Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Edoseghe E. Osagiede, Matthias Rosenau, Atle Rotevatn, Rob Gawthorpe, Christopher A-L Jackson, Michael Rudolf
Summary: This study conducted analog rifting experiments using digital image correlation to investigate the influence of pre-existing crustal weak zones on strain localization and partitioning. The results highlight the sensitivity of rift architecture to the orientation, size, depth, and geometry of these weak zones, with implications for understanding structural inheritance in rift basins.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Sophie Pan, John Naliboff, Rebecca Bell, Chris Jackson
Summary: The article investigates the relationship between fault network patterns and key rift parameters in continental extension using 3D thermo-mechanical models. The study reveals key characteristics of fault patterns and highlights the importance of fault weakening and spatial distribution of initial plastic strain blocks in controlling fault characteristics.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Sophie Pan, John Naliboff, Rebecca Bell, Chris Jackson
Summary: This study uses three-dimensional numerical simulations and novel methods to quantitatively examine the factors controlling the growth of rift-scale fault networks. It is found that early formed faults exhibit scaling ratios consistent with earthquake ruptures before evolving into structures similar to mature ones in natural fault networks.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Bailey A. Lathrop, Christopher A. -L. Jackson, Rebecca E. Bell, Atle Rotevatn
Summary: Understanding how normal faults grow is crucial for determining the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of rifts. Recent studies suggest that normal faults develop in two distinct stages: a lengthening stage and a throw/displacement accumulation stage. This study in particular reveals that normal faults experience changes in length and throw accumulation as they progress through different stages of their lifespan, with a decrease in surface trace length as the faults become inactive.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
D. Maestrelli, S. Brune, G. Corti, D. Keir, A. A. Muluneh, F. Sani
Summary: Rift-Rift-Rift triple junctions are key features of emergent plate boundary networks during fragmentation of a continent. The differential extension velocities in the rift branches determine the localization of the structural triple junction, and the imposed velocities affect the resulting fault patterns.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Folarin Kolawole, Max C. Firkins, Thuwaiba S. Al Wahaibi, Estella A. Atekwana, Michael J. Soreghan
Summary: This study examines the evolution of non-volcanic rift interaction zones along the western branch of the East African Rift System, showing different stages of RIZ evolution and characteristics of breaching faults. The findings offer insights into the geometries, structural, and morphological evolution of RIZs, providing predictions for sedimentation patterns in early-stage continental rift environments.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Marta S. Codeco, Philipp Weis, Christine Andersen
Summary: This study presents a modified numerical approach to model and simulate structurally controlled ore-forming hydrothermal systems using lower-dimensional elements. The simulation results demonstrate the significant influence of fault permeability and location on ore deposition.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Leonardo M. Pichel, Ritske S. Huismans, Robert Gawthorpe, Jan Inge Faleide, Thomas Theunissen
Summary: Research finds that wide rifted margins are characterized by gravity-driven updip extension and downdip shortening, and syn-depositional salt flow and salt stretching also occur in these margins. The results have significant implications for understanding the genesis and evolution of salt-bearing rifted margins.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
A. Testa, P. Boncio, S. Baize, F. Mirabella, S. Pucci, B. Pace, M. Riesner, C. Pauselli, M. Ercoli, L. Benedetti, A. Di Chiara, R. Civico
Summary: The study reveals that the Anghiari fault has experienced seven paleo-earthquakes in the past, with a slip rate of over 0.2 mm/yr averaged over the last 25,000 years and a recurrence interval of about 2,500-3,200 years. Furthermore, paleoseismological analysis indicates the presence of an extensional stress field throughout the sedimentation of the faulted strata.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Hugh Harper, Karen Luttrell, David T. Sandwell
Summary: This passage introduces the mid-ocean ridge system, which consists of spreading ridges, transform faults, propagating ridges, and other non-transform offsets. Transform faults can remain stable for millions of years, leaving long linear scars or fracture zones on older seafloor. Propagating ridges migrate in the ridge parallel direction, leaving V-shaped or W-shaped scars on older seafloor. Vertical gravity gradient maps can now accurately depict the details of ridge segmentation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
S. Riedl, D. Melnick, L. Njue, M. Sudo, M. R. Strecker
