Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Weidong Liu, Benxin Wu
Summary: While micromachining SiC remains challenging, HIFU-based UWLM process shows potential in improving machining rate and quality, and solves issues in laser machining process through in-situ ultrasound cleaning effect.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Optics
Weikang Rong, Kota Ando, Takashi Nakajima
Summary: Optical diffusers are essential in modern technologies and a cheap fabrication technique is desired. By using ablation-assisted nanosecond laser micromachining with a metal target behind the glass substrate, the optical properties of the diffusers can be controlled. Laser cleaning is also shown to be an efficient method for removing deposits after micromachining. The demonstrated technique is a quick, cost effective way for fabricating optical diffusers.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Qiuling Wen, Jinhong Chen, Jing Lu, Dekui Mu, Feng Jiang
Summary: Laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation (LIPAA) is an advanced micromachining technique used for fabricating microstructures on transparent hard brittle materials. This study investigated the influence of surface roughness and types of sacrificial target materials on the micromachining of sapphire using LIPAA. The results showed that the etching efficiency of LIPAA increases with increasing surface roughness of the target, and the Fe target has the highest etching efficiency while the Si target has the best etching morphology.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Fazlay Rubbi, Xing Zhang, Fatemeh Delzendehrooy, Bo Mao, Qiong Nian, Charalabos C. Doumanidis, Yiliang Liao
Summary: A chemical etching enhanced PLM (CE-PLM) technique was developed in this study, utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the liquid confinement to enhance the laser ablation rate and efficiency through the synergistic effect of laser ablation and ultrafast chemical etching. The findings contribute to enhancing the efficiency and capability of PLM techniques for broader industrial applications.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Emily H. Kwapis, Eliel Villa-Aleman, Kyle C. Hartig
Summary: This research aims to investigate the influence of atmospheric conditions and oxidation reactions on the spectroscopic characteristics of laser-induced plutonium surrogate plasmas. Time-resolved spectra of nanosecond laser ablation cerium plasmas were measured in various atmospheres containing different concentrations of oxygen. The results showed that in oxygen-rich environments, the presence of CeO decreased from around 60 & mu;s to 50 & mu;s, and significant growth of CeO molecular emission bands was observed. The formation and depletion of CeO in the laser-produced plasma were further studied using integrated intensities of the CeO D1-X1 transition and strong atomic Ce peaks.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andreas Tuennermann, Carsten Momma, Stefan Nolte
Summary: Ultrashort pulse lasers have been widely used in precise micromachining. This article presents a brief perspective on the development of this innovative technology from the 1990s until today.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Keisuke Sota, Kota Ando, Takashi Nakajima
Summary: In laser micromachining of metal substrates, the use of a metal film on the substrate can result in high-quality nanosecond laser micromachining by selectively ablating the film while keeping the substrate intact. However, fabricating high-quality lines remains challenging.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Haitao Wang, Yufeng Wang, Bin Wang, Yang Liu, Wenwu Zhang
Summary: The novel CW-LIPM method allows for cleaner surface processing while maintaining machining accuracy. The study also explored the effects of microbubble explosions on surface roughness and the impact of laser pulse energy, frequency, and water-jet velocity on plasma distribution.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ni Chen, Runkai Wang, Balasubramanian Nagarajan, Bo Yan, Yang Wu, Ning He, Sylvie Castagne
Summary: The study proposes a strategy of metal-coating-assisted laser ablation to improve the machining quality of diamond, and establishes a model to evaluate surface roughness and ablation depth. Laser ablation with coatings significantly reduces surface roughness of diamond while having minimal impact on ablation depth.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Nian Liu, Kentaro Sugimoto, Naoya Yoshitaka, Hideaki Yamada, Rongyan Sun, Kenta Arima, Kazuya Yamamura
Summary: A novel hybrid process combining nanosecond pulsed laser trimming and plasma-assisted polishing was proposed to flatten and smooth large-sized single-crystal diamond substrates. The process successfully reduced the roughness and improved the flatness of the diamond surface. Spectrophotometer and Raman results confirmed that no non-diamond phase was generated during the process.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Huanzhen Zhang, Lei Zhang, Gaofu Men, Ning Han, Guohua Cui
