Review
Allergy
Laura R. Dowling, Michael R. Strazzari, Simon Keely, Gerard E. Kaiko
Summary: The gut-brain axis refers to the bidirectional interaction between the intestinal environment, including the epithelium, immune system, microbiota, and the enteric nervous system. This interaction plays a crucial role in linking environmental stimuli and nervous system function, as well as providing feedback from the brain to intestinal activities. The gut microbiota has a profound influence on these processes, which has not been extensively studied. Disruption of the gut microbiota is associated with both gut diseases and brain symptoms such as neurodegenerative and behavioral disorders.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fruzsina Mogor, Tamas Kovacs, Zoltan Lohinai, David Dora
Summary: The proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is crucial for digestion, absorption, and waste elimination, with the nervous and immune systems working closely together to maintain internal homeostasis. Gut neuroimmunology is a rapidly evolving field that helps us understand the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease and the systemic consequences of chronic intestinal inflammation. Additionally, research on the gut microbiome's multifaceted role and its contribution to the gut-brain axis and human disease is also highlighted.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Charlotte R. Denman, Sang Myun Park, Junghyun Jo
Summary: Gut dysbiosis and psychiatric symptoms are common early manifestations of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Recent studies have found that these pathological proteins are linked with gut dysbiosis and psychiatric disorders. The gut-brain axis acts as a bidirectional communication pathway between the enteric and central nervous systems, influencing brain function and behavior. This review summarizes the roles of gut dysbiosis and psychiatric disorders in pathological protein-related neurodegenerative diseases and explores the interrelationships and overlaps between them.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ziyi Zhang, Zhihui Liu, Ao Lv, Chenhui Fan
Summary: Recently, researchers have discovered a possible link between Parkinson's disease and the gut microbiome, establishing the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) have been identified as key players in maintaining gut homeostasis. Dysregulation of TLR2 and TLR4 is observed in Parkinson's disease patients, suggesting their involvement in early gut dysfunction. This study reviews clinical, animal, and in vitro studies to investigate the role of TLR2 and TLR4 dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, and proposes a conceptual model where microbial dysbiosis disrupts the gut barrier and TLR2/TLR4 signaling, leading to chronic gut dysfunction and α-synuclein aggregation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emily M. Klann, Upuli Dissanayake, Anjela Gurrala, Matthew Farrer, Aparna Wagle Shukla, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora, Volker Mai, Vinata Vedam-Mai
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein in certain neurons. Recent research suggests a potential relationship between gut bacteria and the brain, known as the microbiome-gut-brain axis, which may play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the relationship between gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease, discussing the role of alpha-synuclein and potential interventions.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Leyla Nazarova, Hong Liu, Hongrong Xie, Lufeng Wang, Hao Ding, Hedi An, Dongya Huang
Summary: The study suggests that targeting the gut-brain axis through electroacupuncture in early stages of Parkinson's disease may be an effective therapeutic option for managing both non-motor and motor symptoms. The results showed improvement in various clinical scales and significant alterations in gut bacterial composition after the treatment.
Article
Neurosciences
Beatriz Thomasi, Luisa Valdetaro, Brian Gulbransen, Ana Lucia Tavares-Gomes
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract, as the largest immune organ, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as Parkinson's disease by interacting with the neural systems.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Subramanian Thangaleela, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Periyanaina Kesika, Muruganantham Bharathi, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Summary: Parkinson's disease, a prevalent neurodegenerative disease, is influenced by the gut microbiota. Probiotic supplementation can improve symptoms and potentially serve as an adjunct therapy for Parkinson's disease. Further research on the role of probiotics in Parkinson's disease treatment is necessary.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ming Qi, Bie Tan, Jing Wang, Simeng Liao, Yuankun Deng, Peng Ji, Tongxing Song, Andong Zha, Yulong Yin
Summary: Growth retardation, a major health concern globally, often occurs in childhood with an unclear specific mechanism. Changes in gut microbiota may lead to growth retardation by affecting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Environmental stress may cause leaky gut, resulting in growth retardation. Nutritional therapies involving probiotics and pre-/postbiotics are being investigated for helping patients overcome growth retardation.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Julio Cesar Claudino dos Santos, Micael Porto Portela Lima, Gerly Anne de Castro Brito, Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
Summary: The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network linking the gut to the brain, and alterations in the gut microbiome have been associated with dysfunction in this axis and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Inflammation, activation of brain microglia, and alpha-synuclein misfolding are important factors in PD, and it has been proposed that the misfolding of alpha-synuclein might originate in the gut and spread to the brain via the vagus nerve. This review discusses the interaction of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, environmental influences, and the immune system in promoting inflammation and alpha-synuclein misfolding, leading to the early non-motor symptoms of PD.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Qing Li, Ling-bing Meng, Li-jun Chen, Xia Shi, Ling Tu, Qi Zhou, Jin-long Yu, Xin Liao, Yuan Zeng, Qiao-ying Yuan
Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease associated with aging. The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD, impacting intestinal inflammation, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. Understanding and targeting the gut microbiome may lead to new biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies to slow disease progression in PD.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bharathi N. Palanisamy, Souvarish Sarkar, Emir Malovic, Manikandan Samidurai, Adhithiya Charli, Gary Zenitsky, Huajun Jin, Vellareddy Anantharam, Arthi Kanthasamy, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
Summary: Exposure to environmental neurotoxic pesticides impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics and activates inflammatory pathways in enteric glial cells (EGCs), leading to gut dysfunction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lady Johanna Forero-Rodriguez, Jonathan Josephs-Spaulding, Stefano Flor, Andres Pinzon, Christoph Kaleta
Summary: Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disease associated with dysbiosis and exposure to heavy metals, affecting the gut-brain axis. Integrative modeling and modulation of gut microbiota may provide potential treatment options for neurodegeneration.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aishwarya M. Johnson, Zhen-Yi Andy Ou, Richard Gordon, Hariharan Saminathan
Summary: Inflammasomes, multi-protein complexes in immune cells, play a crucial role in Parkinson's Disease by potentially being influenced by environmental chemical exposures. Research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis and the pathophysiology of PD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Brett J. Deters, Mir Saleem
Summary: Glutamine can positively impact gut health by supporting the gut microbiome, gut mucosal wall integrity, and modulating inflammatory responses. The gut-brain connection, modulated by the vagus nerve, can impact the brain's neurochemical environment, potentially influencing conditions such as depression. Supplementing with glutamine may offer adjunctive nutritional support in cases of depression by promoting proper gut health and function.
FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS
(2021)
Review
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Audrey M. K. Dempsey, Mutahira Lone, Yvonne M. Nolan, Eithne Hunt
Summary: This scoping review found that Universal Design for Learning (UDL) has not been formally applied in healthcare education, but there are teaching methods in anatomy curricula that align with UDL. Further research is needed regarding the impact of UDL on student motivation to learn anatomy in medical, dental, OT and SLT programs.
ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Audrey M. K. Dempsey, Eithne Hunt, Mutahira Lone, Yvonne M. Nolan
Summary: There is an increasing need to enhance student engagement in anatomy education. This study aims to assess the awareness and implementation of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in anatomy curricula in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and United Kingdom (UK). The majority of participants were unaware of UDL but had unknowingly incorporated elements of UDL in their curriculum design.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Danielle Dunk, Philip Mulryan, Sean Affonso, Gerard W. O'Keeffe, Majella O'Keeffe, Aideen M. Sullivan
Summary: This study investigated the dietary intake and quality, sleep, and quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and found that while the intake of carbohydrates, protein, fruits, and vegetables was higher than the general population, the overall diet quality was low.
IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rose -Anna Grace Pushpass, Shouq Alzoufairi, Andrea Mancini, Karena Quilter, Francesca Fava, Simone Delaiti, Urska Vrhovsek, Camilla Christensen, Susan A. Joyce, Kieran M. Tuohy, Kim G. Jackson, Julie A. Lovegrove
Summary: This study investigated the chronic effects of probiotics, oats, and apples on postprandial bile acids, gut microbiota, and cardiometabolic health biomarkers. The results showed that oats and apples can reduce postprandial blood sugar and insulin levels, while probiotics can increase bile acid levels. However, the impacts of these dietary components on gut microbiota and cardiometabolic risk markers remain unclear.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Oncology
J. M. Keane, C. J. Walsh, P. Cronin, K. Baker, S. Melgar, P. D. Cotter, S. A. Joyce, C. G. M. Gahan, A. Houston, N. P. Hyland
Summary: Distinct changes in the microbiota and host occur during AOM-induced tumorigenesis, with the inflammatory response becoming apparent at weeks 12 and 24, and aberrant crypt foci and adenomas first detectable at weeks 24 and 48, respectively.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caitlin O'Mahony, Adam Clooney, Siobhan F. Clarke, Monica Aguilera, Aisling Gavin, Donjete Simnica, Mary Ahern, Aine Fanning, Maurice Stanley, Raul Cabrera Rubio, Elaine Patterson, Tatiana Marques, Rebecca Wall, Aileen Houston, Amr Mahmoud, Michael W. Bennett, Catherine Stanton, Marcus J. Claesson, Paul D. Cotter, Fergus Shanahan, Susan A. Joyce, Silvia Melgar
Summary: Environmental factors, such as westernised diets and alterations to the gut microbiota, are considered risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study found that feeding mice a high-fat diet protected them from developing colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism, which then influenced vitamin D targeting pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucy M. Collins, Rachel Roberts, Hannah Cleary, James Diskin, Donna Kitt, Ingrid Van Bommel-Rutgers, Bouwien C. M. Smits-Engelsman, Erin K. Crowley, Aideen M. Sullivan
Summary: People with Parkinson's disease often experience deteriorating handwriting. A 6-week online training programme was found to improve the handwriting of Parkinson's patients.
IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Eileen Ryan, Susan A. Joyce, David J. Clarke
Summary: Bacteria produce diverse and complex lipid structures, some of which have functions beyond membrane structure. The model organism E. coli has three major membrane lipids, but it is now known that some bacteria can synthesize a range of lipids, including various phospho-cholines, phospho-inositols, 'phosphorous-free' N-acyl amines, sphingolipids, and plasmalogens. These bacterial lipids have recently been recognized as important contributors to the microbe-host molecular dialogue. This review provides an overview of bacterial lipid diversity, focusing on the membrane lipids of microbiome-associated bacteria that have documented roles as signaling molecules.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Minke H. C. Nota, Sarah Nicolas, Olivia F. O'Leary, Yvonne M. Nolan
Summary: Adolescence is a critical period for mental health problems due to biological, psychological, and social changes. The increased brain plasticity, specifically hippocampal neurogenesis, during this stage plays a crucial role in cognitive functions and emotional regulation. However, environmental and lifestyle factors, including dietary habits and physical activity levels, can affect these systems and impact mental health.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dmitry S. Karlov, Sarah L. Long, Ximin Zeng, Fuzhou Xu, Kanhaya Lal, Liu Cao, Karim Hayoun, Jun Lin, Susan A. Joyce, Irina G. Tikhonova
Summary: This study investigated the substrate specificity of bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), which are potential target enzymes for drugs and feed additives. The researchers found that Lactobacillus salivarius BSH showed preference for substrates with a taurine head and a dehydroxylated sterol ring. They used a regression model and crystallography to identify the structural determinants of substrate binding and specificity. Additionally, they discovered that a different BSH subunit, T208, also regulated the hydrolysis activity. This multidisciplinary workflow can be used to characterize enzymes with diverse substrates quickly and comprehensively.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eileen Ryan, Belen Gonzalez Pastor, Lee A. Gethings, David J. Clarke, Susan A. Joyce
Summary: There has been increasing interest in bacterial lipids, particularly their role as molecular signalling molecules. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an important member of gut microbiota, produces sphingolipids and glycine lipids that impact host metabolism and inflammation pathways. This study examined the lipid signatures of four gut-associated Bacteroides species, identifying 170 different lipids and showing species-specific differences. Mutations affecting lipid biosynthesis in B. thetaiotaomicron result in significant changes in other lipids, suggesting the presence of compensatory mechanisms for maintaining bacterial membrane functionality.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Conor Giles Doran, Fionnuala Wilson, Susan R. Goulding, Martina Mazzocchi, Louise M. Collins, Aideen M. Sullivan, Gerard W. O'Keeffe
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Ita Fitzgerald, Laura J. Sahm, Amy Byrne, Jean O'Connell, Joie Ensor, Ciara Ni Dhubhlaing, Sarah O'Dwyer, Erin K. Crowley
Summary: This study systematically explored the impact of non-genetic prognostic factors on the variable prognosis of antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). The results showed that age, baseline BMI, and sex had nonsignificant effects on AIWG prognosis. However, the trend of early BMI increase was identified as the most clinically significant prognostic factor, which should be included in AIWG management guidance.
EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)