Summary: This study investigates the extension rates in the inner graben of the Northern Kenya Rift using digital elevation models and radiometric dating. The results indicate that extension primarily occurs in the region of the active volcano-tectonic axis, highlighting the maturing of continental rifting in the area.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Emma J. Watson, Gillian M. Turner, Timothy A. Little, Elisa J. Piispa
Summary: This study presents evidence of a rolling hinge evolution for the Mai'iu fault, demonstrating large-scale horizontal-axis rotations consistent with a continental MCC. Through paleomagnetic analysis, the correlation between the uplift and cooling of footwall rocks during the Brunhes chron and the change in fault dip is established. Independent estimates of original fault dip from fault-bedding cut-off angles and microseismicity at depth further support the concept of a rolling hinge style of rotation during the fault slip history.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Maximilian J. E. A. Richter, Sascha Brune, Simon Riedl, Anne Glerum, Derek Neuharth, Manfred R. Strecker
Summary: The study conducted 2D geodynamic models to unravel asymmetric rifting processes in the East African Rift System, revealing a three-stage early rift evolution. The models provide insights into the controls of along-strike rift variability in active asymmetric rifts and proximal rifted margins.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Sarah Jaye Oliva, Cynthia J. Ebinger, Eleonora Rivalta, Charles A. Williams, Christelle Wauthier, Claire A. Currie
Summary: In continental rift systems, the role of rift magmatism in topography formation, plate state-of-stress, and volcanic and tectonic processes is crucial. However, the influence of magma intrusions, crustal thinning, and rift basin and flank topography on stress field rotations in rift zones is poorly understood.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zuze Dulanya, Sean F. Gallen, Folarin Kolawole, Jack N. Williams, Luke N. J. Wedmore, Juliet Biggs, Ake Fagereng
Summary: This study investigates the geomorphology and different forcing mechanisms in the humid Middle Shire River basin, located within the interaction and linkage zone between the southern Malawi Rift and Shire Rift Zone in East Africa. The research findings suggest that after the integration of the axial stream across the Middle Shire Basin, the knickpoints migrate upstream in response to fault-related subsidence in the Shire Rift Zone. Conversely, the fixed knickpoints are interpreted to reflect local differential bedrock erodibility.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Sebastian G. Wolf, Ritske S. Huismans, Josep-Anton Munoz, Magdalena Ellis Curry, Peter van der Beek
Summary: The interaction between crustal thickening and surface processes plays a key role in the growth of continent-continent collision orogens. Internal crustal loading and lithospheric pull are the main factors controlling large scale evolution, while surface process efficiency influences foreland-basin filling and orogen core exhumation. Inherited structures, surface processes, and decoupling between thin-and thick-skinned deformation affect structural style during orogenic growth.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geology
Magdalena Ellis Curry, Peter van der Beek, Ritske S. Huismans, Sebastian G. Wolf, Charlotte Fillon, Josep-Anton Munoz
Summary: By studying large-scale thermokinematic modeling of the Pyrenees mountains, it was found that the pattern of exhumation is primarily controlled by structural inheritance, with ancillary patterns reflecting growth and erosion of the antiformal stack as well as post-orogenic surface processes.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lorenz Wolf, Ritske S. Huismans, Delphine Rouby, Robert L. Gawthorpe, Sebastian G. Wolf
Summary: This study investigates the modeling of continental rifting and finds that the degree of strain localization drives the structural evolution of rifts. The sediment flux correlates with the degree of strain localization and can serve as a proxy for the evolution of topography.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sofia Pechlivanidou, Anneleen H. Geurts, Guillaume Duclaux, Robert L. Gawthorpe, Christos Pennos, Emma Finch
Summary: This study uses a numerical modeling approach to investigate the topographic evolution, erosion and basin stratigraphy during single and multi-phase rifting. The results show that the drainage network undergoes dynamic evolution in response to fault growth and linkage, as well as depocenter overfilling and overspilling. There are profound differences between topographic and depocenter development during single and multi-phase rifting, with implications for sedimentary facies architecture.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sebastian G. Wolf, Ritske S. Huismans, Jean Braun, Xiaoping Yuan
Summary: This study investigates the growth and decay of mountain belts using a coupled surface process and mantle-scale tectonic model. The results show that surface processes and tectonics play significant roles in controlling the height, shape, and longevity of mountain belts.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zoltan Erdos, Ritske S. Huismans, Claudio Faccenna
