Editorial Material
Immunology
Kelly P. Burke, Samuel C. Markson, Arlene H. Sharpe
Summary: In this study, Puig-Saus et al. use computational models to predict and experimentally confirm neoantigen-specific T cell responses in melanoma patients. They discover a distinct set of neoantigens recognized by polyclonal CD8(+) T cells in anti-PD-1 responders and engineer autologous tumor-responsive T cells expressing neoantigen-specific TCRs, providing proof-of-concept for future cellular therapies.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
John C. Flickinger Jr, Jagmohan Singh, Yanki Yarman, Robert D. Carlson, Joshua R. Barton, Scott A. Waldman, Adam E. Snook
Summary: This study assessed the immunogenicity of an Lm vaccine against the colorectal tumor antigen GUCY2C. The results showed that the Lm vaccine had strong immunogenicity against Lm-derived peptides, but weak immunogenicity against GUCY2C. By altering the stability of the peptide ligands, the immunogenicity of GUCY2C could be restored. These findings suggest that optimizing target antigen competitiveness or using alternative immunization regimens may be necessary to maximize the clinical utility of Lm-based vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Christopher S. Eickhoff, Krystal A. Meza, Frances E. Terry, Chase G. Colbert, Azra Blazevic, Andres H. Gutierrez, E. Taylor Stone, James D. Brien, Amelia K. Pinto, Hana M. El Sahly, Mark J. Mulligan, Nadine Rouphael, Maria L. Alcaide, Kay M. Tomashek, Chris Focht, William D. Martin, Leonard Moise, Anne S. De Groot, Daniel F. Hoft
Summary: This paper reports the identification of Zika virus-specific T cell epitopes through two screening approaches, revealing the immune response mechanism to Zika virus infection. The findings are highly relevant for designing T cell-targeted Zika virus vaccines and monitoring T cell responses to Zika virus infection and vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Clemente Fernandez Arias, Miguel Angel Herrero, Federica Bertocchini, Francisco Javier Acosta, Cristina Fernandez-Arias
Summary: Vaccine-induced protection against infectious diseases relies on the creation of immune memory by T cells, with prime-boost (PB) vaccines improving the T cell response. However, the phenomenon of immunodominance, where T cell responses are biased towards certain clones, can compromise vaccine effectiveness. Mathematical modeling will be used in this study to understand the role of T cell population dynamics in the onset of immunodominance in PB vaccines.
Article
Virology
Hangjie Zhang, Wenling Xiao, Min Zhao, Yingze Zhao, Yongli Zhang, Dan Lu, Shuangshuang Lu, Qingxu Zhang, Weiyu Peng, Liumei Shu, Jie Zhang, Sai Liu, Kexin Zong, Pengyan Wang, Beiwei Ye, Shihua Li, Shuguang Tan, Fuping Zhang, Jianfang Zhou, Peipei Liu, Guizhen Wu, Xuancheng Lu, George F. Gao, William J. Liu
Summary: The study identified differences in the CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immunogenicity of ZIKV proteins among different murine alleles.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nana Afia Asante Ntim, Hiroshi Ishii, Moe Jomori, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Tetsuro Matano, Takushi Nomura
Summary: CD8(+) T-cell responses play an important role in suppressing viral replication and selecting for viral escape mutations in HIV infection. This study investigated the sequential selection of viral mutations in CD8(+) T-cell epitope-coding regions in a simian AIDS model. The results showed that viral mutations were selected in multiple epitope-coding regions, and the number of mutated regions was associated with viral loads.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Reiko Hidaka, Kazuko Miyazaki, Masaki Miyazaki
Summary: Immune responses are primarily mediated by adaptive and innate immune cells, which are activated through antigen recognition and regulated by a transcription factor network. The transcriptional balance between E and Id proteins plays a critical role in regulating the developmental trajectories of T and B cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samyuktha Ramesh, Soohyung Park, Wonpil Im, Melissa J. Call, Matthew E. Call
Summary: The B cell receptor (BCR) and T cell receptor (TCR) share a common core transmembrane (TM) structure, which is vital for optimal receptor assembly and stability in the cell membrane.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Aneta Pankow, Xiao-Hong Sun
