Article
Agronomy
Joanei Cechin, Maicon Fernando Schmitz, Jonathan Schwanz Torchelsen, Miria Rosa Durigon, Dirceu Agostinetto, Leandro Vargas
Summary: The study found that planting winter cover crops such as cereal rye, common vetch, black oat, and feral radish can effectively suppress Italian ryegrass infestations and reduce the soil seed bank. Compared to weedy fallow, these crop management practices can reduce infestations by up to 80% to 96%.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ilda Vagge, Gemma Chiaffarelli
Summary: This study assesses the impact of alien species on rice field cultivations in the Western Po Plain. The results show a decrease in biodiversity and an increase in short-lived and alien species. Organic farms have higher biodiversity levels but also a higher percentage of invasive alien species. The deterioration of the territorial-landscape context plays a major role in shaping these patterns.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ferdoushi Rahaman, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Mohd Y. Rafii, Md Kamal Uddin, Lutful Hassan, Abul Kashem Chowdhury, H. M. Khairul Bashar
Summary: The study identified BR17 as a rice variety with significant inhibitory effects on barnyard grass, high yield capacity, and potential. The utilization of the allelopathy-weed inverse relationship to treat weed problems may be a fantastic choice for the future.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ausra Marcinkeviciene, Arunas Cmukas, Rimantas Velicka, Robertas Kosteckas, Lina Skinuliene
Summary: Undersown cover crops in combination with bio-preparations play an important role in weed control and seed yield of spring oilseed rape in organic farming. Among the cover crops, hairy vetch showed rapid growth and significantly higher aboveground dry biomass compared to other crops, while crimson clover had significantly higher aboveground dry biomass than perennial ryegrass and winter rye. The cover crops did not suppress early emerging weeds, but bio-preparation-treated perennial ryegrass was the most effective in weed suppression. The highest oilseed rape seed yield was obtained in plots without any cover crops but with bio-preparations, while perennial ryegrass as a cover crop with bio-preparations resulted in the highest reduction in oilseed rape seed yield.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Prabhat Poudel, Jorgen Odegaard, Siri Josefine Mo, Rebekka Kaald Andresen, Hans Andre Tandberg, Thomas Cottis, Harald Solberg, Kari Bysveen, Puspa Raj Dulal, Hesam Mousavi, Svein Oivind Solberg
Summary: Cover crops can provide environmental benefits in spring-grain systems by diversification, reduced nitrate leaching, and carbon sequestration. Field trials showed no significant reduction in grain yield due to the use of cover crops. However, a literature synthesis indicated a potential yield reduction with Italian ryegrass sown at the same time as the grain.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ajitha Antony, Ramanathan Karuppasamy
Summary: This study explores natural ACCase inhibitors that could enhance paddy yield by controlling weeds. The compound CNP0390839 (xanthoangelol) exhibited better inhibitory effects on weeds compared to other compounds. Additionally, the Angelica keiskei plant was found to inhibit weed growth.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Asad Shabbir, Lucy Hickman, Michael Walsh
Summary: This study evaluated the weed control effectiveness of different summer cover crops and found that teff grass has significant potential in the northern grains region.
Article
Agronomy
Gursewak Singh, Brian Ward, Amnon Levi, Matthew Cutulle
Summary: Weeds have a negative impact on the growth and profitability of organic vegetable crops. Weed management is a major challenge for organic vegetable growers due to limited control options. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a non-chemical pest management technique that creates oxygen-free conditions in the soil for a specific period. This study investigated the effectiveness of warm season cover crops as carbon sources for ASD and their role in weed management. The results showed that incorporating cover crops in non-aerated conditions provided better weed control and improved tomato plant growth and yield compared to other treatments. Warm season cover crops have the potential to be used as carbon sources for ASD in organic tomato production.
Article
Soil Science
Hong T. T. Phan, Tomke Susanne Wacker, Kristian Thorup-Kristensen
Summary: The study compared the effects of cover crop and autumn tillage systems on nitrogen uptake of barley and thistle, finding that cover crops facilitated nitrogen distribution in the topsoil, enhancing crop competitiveness and post-harvest control of perennial weeds.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Jianying Qi, Johannes L. Jensen, Bent T. Christensen, Lars J. Munkholm
Summary: Maintaining good soil structural stability is crucial for agricultural sustainability. Incorporation of cereal straw and use of cover crops can improve soil structural stability, increasing soil organic carbon content. Root biomass is marginally greater when cover crops are included, suggesting their potential benefits for soil stability.
Article
Agronomy
David A. Weisberger, Leonardo M. Bastos, Virginia R. Sykes, Nicholas T. Basinger
Summary: Cover crops (CCs) have the potential to suppress annual weeds within agronomic cropping systems in the United States. However, this potential may vary depending on the specific environmental and management factors of different geographic areas. A meta-analysis of studies conducted in the U.S. Southeast found that CCs had a negative effect on weed density but no effect on weed biomass or cash crop yield. The key factor associated with weed density reduction was the biomass of the cover crops.
Article
Agronomy
John W. Piltz, Stephen G. Morris, Leslie A. Weston
Summary: The best approach for controlling barley grass, annual ryegrass, and wild radish was found to be late paddock preparation, early October forage harvest, and effective regrowth control in a single year.