Summary: Metal matrix composites are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their lightweight and high strength properties. Laser processing techniques are required to overcome the challenges of conventional methods. This study investigated the surface morphology and element distribution of SiC particle-reinforced Al matrix composites using different pulse fluences of laser irradiation, revealing the behavior of the molten matrix and SiC particles under different conditions.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Canxu Zhai, Ye Tian, Longshang Wang, Ziwen Jia, Ying Li, Yuan Lu, Jinjia Guo, Wangquan Ye, Ronger Zheng
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics of laser-induced plasma generated in water and in air, and compares the differences between two laser pulse durations of 6 ns and 17 ns. It is found that the 17 ns laser in water induces a brighter plasma and a stronger LIBS signal, while the 6 ns laser is more effective in air. These differences are attributed to the different plasma growth mechanisms in water and in air.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yongfeng Qian, Minqiang Jiang, Zhiyu Zhang, Hu Huang, Jing Hong, Jiwang Yan
Summary: The gas atmosphere significantly affects the surface characteristics and mechanical properties of laser-ablated metallic glass, but does not influence the formation of micro-convex.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
D. Cha, D. Axinte
Summary: The study reveals significant differences between single and multiple pulse ablation processes in nanosecond semi-transparent ceramics, showing a positive feedback mechanism of heat accumulation leading to increasingly absorbing material and eventual ablation. The temperature dependence of material absorption behavior causes interesting dynamics, such as delayed starting time for material removal and drastic changes in energy distribution within the sample during a laser pulse.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Roberto Memeo, Mattia Bertaso, Roberto Osellame, Francesca Bragheri, Andrea Crespi
Summary: Femtosecond laser micromachining is an established technique for fabricating complex three-dimensional structures in glass. The combination of laser writing and chemical etching allows for the fabrication of hollow structures and the integration of optical and fluidic components in a single substrate, enabling the development of optofluidic devices for various applications.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zeshan Adeel Umar, Usman Liaqat, Rizwan Ahmed, Rinda Hedwig, M. Ramli, M. A. Marpaung, K. H. Kurniawan, M. Pardede, Muhammad Aslam Baig
Summary: The study utilized LIBS to analyze the micronutrients in Moringa oleifera leaves, revealing that the major element is carbon and the presence of other micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, sodium, aluminum, titanium, strontium, and lithium. The concentrations of these micronutrients were validated by ICP-OES, demonstrating LIBS as a practical candidate for elemental analysis and detection of potentially toxic elements.
ANALYTICAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Sadaf Batool, Zakir Hussain, Usman Liaqat, Manzar Sohail
Summary: This study reports a facile synthesis method for bone whitlockite using a solid-state reaction. Characterization analysis confirmed the presence of whitlockite crystalline phase and characteristic peak of bone whitlockite in the synthesized material. The synthesized particles have an appropriate size and are stable within a certain temperature range.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Hina Waris, Usman Liaqat, Iftikhar Hussain Gul, Muhammad Irfan
Summary: In this study, cobalt, magnesium and lithium dopant substitutions were performed in SrFe(12-2x)(Co,Mg,Li)(x)O-19 using sol-gel method. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and FTIR, showing enhanced dielectric properties and increased conductivity with increasing dopant concentration. The results suggest potential applications of the prepared nanoparticles in supercapacitors and charge storage devices.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM
(2022)
Article
Optics
M. Asif, U. Amin, Z. U. Rehman, R. Ali, H. Qayyum
Summary: The study investigates palladium plasma generated by nanosecond pulsed lasers with 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths using a planar Langmuir probe. The results show that the ion charge and kinetic energy of palladium ions produced by both laser wavelengths increase with the laser fluence. However, the ion charge and kinetic energy produced by 1064 nm wavelength exhibit a faster rate of increase compared to 532 nm wavelength due to the dominance of inverse bremsstrahlung plasma heating at higher plasma densities.
