Review
Cell Biology
Derek T. A. Lamport, Li Tan, Marcia J. Kieliszewski
Summary: Novel molecular pinball machines on the plasma membrane of plant cells regulate plant metabolism by controlling cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Factors such as proton pump activity, Ca2+ channel state, and the size of the periplasmic AGP-Ca2+ capacitor are crucial in maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis.
Review
Plant Sciences
Derek T. A. Lamport
Summary: The precise mechanism of oscillatory plant growth, ranging from circumnutation to pollen tube tip growth and stomatal movements, remains elusive. Recent research has discovered a universal growth oscillator with four major components including auxin-activated proton pumps, arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs), Ca2+ channels, and auxin efflux PIN proteins. These components combine to generate cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations which regulate oscillatory growth. This discovery challenges the prevalent acid growth theory and offers new insights into the role of proton pumps and AGPs in Ca2+ signaling and auxin transport.
Article
Developmental Biology
Ooi Kock Teh, Prerna Singh, Junling Ren, Lin Tzu Huang, Menaka Ariyarathne, Benjamin Prethiviraj Salamon, Yu Wang, Tomomichi Fujita, Toshihisa Kotake
Summary: Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are diverse cell wall glycoproteins that play a role in cell wall remodeling. In this study, two AGP glycoproteins named SLEEPING BEAUTY (SB) and SB-like (SBL) are identified as negative regulators of gametophore bud initiation in a moss species. They achieve this by reducing cell wall loosening/softening. Disrupting SB and SBL leads to accelerated gametophore formation and changes in cell wall compositions. The function of SB is dependent on glycosylation and genetically connected to auxin response factor transcription factors. Transcriptomics profiling reveals that SB upregulates a specific transcription factor that suppresses cell wall-modifying genes. The study demonstrates a mechanism by which SB modulates intracellular auxin signaling to control the timing of gametophore formation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shiqi Zhang, Ruixue Yu, Dongxue Yu, Pengjie Chang, Shiqi Guo, Xiaona Yang, Xinchun Liu, Chongyi Xu, Yuxin Hu
Summary: This study reveals the interplay between the calcium signaling module and auxin signaling in Arabidopsis, showing their important roles in callus and lateral root formation. The physical interaction between CaM-IQM and IAA proteins in a calcium-dependent manner is found to regulate auxin-induced callus formation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Elena Feraru, Mugurel Feraru, Jeanette Moulinier-Anzola, Maximilian Schwihla, Jonathan Ferreira Da Silva Santos, Lin Sun, Sascha Waidmann, Barbara Korbei, Juergen Kleine-Vehn
Summary: Plant cells maintain the homeostasis of auxin responses by regulating the abundance of PILS6 protein, ensuring robustness in auxin-dependent plant development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alicja Banasiak, Edyta M. Gola
Summary: Auxin, transported in the outermost cell layer, plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant organ initiation and positioning at the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Recent studies have highlighted the importance of putative internal signals in collaboration with the known superficial pathway of organogenesis regulation. However, the nature and transport route of these internal signals remain unclear. This mini-review aims to summarize the current knowledge on auxin-dependent regulation of organ positioning at the SAM and discuss the potential involvement of the vascular system as a transport route for internal signals.
Article
Plant Sciences
Seung Yong Shin, Su-Jin Park, Hyun-Soon Kim, Jae-Heung Jeon, Hyo-Jun Lee
Summary: This study identified the importance of ROS and Ca2+ in de novo root organogenesis in detached leaves. It was found that ROS and Ca2+ have different functions in regulating this process, with ROS acting upstream of auxin signaling and Ca2+ acting downstream of auxin. Furthermore, it was observed that ROS and Ca2+ have little effect on auxin biosynthesis and transport in explants.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yulin Xi, Yan Yang, Jie Yang, Xing Zhang, Yajie Pan, Hongwei Guo
Summary: In this study, the researchers identified a direct link between the light and auxin signaling pathways mediated by the auxin transcriptional repressor IAA3 and light-controlled PIF transcription factors in Arabidopsis. They found that IAA3 interacts with PIFs to regulate hypocotyl growth, showing a novel layer of the regulatory mechanism by which light and auxin signals are integrated.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chenguang Li, Mingye Chen, Xianhui He, Dongyun Ouyang
Summary: The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome involves a variety of activators inducing changes in ion concentrations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lysosomal disruption, potentially acting through a common mechanism of coordinated intracellular ion flux.
