Review
Cell Biology
Nikhilesh Anand, Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla, Saravana Babu Chidambaram
Summary: Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbial ecosystem in the human gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in regulating the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. Dysfunctional signaling in the gut-brain axis has been linked to various neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Changes in gut microbes, known as gut dysbiosis, have been found to affect neuropsychiatric health by altering signaling pathways in the gut-brain axis. Long-term gut dysbiosis can lead to overstimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and neuroimmune system, resulting in inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal death. The integrity of the intestinal and blood-brain barrier, as well as gut and brain immune functions, is also disrupted. This review highlights the potential interaction between gut dysbiosis and neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric disorders and discusses non-therapeutic strategies for their management.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wenhao Jing, Chenchen Bi, Zhou Fang, Chao Qian, Jiaqi Chen, Jingru Yu, Guoqiang Tian, Mengfei Ye, Zheng Liu
Summary: Patients who have undergone liver transplantation often experience mental and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, sleep disorders, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These disorders have a negative impact on rehabilitation and can impair individuals, reducing their quality of life. Although there are screening tools and effective treatments, the neuropsychiatric sequelae after liver transplantation (NSALT) have not been fully diagnosed and treated. Recent research suggests that NSALT may be partially related to changes in intestinal microbiota, but the detailed mechanism is still unclear. In this review, we discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, prevalence, prediction, clinical course and outcome, management, and treatment of NSALT, as well as summarize the mechanisms through the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis. Finally, we propose improving NSALT by adjusting the gastrointestinal flora, immune inflammation, or vagus nerve (VN), offering a novel strategy for clinical prevention and treatment.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Luana M. Manosso, Jaime Lin, Anelise S. Carlessi, Kelen C. C. Recco, Joao Quevedo, Cinara L. Goncalves, Gislaine Z. Reus
Summary: Sex differences play an essential role in neuropsychiatric disorders, potentially involving neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and physiological sex differences. The microbiota composition is sensitive to factors such as sex, age, and diet, influencing the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut and impacting overall homeostasis.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura Diaz-Marugan, Mattia Gallizioli, Leonardo Marquez-Kisinousky, Silvia Arboleya, Annalaura Mastrangelo, Francisca Ruiz-Jaen, Jordi Pedragosa, Climent Casals, Francisco Javier Morales, Sara Ramos-Romero, Sara Traserra, Carles Justicia, Miguel Gueimonde, Marcel Jimenez, Josep Lluis Torres, Xabier Urra, Angel Chamorro, David Sancho, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilan, Francesc Miro-Mur, Anna M. Planas
Summary: Severe stroke patients often experience respiratory and urinary tract infections. This is mainly due to opportunistic commensal bacteria translocating from the gut. This study investigated the mechanisms behind gut dysbiosis and poststroke infection.
Article
Microbiology
Yichi Yang, Mone Mori, Kyi Mar Wai, Tao Jiang, Yoshikuni Sugimura, Wataru Munakata, Tatsuya Mikami, Koichi Murashita, Shigeyuki Nakaji, Kazushige Ihara
Summary: Depression is a leading cause of disease worldwide, and the association between gut microbiota and depression has rarely been studied in the Japanese population. By analyzing health check-up data, it was found that certain genera of gut microbiota were significantly associated with depression and may influence the depressive symptoms of the host through the production of butyrate.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebecca Katharina Masanetz, Juergen Winkler, Beate Winner, Claudia Guenther, Patrick Suess
Summary: This review summarizes the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including the cascade along the gut-immune-brain axis, neuroinflammatory changes, and the role of intestinal microbiota.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Niklas D. Aardema, Daphne M. Rodriguez, Arnaud J. Van Wettere, Abby D. Benninghoff, Korry J. Hintze
Summary: Research indicates that both TWD and vancomycin treatment independently increase parameters associated with gut inflammation and tumorigenesis, while mice fed the TWD and treated with vancomycin have higher tumor rates. Vancomycin treatment decreases alpha diversity and alters the abundance of taxa at various levels. The basal diet has minor effects on the gut microbiome composition.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tengfei He, Xiaohui Cheng, Chungen Xing
Summary: 16SrDNA sequencing revealed a more diverse microbial community in the feces of colon cancer patients, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful bacteria. These findings provide microbial strategies for the treatment of colon cancer.
Article
Microbiology
Divakar Dahiya, Poonam Singh Nigam
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and preventing disease development. Probiotic microorganisms, available in various forms such as fermented foods and freeze-dried supplements, are important in maintaining a healthy balance of gut bacteria and alleviating certain diseases.
Review
Neurosciences
Bowen Sun, Harshal Sawant, Alip Borthakur, Ji Chen Bihl
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from gut bacteria play a crucial role in the bidirectional communication and crosstalk between the gut and the brain. They can cross the blood-brain barrier and exert regulatory functions on brain cells, offering therapeutic potential for neurological disorders. This review presents the current understanding of the therapeutic potential of gut microbial-derived EVs in treating neurological disorders and discusses recent studies on developing superior therapeutic microbial EVs.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jae Gwang Song, Myeong-Sang Yu, Bomi Lee, Jingyu Lee, Su-Hee Hwang, Dokyun Na, Hyung Wook Kim
Summary: The gut microbiome is strongly associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, and understanding this connection could lead to alternative therapies for neuronal diseases.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tom Knuesel, M. Hasan Mohajeri
Summary: This review examines the connection between the intestinal microbiota and major depressive and bipolar disorder in humans. The study finds that the diversity of the intestinal microbiota is decreased in depressed subjects and identifies specific bacterial changes associated with depressive symptoms. Probiotics containing Bifidobacterium and/or Lactobacillus spp. show promise in alleviating depressive symptoms, and novel approaches with different probiotics and synbiotics also yield positive results.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tongtong Ge, Xiaoxiao Yao, Haisheng Zhao, Wei Yang, Xiaohan Zou, Fanzhen Peng, Bingjin Li, Ranji Cui
Summary: Increasing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be involved in the physiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders, but the exact pathways are still unclear. The complex crosstalk between neuroendocrine and immunological regulation may underlie the mechanisms by which gut microbiota are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Omar Hahad, Andreas Daiber, Matthias Michal, Marin Kuntic, Klaus Lieb, Manfred Beutel, Thomas Muenzel
Summary: Despite efforts to combat smoking, it remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. There is strong evidence linking smoking to increased risk of neuropsychiatric diseases, indicating the importance of addressing this relationship in public health policies and measures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Julia Murciano-Brea, Martin Garcia-Montes, Stefano Geuna, Celia Herrera-Rincon
Summary: The evidence connecting gut bacteria and brain neurons has led to a paradigm shift in neuroscience, highlighting the importance of bidirectional communication between intestinal bacteria and the brain. This interaction may have significant implications for brain function and behavior.