Summary: Back-arc basins are extensional structures that can exhibit narrow or wide-rift extension. The style of back-arc rifting is controlled by the relative rates of slab-pull force and convective thinning and thermal weakening of the overriding plate. A high subducting plate velocity leads to narrow back-arc rift, while a low subducting plate velocity allows for wide rifting.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Theunissen, Ritske S. Huismans
Summary: The development of offset normal faults in the conjugate Flemish Cap and Galicia magma-poor rifted margins is explored in this study. The authors suggest that alternating opposite dipping detachments are the underlying cause. By using forward geodynamic models, the research shows that multiple out-of-sequence detachments with recurring dip reversal occur during magma-poor rifting and mantle exhumation. The results indicate that fault types and detachment styles vary with spreading rate and fault strength.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Gang Lu, Ritske S. Huismans
Summary: In this study, the effects of depth-dependent wide rifting and lithospheric counterflow on magmatism during rifted margin formation were investigated using 2-Dimensional numerical models. The results show that strong crust promotes narrow margins while weak crust promotes depth-dependent wide rifting. Lithospheric counterflow may delay magmatism and result in exhumed a-magmatic continental mantle at narrow margins. The combination of wide rifting and lithospheric counterflow results in magma-poor wide margins.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Leonardo M. Pichel, Ritske S. Huismans, Robert Gawthorpe, Jan Inge Faleide, Thomas Theunissen
Summary: Research finds that wide rifted margins are characterized by gravity-driven updip extension and downdip shortening, and syn-depositional salt flow and salt stretching also occur in these margins. The results have significant implications for understanding the genesis and evolution of salt-bearing rifted margins.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Theunissen, Ritske S. Huismans, Gang Lu, Nicolas Riel
Summary: The selection of crustal and mantle densities in numerical geodynamic models is traditionally based on convention, which may not accurately reflect observed elevations. This study aims to calibrate densities to fit relative continent/mid-ocean ridge elevations based on observations, providing a reference case for geodynamic modelling. The results suggest that the relative elevation difference between mid-ocean ridges and continents is influenced by crustal density, mantle composition, and lithospheric mantle depletion.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Leonardo M. Pichel, Ritske S. Huismans, Robert Gawthorpe, Jan Inge Faleide, Thomas Theunissen
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics and controls on salt tectonics variability in continental rifted margins using 2D thermo-mechanical finite element modeling. The results show that different types of continental margins form different characteristics of salt basins, and the deposition and tectonic changes of salt are also influenced by syn-rift extension and basin architecture.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lorenz Wolf, Ritske S. Huismans, Sebastian G. Wolf, Delphine Rouby, Dave A. May
Summary: Continental rifts grow through the interaction and linkage of individual fault segments, influenced by erosion and sedimentation. A 3D computer model reveals that crustal strength, inherited structures, and erosional efficiency play significant roles in rift segment interaction and resulting rift architectures. The study identifies five characteristic rift patterns and finds similarities between the simulated results and the Western branch of the East African Rift System.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Benjamin Gerard, Delphine Rouby, Ritske S. Huismans, Cecile Robin, Charlotte Fillon, Jean Braun
Summary: In this study, a Landscape Evolution Model with flexural isostasy is used to examine the influence of inherited foreland relief on the stratigraphic evolution of the retro-foreland domain during mountain building. The initial relief of the foreland domain significantly alters its landscape evolution during the first 10 million years of simulation. However, once the foreland slope stabilizes, the impact of the initial relief is smoothed out and a long-term shallowing-up mega-sequence is recorded in the models. The timing of the transition from the under-filled to the over-filled phase is also affected by the initial relief of the foreland domain.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Leonardo M. Pichel, Ritske S. Huismans, Robert Gawthorpe, Jan Inge Faleide
Summary: Continental rifted margins with thick salt deposits exhibit varying and complex structural styles and evolution in the post-rift stage. Sediment fluxes and progradation rates significantly influence the style and magnitude of salt tectonics along these margins. The relationship between sediment progradation rates and salt flow rates controls the vertical and lateral movement of salt and determines the occurrence of diapirism and nappe advance. Geodynamic numerical modeling enhances our understanding of salt tectonics in salt-bearing rifted margins.
