Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yunli Huang, Yongqi Zhen, Yanmei Chen, Shaoguang Sui, Lan Zhang
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of the interplay between the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and autophagy, as well as their application in cancer therapy. The impact of small molecule inhibitors targeting this pathway on autophagy is discussed, and the advantages and limitations of combining these inhibitors with autophagy inhibitors are explored.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Linlin Zhang, Lu Chen, Meng Qi, Fuchang Yu, Xiaotong Ni, Haozheng Hong, Haotian Xu, Shiwen Xu
Summary: Glyphosate exposure induces autophagy in hepatic L8824 cells by activating nitric oxide (NO), regulating energy metabolism, and activating the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. This study provides insight into the mechanism of glyphosate toxicity and its effects on cellular processes.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Reiko Sugiura, Ryosuke Satoh, Teruaki Takasaki
Summary: The RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates various cellular processes and its activation is linked to cell proliferation and cancer. Further research on the mechanisms of ERK activation is essential for developing effective cancer treatments.
Article
Oncology
Ying Zhang, Qian Lu, Nan Li, Ming Xu, Tatsuo Miyamoto, Jing Liu
Summary: Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound derived from broccoli, has been found to significantly inhibit migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by affecting cytoskeleton formation. SFN can also directly bind to RAF family proteins and inhibit phosphorylation of the signaling pathway. These findings suggest that SFN has the potential to be used as a therapeutic drug to inhibit breast cancer cell metastasis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lick Pui Lai, Nicole Fer, William Burgan, Vanessa E. Wall, Bingfang Xu, Daniel Soppet, Dominic Esposito, Dwight Nissley, Frank McCormick
Summary: RAF inhibitors unexpectedly activate ERK signaling in both normal and tumor cells with elevated RAS activity. This study demonstrates that RAF inhibitors can cause paradoxical ERK activation in KRAS(G12C)-dependent lung cancer cell lines. It also reveals that classical RAS proteins are not essential for this process, and the MRAS/SHOC2 complex plays a vital role.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanlin Song, Zhenfei Bi, Yu Liu, Furong Qin, Yuquan Wei, Xiawei Wei
Summary: Molecular target inhibitors have been approved for tumor treatment and mainly target cell proliferation and metabolism. The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway plays essential roles in cell functions and abnormal activation of this pathway leads to tumor development. In this review, the development and potential combinations of inhibitors targeting this pathway are discussed.
Article
Cell Biology
Alin Garcia-Miranda, Karen Aylin Solano-Alcala, Jose Benito Montes-Alvarado, Arely Rosas-Cruz, Julio Reyes-Leyva, Napoleon Navarro-Tito, Paola Maycotte, Eduardo Castaneda-Saucedo
Summary: Autophagy is an intracellular recycling process that can be induced by leptin, a pro-tumorigenic protein, in cancer cell lines. Inhibition of autophagy reduces leptin-induced cell proliferation, migration, and ERK activation. This suggests a potential use for autophagy inhibition in breast cancer associated with obesity.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaoxia Yang, Pengfei Shang, Bingfang Yu, Qiuyang Jin, Jing Liao, Lei Wang, Jianbo Ji, Xiuli Guo
Summary: Resistance to breast cancer chemotherapy can be reversed by microRNA34a (miR34a). The combination of miR34a and Doxorubicin (Dox) significantly inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, and induces apoptosis of drug-resistant breast cancer cells. The mechanism involves the down-regulation of TOP2A and BCRP, as well as the inhibition of Snail through the Notch/NF-kappa B and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Rahim Ullah, Qing Yin, Aidan H. Snell, Lixin Wan
Summary: The RAF-MEK-ERK signaling cascade is a well-characterized MAPK pathway that plays a critical role in cell proliferation and survival. Genetic alterations in this pathway are highly prevalent in human cancers and can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. The crosstalk between the RAF-MEK-ERK axis and other signaling pathways further enhances its proliferative potential in human cancers.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jennifer J. Lee, Vaibhav Jain, Ravi K. Amaravadi
Summary: Despite advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, treating RAS mutant cancers remains challenging. These cancers have been found to activate adaptive resistance mechanisms like autophagy during MAPK inhibition. Recent focus has been on developing MAPK pathway and autophagy inhibitors for potential synthetic lethal approaches in cancer therapy, with ongoing clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Shuai Wang, Xinyan Zhang, Houfa Ning, Senyi Dong, Guangzhi Wang, Ruimei Sun
Summary: This study discovered elevated levels of B7-H3 in breast cancer, which were associated with poor prognosis. B7-H3 can promote lung metastasis in breast cancer through activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK axis.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiaqi Chen, Qiaoya Pan, Yang Bai, Xuepeng Chen, Yi Zhou
Summary: Despite efforts to improve treatment for cholangiocarcinoma, the long-term survival rate remains poor. HCQ, an antimalarial drug, inhibits autophagy and shows therapeutic effects on various cancers. In this study, HCQ effectively suppressed cholangiocarcinoma by inhibiting autophagy, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through ROS accumulation.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Hebatullah M. Abou El-Fadl, Naglaa M. Hagag, Reham A. El-Shafei, Mohamed H. Khayri, Gamalat El-Gedawy, Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud, Doaa D. Mohamed, Dalia D. Mohamed, Ibrahim El Halfawy, Ahmed Khoder, Khaled A. Elawdan, Mohamed F. Elshal, Ahmed Salah, Hany Khalil
Summary: H-P extract could be a novel and effective multikinase inhibitor for treating breast cancer, with potential regulatory effects and no detectable toxic effects on non-tumorigenic epithelial cells.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Clint A. Stalnecker, Kajal R. Grover, A. Cole Edwards, Michael F. Coleman, Runying Yang, Jonathan M. DeLiberty, Bjorn Papke, Craig M. Goodwin, Mariaelena Pierobon, Emanuel F. Petricoin, Prson Gautam, Krister Wennerberg, Adrienne D. Cox, Channing J. Der, Stephen D. Hursting, Kirsten L. Bryant
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is aggressive and requires improved therapies. Recent research has shown that autophagy, a macrometabolic process, is upregulated in PDAC and essential for its growth. However, the clinical efficacy of autophagy inhibition as a monotherapy is limited. Targeting both insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and pathways that oppose autophagy, such as the ERK-MAPK axis, can enhance the effectiveness of autophagy inhibitors in PDAC.
Article
Neurosciences
Koushik Mondal, Hunter Porter, Jerome Cole, Hemang K. Pandya, Sandip K. Basu, Sufiya Khanam, Chi-Yang Chiu, Vinay Shah, Daniel J. Stephenson, Charles E. Chalfant, Nawajes Mandal
Summary: This article investigates the toxic effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the inner retina and its impact on visual functions. Through a clinical study and a mouse model, the researchers found that chronic HCQ toxicity results in the loss of inner retinal neurons and retinal ganglion cells, leading to compromised visual functions. They also provided insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms involving autophagy-lysosomal defects and alterations in sphingolipid metabolism.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Xiaobo Zhang, Chen Wang, Danhua Shen
Summary: This study investigated the Clinicopathological features and FH mutation in FH-dUL. FH-dUL is rare and the combination of predictive Clinicopathological evaluation, FH and 2SC IHC test, and molecular test were helpful for the screening of FH-dUL or even HLRCC.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Review
Pathology
Gaurav Dubey, Mithilesh Singh, Himmat Singh, Mohit Agarwal, Shailendra Singh Chandel, Anurag Mishra, Ravindra Pal Singh, Neelima Kukreti
Summary: SnoRNAs play a crucial role in autoimmune diseases, influencing gene expression, immune cell development, and immune regulation. They have the potential to be biomarkers or therapeutic targets for disease management. However, further research is needed to elucidate their precise molecular mechanisms.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Article
Pathology
P. Suhaj, D. Do, T. Olejar, R. Pichova, O. Lang, R. Matej
Summary: Pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia (PPY-H) is a multiplication of neuroendocrine cells producing pancreatic polypeptide (PPY). The development and role of PPY-H still need to be further elucidated. This study analyzed 12 cases of PPY-H accompanying pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias (NEN) and found that gastrointestinal symptoms may be more related to PPY-H rather than NEN hormonal production. Strong SSTR2 expression in PPY-H suggests the potential utility of radiotracers in clinical diagnostics, but further studies are needed.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Article
Pathology
Ruyun Zhang, Xiaofei Liao, Bin Zhang, Xiaohong Huang, Guanjie Qin, Xiangyun Kong, Yuan Xie, Yunyan Mo, Jinxuan Dai, Chunqiao Gan, Zan Luo, Jingyan Lu, Wei Jiang
Summary: This study found that patients with high COV+TIL score had worse prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Review
Pathology
Waleed Hassan Almalki
Summary: Understanding the molecular pathways behind cardiovascular illnesses is crucial. Recent studies have revealed the role of Xist RNA in cardiovascular diseases, including epigenetic changes, gene expression, cellular identity, and sex chromosomal inactivation. Dysregulation of Xist RNA expression is associated with conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Article
Pathology
Yanxin Dong, Boshi Fan, Mingyang Li, Jiale Zhang, Shun Xie, Shouyin Dia, Qingge Jia, Taiqian Gong
Summary: Tescalcin (TESC) is upregulated in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) and is associated with poor prognosis, tumor infiltration, staging, and lymph node metastasis. TESC promotes proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression in ESCC, as well as activates the AKT pathway. TESC may serve as a prognostic factor and provide a new therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Article
Pathology
Ozge Sukruoglu Erdogan, Demet Akdeniz Odemis, Zubeyde Yalniz Kayim, Orkun Gurbuz, Seref Bugra Tuncer, Seda Kilic, Betul Celik, Samuray Tuncer, Sema Buyukkapu Bay, Rejin Kebudi, Hulya Yazici
Summary: This study found that methylation of the RB1 gene promoter does not influence the hereditary transmission of familial retinoblastoma.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2024)
Review
Pathology
Syam Mohan, Mohammed Ageeli Hakami, Hamad Ghaleb Dailah, Asaad Khalid, Asim Najmi, Khalid Zoghebi, Maryam A. Halawi, Thaifallah Munahi Alotaibi
Summary: Cancer is a complex disease caused by multiple factors, and miR-155 plays a significant role as a regulator of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, contributing to cancer development and progression.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2024)