Article
Optics
U. Amin, M. Asif, Z. U. Rehman, R. Ali, H. Qayyum
Summary: This study reports on the experimental findings regarding the effects of laser wavelength on proton emission from a palladium plasma. The results show that the proton yield is higher for shorter wavelengths at lower laser intensities, but it does not depend on the wavelength at higher laser intensities. The proton kinetic energy also varies depending on the wavelength.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Shahab Ahmed Abbasi, Bushra Ilyas, Ashiq Hussain Dogar, Hamza Qayyum, Nasar Ahmed, Taj Muhammad Khan, Abdul Qayyum
Summary: The distribution of energy and charge state of carbon ions, carbon cluster ions, and protons produced during laser irradiation of graphite was investigated. Different charge states and energy ranges were observed for these ions at various laser fluences. The presence of energetic protons at a high laser fluence was surprising. The complex ion accelerating mechanism was discussed within the framework of the electrostatic model.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Tehmina Azam, Syed Hassan Bukhari, Usman Liaqat, Waheed Miran
Summary: Human antibodies, specifically IgG, play a crucial role in immune response by controlling infections and serving as diagnostic tools for various diseases. Research on biosensors for IgG detection has become important, and electrochemical biosensors coupled with nanomaterials provide reliable detection strategies. This review serves as a guide for future research on IgG biosensors and other biosensing systems.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Khurram Yaqoob, Izza Amjad, Muhammad Awais Munir Awan, Usman Liaqat, Muhammad Zahoor, Muhammad Kashif
Summary: A novel method for preparing three-dimensional interconnected microporous titanium foams has been developed, in which a filler metal is inserted into titanium, followed by electrochemical dealloying for foam development. The developed foams showed interconnected porosity, and their mechanical and thermal properties were characterized. The developed titanium foams had elastic modulus close to human bones and higher yield strength, indicating potential for reducing stress shielding in orthopedic implants.
Article
Optics
Hamza Qayyum, Aatif Ali Wahaj, Ayesha Noor, Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty, Nuha Al-Harbi, Abdul Qayyum, Zia Ur Rehman
Summary: Air breakdown induced by a 1064 nm nanosecond pulsed laser beam is studied, and the laser energy partitioning is analyzed as a function of incident laser energy. The study shows that the energy deposited in the breakdown plasma rapidly increases with incident laser energy, while the energy carried away by the shock wave decreases linearly. At lower laser energies, the shock wave carries most of the laser energy, while at higher laser energies, the energy used in plasma heating or released as radiation becomes more important. These findings have significant implications for various applications such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, laser ignition, and laser propulsion.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Muhammad Bilal, Sadaf Batool, Zakir Hussain, Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi, Usman Liaqat
Summary: In this work, a polymeric composite of gelatin/HPMC containing hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) filler was synthesized using a facile solvent casting method. The obtained results confirmed the successful crosslinking of polymeric blends and uniform dispersion of fillers in the polymer matrix. The addition of HA and TCP filler significantly increased the mechanical strength, surface hydrophilicity, and roughness.
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Fatma Abdel Samad, M. Sh. Abdel-wahab, Wael Z. Z. Tawfik, Hamza Qayyum, Retna Apsari, Tarek Mohamed
Summary: This study investigated the nonlinear absorption properties of ITO thin films using femtosecond, high-repetition rate, and near-infrared laser pulses. The results showed a reverse saturable absorption phenomenon in the ITO thin films. The nonlinear absorption properties varied based on the thickness of the ITO films, incident laser power, and excitation wavelength.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shahab Ahmed Abbasi, Ashiq Hussain Dogar, Muhammad Rafique, Asadullah Dawood, Hamza Qayyum, Abdul Qayyum
Summary: The effects of magnetic field on the angular distribution of laser produced tungsten ions were investigated. A plasma plume was generated by irradiating the surface of a tungsten target with a nanosecond pulsed laser beam inside a vacuum chamber under a magnetic field of 0.23 T. The angular distribution of the tungsten ion flux was measured and explained using the Anisimov model. The magnetic field caused a temporal splitting of the ion signals into fast and slow ion components, enhancing the intensity of the fast ion group significantly.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Amir Fayyaz, Raheel Ali, Muhammad Waqas, Usman Liaqat, Rizwan Ahmad, Zeshan A. Umar, Muhammed A. Baig
Summary: The present study aimed to analyze rare earth elements in geological ores from the Northern Areas of Pakistan using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-TOF-MS). The results showed that LIBS could provide quick and reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis of unknown geological samples.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yu Zhuang, Anqi Liu, Shengjie Jiang, Usman Liaqat, Kaili Lin, Wenjun Sun, Changyong Yuan
Summary: This study investigated the osteogenic and angiogenic properties of four types of bioactive bioceramic with different strontium concentrations. The results showed that Sr-HA could enhance cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic gene expression through different signaling pathways. Additionally, the conditioned medium of cells also had a promoting effect on angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In vivo experiments demonstrated enhanced newly-formed vessels and new bone formation in Sr-HA scaffolds.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Anum Ayub Awan, Usman Liaqat, Zakir Hussain
Summary: This study successfully synthesized hydroxyapatite nanostructures with different morphologies through wet chemical precipitation, and investigated the effects of pH and annealing temperature on their shape, crystallite, and particle size.
JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Zhi-Huan Pang, Meng Liu, Ai-Ping Luo, Yi Xu, Wen-Cheng Xu, Songnian Fu, Zhi-Chao Luo
Summary: We propose a novel mode-dependent gain equalizer using a few-mode chirped fiber Bragg grating (FM-CFBG) to effectively mitigate the mode-dependent gain in an all-fiber 2-mode EDFA. The equalizer based on FM-CFBG offers compact size, low insertion loss, and wavelength scalability, making it meaningful for long-haul MDM transmission.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Yiwei Qiu, Chenliang Ding, Gangyao Zhan, Mengdi Luo, Jisen Wen, Mengbo Tang, Chun Cao, Wenjie Liu, Liang Xu, Bihu Lv, Dazhao Zhu, Cuifang Kuang, Xu Liu
Summary: This article proposes a novel method to simultaneously reduce the axial and lateral feature sizes of PPI-DLW. By employing a pseudo 3D hollow focus, a suspended nanowire with an isotropic 30-nm feature size was realized, thereby improving the capabilities of PPI-DLW for fabricating arbitrary 3D structures.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Manzhuo Wang, Jianbo Yue, Zhentao Yao, Tingyu Liu, Xiaoqiang Sun, Yuanda Wu, Daming Zhang
Summary: A silica waveguide 1×8 thermo-optic switch consisting of cascaded three-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) is successfully demonstrated. The switch utilizes a multimode interference (MMI) coupler in the MMI-MZI 1×2 switch unit for its wavelength insensitivity and favorable fabrication tolerance. The switch design and optimization is based on the beam propagation method (BPM) and implemented using standard CMOS technologies. Experimental results show that the switch meets the requirements for insertion loss and crosstalk at 1550 nm wavelength, and also performs well in a wide wavelength range.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
H. M. de la Cruz, E. D. Hernandez-Campos, E. Ortiz-Ricardo, A. Martinez-Borquez, I. Rosas-Roman, V. Contreras, G. Ramos-Ortiz, B. Mendoza-Santoyo, Cecilia I. Zurita-Lopez, R. Castro-Beltran
Summary: Acoustic levitation is an important contactless manipulation technique in various fields. This study presents an affordable phased-array levitator that can stably trap micrometer dye-doped droplets in the air, enabling the creation of microlasers. The levitated microlasers exhibit comparable optical lasing features to On-a-Chip devices, with a maximum Q-factor of approximately 105 and a minimum lasing threshold of approximately 150 nJ cm-2.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Yuqi Wang, Zilong Zhang, Suyi Zhao, Wei He, Xiaotian Li, Xin Wang, Yuchen Jie, Changming Zhao
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of localized defects in SLM devices on structured light generation and demonstrates the reconstructed light field results under different defect states using CGH loaded onto the DMD. The results show that central defects have minimal influence on the reconstructed light field, while edge defects have a significant impact. This study expands the application scenarios for the generation of structured light beams with SLM.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Ashraf A. A. Beshr, Hossam El-Din Fawzy, Ehab A. A. Eldin, Jong Wan Hu, Fathi A. Abdelmgeed
Summary: This paper introduces the application of digital measuring techniques, specifically Digital Close Range Photogrammetry (DCRP), in the detection of deformation in post-tensioned structural elements (PTSEs). The use of digital equipment and a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) allows for highly accurate monitoring of PTSE camber, with deviations not exceeding 0.01 mm.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Shihao Gou, Danping Huang, Shipeng Liao, Fan Luo, Yang Yuan, Liang Liu, Xiaomei Wen
Summary: This paper proposes an online intelligent detection method for cable pitch defects in the field of optical cable manufacturing. The method utilizes a multi-sensor fusion image acquisition platform and deep learning technology to achieve accurate detection of pitch defects in optical cables.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Tun-Yao Hung, David W. U. Chan, Ching-Wei Peng, Chi-Wai Chow, Hon Ki Tsang