Summary: This review presents recent findings suggesting that the balance between E and Id proteins is critical for controlling T cell and ILC fate decisions at the early stages of T cell development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Siong Low, Daniela Vaqueirinho, Federico Mele, Mathilde Foglierini, Josipa Jerak, Michela Perotti, David Jarrossay, Sandra Jovic, Laurent Perez, Rosalia Cacciatore, Tatiana Terrot, Alessandra Franzetti Pellanda, Maira Biggiogero, Christian Garzoni, Paolo Ferrari, Alessandro Ceschi, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Federica Sallusto, Antonino Cassotta
Summary: The study demonstrates a robust CD4(+) T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleoprotein in COVID-19-recovered individuals, with a highly immunogenic receptor-binding domain (RBD). Through characterizing T cell clones, it was found that a region containing nested HLA-DR and HLA-DP-restricted epitopes is immunodominant. Cross-reactive T cells targeting multiple S protein sites were identified, which can guide vaccination strategies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Article
Immunology
Riccardo Biavasco, Marco De Giovanni
Summary: Humoral immunity is important for defense against pathogens. Broadly neutralizing antibodies provide sterilizing immunity and are the goal of vaccination approaches. However, in the context of influenza and HIV, the induction of broadly protective antibodies has been challenging. This study proposes the theory of immunodominance relativity, which suggests that the relative positioning of B and CD4 epitopes within antigens influences immunodominance. The proposed theory improves the understanding of immunodominance, explains the escape of HIV and influenza from humoral responses, and opens the possibility for the design of universal vaccines.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qian Yin, Wei Luo, Vamsee Mallajosyula, Yang Bo, Jing Guo, Jinghang Xie, Meng Sun, Rohit Verma, Chunfeng Li, Christian M. M. Constantz, Lisa E. E. Wagar, Jing Li, Elsa Sola, Neha Gupta, Chunlin Wang, Oliver Kask, Xin Chen, Xue Yuan, Nicholas C. C. Wu, Jianghong Rao, Yueh-hsiu Chien, Jianjun Cheng, Bali Pulendran, Mark M. M. Davis
Summary: This study uses a nanoparticle-based adjuvant to enhance immune responses against multiple variants of influenza and SARS-CoV-2, generating cross-reactive antibodies for both dominant and subdominant epitopes. The adjuvant shows promising implications for developing broadly protective vaccines, as it improves lymph node targeting, activates immune cells, and leads to broad immune responses. The adjuvanted vaccines successfully protect mice against viral challenges of different strains and enhance antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines against multiple viral variants.
Review
Immunology
Sung-Min Hwang, Sin-Hyeog Im, Dipayan Rudra
Summary: E and ID proteins play crucial roles in T cell development and function, influencing the differentiation and fate of T cells in multiple immune compartments. Understanding the endogenous proteins and signaling pathways that affect the dynamics of the E-ID axis is essential for a comprehensive understanding of T cell biology.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Miaojuan Huang, Rong Xu, Cristina Triffon, Nicole Mifsud, Weisan Chen
Summary: This study reveals a broad CD8(+) T cell response in a healthy individual to IAV infection, contrary to the typical immunodominance hierarchy. Through systematic antigen screening and epitope prediction, novel minimal epitope sequences for nine IAV proteins were identified, restricted to specific HLA alleles. These novel epitopes are highly conserved among different IAV strains and geographic locations.
Article
Immunology
Michael J. Moore, Maggie Zhong, Johanna Hansen, Hans Gartner, Craig Grant, Mei Huang, Faith M. Harris, Naxin Tu, Natalie A. Bowerman, Kurt H. Edelmann, Thomas Barry, Olivier Herbin, Chin-Siean Tay, David J. DiLillo, Corinne E. Decker, Natasha Levenkova, James Shevchuk, Ankur Dhanik, Karoline A. Meagher, Amanda Karr, Jan Roos, Wen-yi Lee, David Suh, Mark Eckersdorff, T. Craig Meagher, Matthew Koss, Lakeisha Esau, Matthew A. Sleeman, Robert Babb, Gang Chen, Christos A. Kyratsous, William T. Poueymirou, John R. McWhirter, Vera A. Voronina, Chunguang Guo, Cagan Gurer, George D. Yancopoulos, Andrew J. Murphy, Lynn E. Macdonald
Summary: Although isolating and studying human T cell receptors (TCRs) with specific specificity remains challenging, VelociT mice have been genetically engineered with a humanized system of T cell immunity. These mice exhibit normal immune cell populations and possess a diverse TCR repertoire that can mount functional T cell responses against infections and tumors, making them a powerful new model for analyzing T cell function and discovering therapeutic TCRs.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)