Article
Geography, Physical
Clement Desormeaux, Vincent Godard, Dimitri Lague, Guillaume Duclaux, Jules Fleury, Lucilla Benedetti, Olivier Bellier
Summary: Long-term landscape evolution is influenced by tectonic and climatic factors, with rivers playing a crucial role in continental denudation. River incision models, such as the stream power model (SPM), are used to understand the mechanisms of fluvial incision. This study investigates the behavior of stochastic-threshold incision models and emphasizes the importance of considering spatial variations in parameters and bedload characteristics when applying these models to field studies.
EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lingyu Zhang, Kristoffer Szilas
Summary: This study presents new petrological and geochemical data for the Narssaq Ultramafic Body (NUB) in the Itsaq Gneiss Complex of SW Greenland. The results indicate that the ultramafic rocks of NUB are not mantle residues, but instead represent crustal cumulates derived from high-Mg magmas.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Rong Xu, Sarah Lambart, Oliver Nebel, Ming Li, Zhongjie Bai, Junbo Zhang, Ganglan Zhang, Jianfeng Gao, Hong Zhong, Yongsheng Liu
Summary: This study investigated the iron isotope compositions of Cenozoic basalts in Southeast China, finding significant variations related to different types of basalts and their respective sources.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
C. J. Ebinger, Miriam C. Reiss, Ian Bastow, Mary M. Karanja
Summary: The East African rift system is formed above mantle upwellings and the formation of rifts is related to lithospheric thinning and magmatic activity. The amount of splitting varies spatially and the fast axes are predominantly parallel to the orientation of the rifts. Thick lithospheric modules have less splitting and different orientations, which may indicate mantle plume flow. Splitting rotates and increases in strength as it enters the rift zones, suggesting that the anisotropy is mainly present at shallow depths.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Correction
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ekaterina Rojas-Kolomiets, Owen Jensen, Michael Bizimis, Gene Yogodzinski, Lukas Ackerman
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Robert W. Nicklas, Igor S. Puchtel, Ethan F. Baxter
Summary: Oxygen fugacity is a fundamental parameter for understanding redox processes in igneous systems. This study compares the Fe-XANES oxybarometry method with the V-in-olivine method for evaluating fO(2) in MORB lavas. The results show that the V-in-olivine method is not applicable to samples with low MgO content, and that the majority of Archean komatiite sources have lower fO(2) than modern MORB.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chunfei Chen, Stephen F. Foley, Sebastian Tappe, Huange Ren, Lanping Feng, Yongsheng Liu
Summary: The volatile components CO2 and H2O play a major role in mantle melting and heterogeneity. In this study, Ca isotopes were used to trace the lithological heterogeneity in alkaline magmatic rocks. The results revealed the presence of K-richterite and carbonate components as the source of alkaline magmas with low delta 44/40Ca values. These findings highlight the importance of Ca isotopes as a robust tracer of lithological variation caused by volatiles in the Earth's upper mantle.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Timothee Jautzy, Gilles Rixhon, Regis Braucher, Romain Delunel, Pierre G. Valla, Laurent Schmitt, Aster Team
Summary: Although the current approach to estimate catchment-wide denudation rates using only 10Be concentrations has made significant progress in geomorphology, this study argues for the inclusion of 26Al measurements and testing of steady-state assumptions in slow eroding, formerly glaciated landscapes. The study conducted measurements of both 10Be and 26Al in stream sediments from the Vosges Massif in France and found that elevation, slope, channel steepness, and precipitation were the primary factors controlling denudation rates. The study also revealed a significant relationship between the extent of past glaciation and the cosmogenic (un-)steadiness in the stream sediments.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Erik van der Wiel, Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Cedric Thieulot, Wim Spakman
Summary: Numerical models of Earth's mantle dynamics can predict the vigour and mixing of mantle flow, and the average slab sinking rates are an unexplored parameter that can provide intrinsic information on these characteristics. Through numerical experiments, it has been found that slab sinking rates are strongly correlated with mantle convection and mixing, and may explain geochemical observations from hotspot volcanoes.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)