Summary: We present the first experimental demonstration of a high-capacity short-reach optical communication link which utilizes LSTM and DNN to achieve 300 Gbit/s 8-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM8) generated by a single microring modulator. The experimental results show that 300 Gbit/s and 270 Gbit/s PAM8 modulation can be achieved at back-to-back and after 1 km transmission respectively.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Long Zhang, Li Pei, Jianshuai Wang, Jingjing Zheng, Kaihua Hu, Zhiqi Li, Tigang Ning, Jing Li, Li Zhong, Ruisi He
Summary: The amplification of long-haul mode division multiplexing (MDM) transmission systems is currently achieved through three steps, which can result in complexity and degraded transmission performance. To address this issue, this paper proposes an in-line few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (FM-EDFA) based on cladding pumping, which enables simultaneous amplification and transmission in MDM systems. Experimental results demonstrate that the in-line FM-EDFA has excellent performance and shows great potential for practical long-haul transmission systems.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Chong Wang, Miaomiao Li, Jiahao Yang, Bingli Zhu, Jianghao Han, Wenbin Dang
Summary: This paper introduces the design of drive circuits using step recovery diodes and RF bipolar transistors to produce narrow pulse lasers, achieving the reduction of system size, power consumption and cost.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Ziqian Zhang, Liangyu Zhao, Chaorun Si, Yang Tian, Shilin Xu
Summary: A Hastelloy C276 coating was prepared on a martensitic stainless-steel substrate using laser melting deposition, resulting in a coating with high resistance to cavitation erosion. The coating exhibited a thick, progressively changing grain morphology from bottom to top, and the grains grew in a specific angle to the substrate plane. A compositional mixing zone was formed at the interface, forming a stable metallurgical bond. The coating showed a significantly improved hardness and enhanced resistance to cavitation erosion compared to the substrate.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Cui-Hong Li, Chao-Xiong He, Yuan-Yuan Ma, Jin-Chuan Wang, Ying Dong, Shao-Chong Zhu, Xiao-Wen Gao, Hui-Zhu Hu
Summary: In this paper, a non-contact optical measuring method for characterizing nanoparticles using optical tweezers is presented. The method relies on the optical polarization and scattering of nanoparticles, providing insights into both shape and size parameters. Experimental results show that the method can accurately measure the shape and size of nanoparticles, making it an effective tool for identifying and studying individual nanoparticles.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Magdalena Zieba, Cuma Tyszkiewicz, Katarzyna Wojtasik, Krystian Pavlov, Pawel Chaber, Ewa Gondek, Jacek Niziol, Roman Rogozinski, Pawel Kielan, Pawel Karasinski
Summary: This work presents a study on low-loss waveguide layers for planar evanescent wave sensor applications. Crack-free SiOx:TiOy composite layers with refractive indices of approximately 1.65 were fabricated using a sol-gel method and dip-coating technique. The fabricated layers exhibited good waveguide properties and optical homogeneity.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Yali He, Jiao Tang, Zhongyang Li, Yaowu Hu
Summary: In this paper, a lithography-free broadband absorbing metasurface consisting of Ag nanoparticles with ultrafine nanogaps is demonstrated. The experimental results and numerical simulations show that the horizontally compressed Ag nanoparticles possess smaller nanogaps for high sensitivity, uniformity, and stability. The novel substrate also exhibits insensitivity to the incident or observation angle in an ambient environment and has promising practical applications.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Optics
Linqing Li, Chengwei Yang, Zhuo Wang, Kun Xiao, Rui Min
Summary: In this study, a stretchable polymer optical fiber with a sandwich structure was proposed for sleep monitoring. The fiber improved the pressure sensitivity of the mattress and enabled the measurement of respiratory rate, heart rate, and body motion information.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
