Opioids for chronic low back pain: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of efficacy, tolerability and safety in randomized placebo‐controlled studies of at least 4 weeks of double‐blind duration

Efficacy and safety of controlled-release oxycodone for the management of moderate-to-severe chronic low back pain in Japan: results of an enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal study followed by an open-label extension study

(2019) Mikito Kawamata et al.   Journal of Pain Research

Efficacy and harms of long‐term opioid therapy in chronic non‐cancer pain: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of open‐label extension trials with a study duration ≥26 weeks

(2019) Patric Bialas et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN

Opioid Crisis: No Easy Fix to Its Social and Economic Determinants

(2018) Nabarun Dasgupta et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview

(2018) Crystian B. Oliveira et al.   EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL

Effect of Opioid vs Nonopioid Medications on Pain-Related Function in Patients With Chronic Back Pain or Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis Pain

(2018) Erin E. Krebs et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention

(2018) Jan Hartvigsen et al.   LANCET

Methodologic limitations of prescription opioid safety research and recommendations for improving the evidence base

(2018) Shabbar I. Ranapurwala et al.   PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY

Cebranopadol, a novel first-in-class analgesic drug candidate

(2017) Annette Christoph et al.   PAIN

Neuropathic low back pain in clinical practice

(2016) R. Baron et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN

European Pain Federation position paper on appropriate opioid use in chronic pain management

(2016) T. O'Brien et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN

Avoiding Opioid Analgesics for Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain

(2016) Jane C. Ballantyne   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016

(2016) Deborah Dowell et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

(2016) Theo Vos et al.   LANCET

Efficacy and tolerability of buccal buprenorphine in opioid-experienced patients with moderate to severe chronic low back pain

(2016) Joseph Gimbel et al.   PAIN

Opioid use for the management of chronic non-cancer pain: French guidelines

(2016) X. Moisset et al.   REVUE NEUROLOGIQUE

Efficacy, Tolerability, and Dose-Dependent Effects of Opioid Analgesics for Low Back Pain

(2016) Christina Abdel Shaheed et al.   JAMA Internal Medicine

A Comparison between Enriched and Nonenriched Enrollment Randomized Withdrawal Trials of Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain

(2016) Andrea D Furlan et al.   Pain Research & Management

Controlled-Release Oxycodone and Naloxone in the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study

(2016) C Cloutier et al.   Pain Research & Management

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of single-entity, once-daily hydrocodone tablets in patients with uncontrolled moderate to severe chronic low back pain

(2015) Warren Wen et al.   EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY

A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study of ALO-02 (extended-release oxycodone surrounding sequestered naltrexone) for moderate-to-severe chronic low back pain treatment

(2015) Richard L. Rauck et al.   PAIN

Efficacy and tolerability of buccal buprenorphine in opioid-naive patients with moderate to severe chronic low back pain

(2015) Richard L. Rauck et al.   POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE

Single-Entity Hydrocodone Extended-Release Capsules in Opioid-Tolerant Subjects with Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

(2014) Richard L. Rauck et al.   PAIN MEDICINE

Opioide bei chronischem Kreuzschmerz

(2014) F. Petzke et al.   SCHMERZ

Don’t middle your MIDs: regression to the mean shrinks estimates of minimally important differences

(2013) Peter M. Fayers et al.   QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH

Efficacy and safety of flupirtine modified release for the management of moderate to severe chronic low back pain: results of SUPREME, a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled parallel-group phase IV study

(2012) Michael A. Überall et al.   CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION

Efficacy and Safety of the Seven-Day Buprenorphine Transdermal System in Opioid-Naïve Patients with Moderate to Severe Chronic Low Back Pain: An Enriched, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

(2011) Deborah J. Steiner et al.   JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT

Buprenorphine transdermal system in adults with chronic low back pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, followed by an open-label extension phase

(2010) Allan Gordon et al.   CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS

Once-daily OROS hydromorphone ER compared with placebo in opioid-tolerant patients with chronic low back pain

(2010) M. Hale et al.   CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION

Efficacy and safety of tapentadol extended release for the management of chronic low back pain: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled Phase III study

(2010) Robert Buynak et al.   EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY

“Evidence” in chronic pain – establishing best practice in the reporting of systematic reviews

(2010) Andrew R. Moore et al.   PAIN

Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Oxycodone in Combination With Naloxone as Prolonged Release Tablets in Patients With Moderate to Severe Chronic Pain

(2008) Dana Vondrackova et al.   JOURNAL OF PAIN