Article
Agronomy
Takushi Matsuoka, Naomi Asagi, Masakazu Komatsuzaki
Summary: The study indicates that using Italian ryegrass as a cover crop and cultivating organic rice under sparse planting conditions can increase yield and suppress weed growth.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Emily R. Reiss, Laurie E. Drinkwater
Summary: Increasing diversity in cover crops can improve ecosystem service outcomes, especially mixtures of grasses and legumes. In areas with lower soil nutrients, diversity tends to have a stronger effect, supporting the stress-gradient hypothesis.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xingliang Lu, Chuan Qin, Jinlong Cai, Min Zhang, Linhua Yu, Junkai Li, Qinglai Wu
Summary: In this study, a series of fenoxaprop-P-ethylamino acid ester conjugates were designed and synthesized, and their biological activity and phloem mobility were tested. The results showed that these compounds exhibited better activity against barnyard grass and less phytotoxicity to rice. Compounds 3i, 3j, and 3k showed excellently herbicidal activities against barnyard grass and low phytotoxicity to rice.
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sara Vitalini, Marcello Iriti, Stefania Garzoli
Summary: This study investigated the volatile chemical profile of Viola calcarata L. and Viola dubyana Burnat ex Gremli, and found differences in their composition. In addition, both essential oils showed significant scavenging activity against free radicals and exhibited phytotoxic effects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefania Garzoli, Francesca Orlando, Marcello Iriti, Sara Vitalini
Summary: Some Solanaceae plants, such as Solanum linnaeanum, contain sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins that can inhibit the germination and growth of target species. The leaf powder and aqueous extract of S. linnaeanum were found to be toxic to Lolium multiflorum, Sinapis alba, and Trifolium incarnatum. The effectiveness of the treatments varied depending on the matrix used, with L. multiflorum being the most sensitive and S. alba being the most resistant. The volatile chemical profile of S. linnaeanum leaves, characterized using SPME-GC/MS technique, revealed the presence of various compounds that could be useful in controlling harmful plants.
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Vitalini, Marcello Iriti, Elisa Ovidi, Valentina Laghezza Masci, Antonio Tiezzi, Stefania Garzoli
Summary: The present study chemically characterized the volatile composition of Citrus medica var. sarcodactylus fruit and evaluated the antiradical power, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of its essential oil, hydrolate, and methanol extracts. The results showed that limonene and gamma-terpinene were the most abundant compounds in the fruit, and the essential oil exhibited good antiradical and antibacterial activities. The hydrolate did not show antibacterial activity, while the methanol extracts from both the exocarp and mesocarp had high efficacy against the tested bacteria. The extracts also showed cytotoxicity against leukemia cells.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Sara Vitalini, Luca Nalbone, Cristian Bernardi, Marcello Iriti, Rosaria Costa, Nicola Cicero, Filippo Giarratana, Lisa Vallone
Summary: This study evaluated the chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of store-bought parsley and ginger essential oils. Parsley essential oil showed the best compromise between sensory influence and antimicrobial activity. It effectively prevented the growth of A. flavus in cheese.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Stefania Garzoli, Vittoria Cicaloni, Laura Salvini, Giacomo Trespidi, Marcello Iriti, Sara Vitalini
Summary: In this study, the volatile content of three morphotypes of Achillea millefolium L. collected in different points of the Italian Alpine area was analyzed using SPME-GC-MS technique. The results showed a high content of terpenic compounds in all morphotypes, with a predominance of monoterpenes over sesquiterpenes except for the white morphotype at collection point A. Statistical analysis was also performed to interpret the distribution of the components in relation to the morphotype and collection point.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sara Vitalini, Marta Di Martile, Vittoria Cicaloni, Matteo Iannone, Laura Salvini, Donatella Del Bufalo, Marcello Iriti, Stefania Garzoli
Summary: The chemical composition and biological activities of fresh leaves and inflorescences of Chinook hops were investigated. Forty-two molecules belonging to different chemical classes were identified, with twenty-three being terpene compounds. Activity assays were carried out on the powders after extraction with methanol and distilled water, and the methanolic extracts showed stronger antioxidant activity. Preliminary studies on human cancer cell lines also showed marginal effects on cell proliferation.
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marcello Iriti
DRUG TARGET INSIGHTS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Stefania Garzoli, Valentina Vaglia, Marcello Iriti, Sara Vitalini
Summary: The chemical content of essential oils from four Pinaceae plants (Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus cembra, and Pinus mugo) was analyzed using SPME-GC-MS technique. Monoterpenes, such as alpha-pinene, limonene, and beta-myrcene, were the most abundant compounds. The liquid phase of the essential oils was dominated by mono- and sesquiterpenes. The essential oils exhibited significant phytotoxic activity against Lolium multiflorum and Sinapis alba, reducing germination and growth rates.
Article
Microbiology
Oumaima Amassmoud, Imane Abbad, Marcello Iriti, Lahcen Hassani, Noureddine Mezrioui, Abdelaziz Abbad
Summary: This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of Moroccan endemic Thymus broussonnetii essential oil (EO) alone and in combination with other medicinal plant essential oils. The results showed that T. broussonnetii EO exhibited strong inhibitory activity against tested bacteria and had synergistic effects when combined with conventional antibiotics, suggesting its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent.
CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Sara Vitalini, Beatrice Rubin, Halenya Monticelli, Susi Barollo, Marco Redaelli, Loris Bertazza, Caterina Mian, Maira Zorzan, Stefania Garzoli, Marcello Iriti, Raffaele Pezzani
Summary: This study found that both aerial and underground parts of Gymnadenia nigra have antitumor activity on adrenocortical cancer cells. The aerial part extract showed significant effects on cell viability and morphology in vitro. Additionally, the aerial part extract exhibited better DPPH radical scavenging and protease inhibition abilities.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2023)