ACTA BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA SINICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Mueller, Jonas Walkling, Nele Seemann, Ingo Rustenbeck
Summary: The stimulus-secretion coupling of the pancreatic beta cell is complex and the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration plays a prominent role in this process. Models based on nonlinear ordinary differential equations have been developed and tested to better understand the interdependence of these processes. The model accurately describes the depolarization pattern in response to glucose, the reaction of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration to stepwise increases of the extracellular K+ concentration, and the membrane potential during a KATP channel block combined with a high extracellular K+ concentration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Tatsuya Kutsuno, Sushan Chowhan, Toshihisa Kotake, Daisuke Takahashi
Summary: Plants adapt to freezing stress through cold acclimation and deacclimation, which are regulated by changes in cell wall structure and monosaccharide composition. The balance between freezing tolerance and growth is crucial for plant development in changing environments. Arabinogalactan proteins and pectic galactan play important roles in freezing tolerance and growth, while arabinan and xyloglucan stabilize at cold acclimation levels during deacclimation.
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
T. Leon, J. Lopez, R. Torres, J. Grau, L. Jofre, J. -L. Cortina
Summary: Electrodialysis is a separation process using an electric field for selective ion transport. Modeling and research on transport phenomena are critical for advancing the technology. This work aims to provide a better understanding of species transport in ED through computational modeling and analysis of concentration profiles and fluxes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Oliver Quinn, Manoj Kumar, Simon Turner
Summary: The plant cell wall is a complex extracellular matrix that plays a crucial role in defense, regulation, and support. Lipid modifications of proteins involved in cell wall metabolism are essential for proper function, including membrane domain localization and targeted delivery. Understanding the contribution of lipid modifications to protein function is important for elucidating cell wall dynamics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huan-Ling Lai, Xing-Xing Fan, Run-Ze Li, Yu-Wei Wang, Junmin Zhang, Liang Liu, Erwin Neher, Xiao-Jun Yao, Elaine Lai-Han Leung
Summary: Recent studies have shown that targeting key ion channels, metabolic enzymes, and redox proteins in cancer cells can effectively inhibit cancer growth. Additionally, the application of advanced technologies can accelerate the detection of ion, metabolic, and redox changes, improving cancer diagnosis and treatment.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hui Lyu, Dusan Lazar
Summary: The light-induced transthylakoid membrane potential (Delta psi) plays a crucial role in ATP synthesis and in the acclimation of photosynthesis to changing light conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying ion fluxes and their impact on Delta psi regulation remain unclear.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Derek T. A. Lamport, Li Tan, Marcia J. Kieliszewski
Summary: Novel molecular pinball machines on the plasma membrane of plant cells regulate plant metabolism by controlling cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Factors such as proton pump activity, Ca2+ channel state, and the size of the periplasmic AGP-Ca2+ capacitor are crucial in maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis.
Article
Plant Sciences
Li Tan, Jianfeng Xu, Michael Held, Derek T. A. Lamport, Marcia Kieliszewski
Summary: This study found that Hyp-O-polysaccharides isolated from transgenic Arabidopsis suspension culture have similar structural features to AGPs isolated from tobacco. It also confirmed the presence of a previously identified β-1,6-linkage on the galactan backbone in AGP fusion glycoproteins expressed in tobacco. Furthermore, AGPs expressed in Arabidopsis suspension culture have differences in terminal-rhamnosyl residues and glucuronosylation compared to those expressed in tobacco suspension culture, suggesting the presence of distinct glycosyl transferases and minimum AG structures for type II AG functional features.
