen degradation and medial destruction in murine atherosclerotic plaques

(2013) Minako Ishibashi et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

17β-Estradiol Suppresses the Macrophage Foam Cell Formation Associated with SOCS3

(2013) X. Liang et al.   HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH

Immune Effector Mechanisms Implicated in Atherosclerosis: From Mice to Humans

(2013) Peter Libby et al.   IMMUNITY

Arterial insulin resistance in Yucatan micropigs with diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome

(2013) Cecilia C. Low Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS

Determinants of Extraaortic Arterial 18F-FDG Accumulation in Asymptomatic Cohorts: Sex Differences in the Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Stenosis

(2013) K. Kaneko et al.   JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Sex-differentiated changes in C-reactive protein from ages 9 to 21: The contributions of BMI and physical/sexual maturation

(2013) Lilly Shanahan et al.   PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY

Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Cloned Minipigs Created by DNA Transposition of a Human PCSK9 Gain-of-Function Mutant

(2013) R. H. Al-Mashhadi et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Sex Is Associated With the Presence of Atherosclerotic Plaque Hemorrhage and Modifies the Relation Between Plaque Hemorrhage and Cardiovascular Outcome

(2013) Joyce E.P. Vrijenhoek et al.   STROKE

Sex Differences of High-Risk Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque with Less Than 50% Stenosis in Asymptomatic Patients: An In Vivo 3T MRI Study

(2012) H. Ota et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY

Animal Models of Atherosclerosis

(2012) Godfrey S. Getz et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Shared monocyte subset phenotypes in HIV-1 infection and in uninfected subjects with acute coronary syndrome

(2012) N. T. Funderburg et al.   BLOOD

A Dietary Resveratrol-Rich Grape Extract Prevents the Developing of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Aorta of Pigs Fed an Atherogenic Diet

(2012) María Azorín-Ortuño et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY

Sex-related differences in carotid plaque features and inflammation

(2012) Giuseppe Sangiorgi et al.   JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY

The sex-specific association of Met62Ile gene polymorphism in P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL-1) with carotid plaque presence: preliminary study

(2012) Maja Živković et al.   MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS

Gender and the Extent of Coronary Atherosclerosis, Plaque Composition, and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndromes

(2012) Alexandra J. Lansky et al.   JACC-Cardiovascular Imaging

Sex Differences in Early Carotid Atherosclerosis (from the Community-Based Gutenberg-Heart Study)

(2011) Christoph Sinning et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY

A Selective Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 Inhibitor Retards Atherosclerotic Plaque Development in Apolipoprotein E–Knockout Mice

(2011) Jason L. Johnson et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Histological changes and risk factor associations in type 2 atherosclerotic lesions (fatty streaks) in young adults

(2011) Satoki Homma et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Estrogen-dependent activation of neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase underlying gender difference of atherogenesis in apoE−/− mice

(2011) Tsuyoshi Chiba et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

ADAMTS13 reduces vascular inflammation and the development of early atherosclerosis in mice

(2011) C. Gandhi et al.   BLOOD

B1a B Lymphocytes Are Atheroprotective by Secreting Natural IgM That Increases IgM Deposits and Reduces Necrotic Cores in Atherosclerotic Lesions

(2011) Tin Kyaw et al.   CIRCULATION RESEARCH

Distribution of Inflammation Within Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques With High-Risk Morphological Features

(2011) Amparo L. Figueroa et al.   Circulation-Cardiovascular Imaging

Caveolin-1 deficiency decreases atherosclerosis by hampering leukocyte influx into the arterial wall and generating a regulatory T-cell response

(2011) David Engel et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Endothelial and Macrophage-Specific Deficiency of P38α MAPK Does Not Affect the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− Mice

(2011) Rozina Kardakaris et al.   PLoS One

CD137 (4–1BB) Deficiency Reduces Atherosclerosis in Hyperlipidemic Mice

(2010) Hyung Jun Jeon et al.   CIRCULATION

Standardized single-platform assay for human monocyte subpopulations: Lower CD14+CD16++ monocytes in females

(2010) Irene Heimbeck et al.   CYTOMETRY PART A

Pharmacological Inhibition of Cathepsin S Decreases Atherosclerotic Lesions in Apoe-/- Mice

(2010) Andriy O Samokhin et al.   JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY

Gender-Specific Expression of  1 Integrin of VLA-4 in Myelin Basic Protein-Primed T Cells: Implications for Gender Bias in Multiple Sclerosis

(2010) S. Brahmachari et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Conventional B2 B Cell Depletion Ameliorates whereas Its Adoptive Transfer Aggravates Atherosclerosis

(2010) T. Kyaw et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

The relative atherogenicity of VLDL and LDL is dependent on the topographic site

(2010) Eline Van Craeyveld et al.   JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH

Arterial colony stimulating factor-1 influences atherosclerotic lesions by regulating monocyte migration and apoptosis

(2010) Zory Shaposhnik et al.   JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH

Effects of 17 β-estradiol on lipopolysacharride-induced intracellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression and Ca2+ homeostasis alteration in human endothelial cells

(2010) Der Thor et al.   VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY

Dietary Cholesterol Plays a Role in CD36-Mediated Atherogenesis in LDLR-Knockout Mice

(2009) David J. Kennedy et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Sex differences of carotid intima-media thickness in healthy children and adolescents

(2009) Birgit Böhm et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

The Association between Inflammatory Markers and Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Sex Dependent: the Tromsø Study

(2009) Dag S. Halvorsen et al.   CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES

Activation of farnesoid X receptor prevents atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDLR−/−and apoE−/−mice

(2009) Helen B. Hartman et al.   JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH

CD59 but not DAF deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis in female ApoE knockout mice

(2009) Guipeng An et al.   MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY

Social Stress, Visceral Obesity, and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Female Primates

(2009) Carol A. Shively et al.   Obesity

Brief Report: Increased Apoptosis in Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions of Apoe −/− Mice Lacking Macrophage Bcl-2

(2008) Edward Thorp et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Risk factor correlates of platelet and leukocyte markers assessed by flow cytometry in a population-based sample

(2008) Aaron R. Folsom et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Preliminary evaluation of a self-complementary AAV2/8 vector for hepatic gene transfer of human apoE3 to inhibit atherosclerotic lesion development in apoE-deficient mice

(2008) Eyman Osman et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Endothelial Cell-Specific NF-κB Inhibition Protects Mice from Atherosclerosis

(2008) Ralph Gareus et al.   Cell Metabolism

Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 ( Ddr1 ) Deletion Decreases Atherosclerosis by Accelerating Matrix Accumulation and Reducing Inflammation in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice

(2008) Christopher Franco et al.   CIRCULATION RESEARCH

VLDL best predicts aortic root atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice

(2008) Paul A. VanderLaan et al.   JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH

Gender differences in systemic inflammation and atheroma formation following Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in heterozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

(2008) C. Champagne et al.   JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH

Toll-like receptor 2 plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis that is independent of dietary lipids

(2007) Xinyan Liu et al.   ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Effect of age and sex on carotid intima-media thickness, elasticity and brachial endothelial function in healthy adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

(2007) M. Juonala et al.   EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL