Article
Neurosciences
Shiying Zhong, Conrad M. M. Kiyoshi, Yixing Du, Wei Wang, Yumeng Luo, Xiao Wu, Anne T. T. Taylor, Baofeng Ma, Sydney Aten, Xueyuan Liu, Min Zhou
Summary: Astrocytes transform into a spongiform morphology and express a high density of K+ conductance, enabling them to function as an isopotential syncytium in brain function. The spongiform morphology of individual astrocytes and their spatial organization reach stationary levels by postnatal day 15. Functionally, astrocytes begin to uniformly express a mature level of passive K+ conductance by postnatal day 11.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Andrioli, Paolo Francesco Fabene, Giuseppa Mudo, Vincenza Barresi, Valentina Di Liberto, Monica Frinchi, Marina Bentivoglio, Daniele Filippo Condorelli
Summary: This study investigated the expression of neuronal Cx36 and astrocytic Cx30 and Cx43 mRNAs in the brain of rats after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). The results showed a significant decrease in Cx43 and Cx30 mRNA levels 24 hours after SE onset in certain brain regions, indicating a potential protective response of neuroglial networks to SE-induced acute damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Shuhua Xu, Jing Li, Lei Yang, Claire J. Wang, Tommy Liu, Alan M. Weinstein, Lawrence G. Palmer, Tong Wang
Summary: The study found that female mice had smaller changes in NCC-related function and protein expression in adaptation to a low-K diet compared to male mice, and under low-K diet conditions, male mice showed a stronger NCC function.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
David Mazaud, Anna Capano, Nathalie Rouach
Summary: Astrocytes play a major role in the brain by contributing to functions such as energy supply, neurotransmission, and behavior. They achieve this through forming intercellular networks, releasing neuroactive factors, and using connexins to modulate neurotransmission at various levels. Astroglial connexins regulate neuronal activity and behavior through diverse functions, including gap junction channels, hemichannels, and nonchannel processes.
Article
Neurosciences
Viktoria S. Pendeliuk, Igor V. Melnick
Summary: Synchronization of hippocampal interneurons (INs) relies on local cell interactions and intensity of network activity. In baseline conditions, a significant portion of inhibitory postsynaptic currents coincided between cells. Network activity induced excitatory and inhibitory events, with excitatory events capable of synchronizing IN firing. Glutamatergic mechanisms play a crucial role in initiating and dominating IN synchronization.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Municio, Laura Carrero, Desiree Antequera, Eva Carro
Summary: The glymphatic system, responsible for brain waste clearance, is impaired in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the mechanisms and factors controlling glymphatic function, especially involving aquaporins (AQPs), is crucial. CSF transport through the brain parenchyma is important for waste removal, but a balance with CSF production and secretion is necessary. Any disruption in CSF homeostasis affects waste removal and neurodegenerative processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Min Zhou, Yixing Du, Sydney Aten, David Terman
Summary: The predominant expression of leak-type K+ channels in astrocytes allows for high membrane permeability to K+ ions and hyperpolarized membrane potential, which are crucial for astrocyte function in brain homeostasis. The passive behavior of astrocyte conductance is influenced by both the intrinsic properties of K+ channels and gap junctional coupling, which together create a unique membrane K+ conductance lacking voltage-dependent rectification.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eleonora Centonze, Antonella Marte, Martina Albini, Anna Rocchi, Fabrizia Cesca, Martina Chiacchiaretta, Thomas Floss, Pietro Baldelli, Stefano Ferroni, Fabio Benfenati, Pierluigi Valente
Summary: Neuron-restrictive silencer factor/repressor element 1 (NRSF/REST) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates the expression of neural genes. In astrocytes, NRSF/REST is highly expressed and plays a role in maintaining intrinsic excitability and synaptic transmission. Its deletion leads to impaired astrocytic homeostatic functions and increased neuronal excitability.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emre Yaksi, Ahmed Jamali, Carmen Diaz Verdugo, Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
Summary: Animal models, including zebrafish, have played a significant role in epilepsy research, providing mechanistic insights into the disease and potential strategies for prevention. Zebrafish, in particular, offer great untapped potential for expanding our understanding of epilepsy and developing new treatments.
Article
Physiology
Francesco Formaggio, Martina Fazzina, Raul Estevez, Marco Caprini, Stefano Ferroni
Summary: Astrocytes have the ability to adjust their biochemical and functional features in response to stimuli, contributing to CNS homeostasis. Culturing rat cortical astrocytes in a chemically defined medium promotes morphological changes, leading to the development of a multi-branched phenotype over a 2-week period. The expression of relevant ion channels such as ClC-2 and Kir4.1 increased, while intermediate filaments like GFAP and vimentin decreased, suggesting a shift towards a quiescent functional phenotype.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jing-Jun Zhao, Zheng-Hui Wang, Ying-Jie Zhang, Wen-Jing Wang, Ai-Fang Cheng, Pei-Jing Rong, Chun-Lei Shan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of auricular vagus nerve stimulation on the recovery of locomotor function in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The findings suggested that the stimulation can promote recovery by altering the secretion of acetylcholine and inflammatory factors, as well as the phosphorylation of connexin 43.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agata Zappala, Ivana Roberta Romano, Floriana D'Angeli, Giuseppe Musumeci, Debora Lo Furno, Rosario Giuffrida, Giuliana Mannino
Summary: Gap junctions (GJs) formed by connexins (Cxs) are important for intercellular communication in skeletal tissues. The most expressed connexin, Cx43, plays a role in the formation of GJs and hemichannels (HCs) in bone cells. Through GJs, osteocytes in deep lacunae can form a functional syncytium with neighboring osteocytes and bone cells at the bone surface, allowing coordinated cell activity through the propagation of signals. Cxs and GJs have a fundamental role in skeletal development and cartilage functions, and understanding their mechanisms may contribute to therapeutic approaches for skeletal disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shufen Zhang, Deshu Shang, Han Shi, Weiyu Teng, Li Tian
Summary: Astrocytes play crucial roles in ischemic stroke, closely related to factors such as blood-brain barrier, growth factors, gap junctions, AQP4, and glial scars. The latest literature has summarized the potential roles of astrocytes after ischemic stroke.
EUROPEAN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
David J. Calkins
Summary: Glaucoma is characterized by sensitivity to intraocular pressure and degeneration of the retinal ganglion cell projection to the brain, leading to vision loss. The disease involves a pathogenic triumvirate of inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic stress, but recent evidence shows that the optic projection may have adaptive processes against neurodegeneration.
PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christian J. Malpica-Nieves, Yomarie Rivera, David E. Rivera-Aponte, Otto Phanstiel, Ruediger W. Veh, Misty J. Eaton, Serguei N. Skatchkov
Summary: This study investigated the impact of HIV-Tat on the uptake and release of N-acetylated spermine in astrocytes, showing that Cx43 hemichannels are not the main pathway. The preliminary findings suggest that polyamine uptake may proceed through other channels such as organic cation transporter.
Article
Neurosciences
Jana Buergers, Irina Pavlova, Juan E. Rodriguez-Gatica, Christian Henneberger, Marc Oeller, Jan A. Ruland, Jan P. Siebrasse, Ulrich Kubitscheck, Martin K. Schwarz
Article
Cell Biology
Claire M. King, Kirsten Bohmbach, Daniel Minge, Andrea Delekate, Kaiyu Zheng, James Reynolds, Cordula Rakers, Andre Zeug, Gabor C. Petzold, Dmitri A. Rusakov, Christian Henneberger
Review
Neurosciences
Alexey Semyanov, Christian Henneberger, Amit Agarwal
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Franziska E. Mueller, Volodymyr Cherkas, Gebhard Stopper, Laura C. Caudal, Laura Stopper, Frank Kirchhoff, Christian Henneberger, Evgeni G. Ponimaskin, Andre Zeug
Summary: Recent research has introduced a biophysically-based analytical concept, the pixel-based multi-threshold event detection (MTED), to comprehensively analyze the complex spatio-temporal changes of Ca2+ biosensor fluorescence in astrocytes. The MTED strategy, as a parameter-free approach, is easily transferable to other fluorescent indicators and biosensors, promoting standardized procedures and parameters to enhance research data comparability.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kirsten Bohmbach, Christian Henneberger, Johannes Hirrlinger
Summary: Learning and memory are complex functions of the brain that rely on multiple mechanisms. Recent experiments have shown that astrocytes, in addition to neurons, play a crucial role in these functions. However, the interaction between astrocytes and neurons is not well understood. This essay reviews current technologies for studying astrocytes in behaving animals, discusses astrocytic signaling mechanisms in learning and memory, and identifies gaps in our knowledge.
ESSAYS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Cindy Brunskine, Stefan Passlick, Christian Henneberger
Summary: The concept of the tripartite synapse describes the close interaction between pre- and postsynaptic elements and the surrounding astrocyte processes. This study used super-resolution expansion microscopy to examine the organization of GABAergic synapses and nearby astrocytic processes. The findings indicate that astrocytic processes are less abundant near GABAergic synapses compared to glutamatergic synapses, and are more abundant at GABAergic synapses with large postsynaptic gephyrin clusters. These observations provide insights into the organization and function of synapses.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicola Masala, Martin Pofahl, Andre N. Haubrich, Khondker Ushna Sameen Islam, Negar Nikbakht, Maryam Pasdarnavab, Kirsten Bohmbach, Kunihiko Araki, Fateme Kamali, Christian Henneberger, Kurtulus Golcuk, Laura A. Ewell, Sandra Blaess, Tony Kelly, Heinz Beck
Summary: Masala et al. describe a mechanism involving Na+ channels that contributes to changes in hippocampal dendritic integration, degraded place coding, and deficits in spatial memory. Targeting this dendritic channelopathy pharmacologically may provide a new approach to enhance cognition in epilepsy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kirsten Bohmbach, Nicola Masala, Eva M. Schoenhense, Katharina Hill, Andre N. Haubrich, Andreas Zimmer, Thoralf Opitz, Heinz Beck, Christian Henneberger
Summary: Dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells amplify clustered glutamatergic input through activation of voltage-gated sodium channels and NMDARs, with the addition of exogenous D-serine reducing the threshold and increasing the amplitude of dendritic spikes. The pathway involving astrocytic control of endogenous D-serine supply is primarily activated by pyramidal cell activity in the theta range, requiring HCN channels and astrocytic CB1Rs. Disruption of this pathway impairs spatial memory.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Catia Domingos, Franziska E. Mueller, Stefan Passlick, Dagmar Wachten, Evgeni Ponimaskin, Martin K. Schwarz, Susanne Schoch, Andre Zeug, Christian Henneberger
Summary: The increase in RhoA activity leads to changes in astrocyte morphology, particularly the withdrawal of perisynaptic processes. These changes were replicated in vitro and in vivo, and overexpression of RhoA-CA specifically resulted in a significant reduction in fine peripheral astrocytic processes in vivo.
Article
Neurosciences
Aline Timmermann, Dario Tascio, Ronald Jabs, Anne Boehlen, Catia Domingos, Magdalena Skubal, Wenhui Huang, Frank Kirchhoff, Christian Henneberger, Andras Bilkei-Gorzo, Gerald Seifert, Christian Steinhaeuser
Summary: NG2 glia is a unique type of macroglial cells in the CNS that receive synaptic input from neurons. Dysfunction in NG2 glia has been found to improve spatial memory but has no effect on social memory. Loss of the K+ channel Kir4.1 in NG2 glia leads to enhanced synaptic depolarizations and expression of myelin basic protein in the hippocampus. Targeted deletion of the K+ channel in NG2 glia impairs long-term potentiation at CA3-CA1 synapses, which can be rescued by extracellular application of a TrkB receptor agonist. These findings highlight the importance of proper NG2 glia function in brain function and behavior.
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
B. Breithausen, S. Kautzmann, A. Boehlen, C. Steinhauser, C. Henneberger
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
A. Pauletti, C. Henneberger
Article
Neurosciences
Patrycja Brzdak, Olga Wojcicka, Monika Zareba-Koziol, Daniel Minge, Christian Henneberger, Jakub Wlodarczyk, Jerzy W. Mozrzymas, Tomasz Wojtowicz
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Vanja Nagy, Ronja Hollstein, Tsung-Pin Pai, Michel K. Herde, Pisanu Buphamalai, Paul Moeseneder, Ewelina Lenartowicz, Anoop Kavirayani, Georg Christoph Korenke, Ivona Kozieradzki, Roberto Nitsch, Ana Cicvaric, Francisco J. Monje Quiroga, Matthew A. Deardorff, Emma C. Bedoukian, Yun Li, Goekhan Yigit, Joerg Menche, E. Ferda Percin, Bernd Wollnik, Christian Henneberger, Frank J. Kaiser, Josef M. Penninger
NEUROLOGY-GENETICS
(2019)