Article
Cell Biology
Claudia Puri, David C. Rubinsztein
Summary: Using superresolution structured illumination microscopy and electron microscopy, researchers have found that mammalian autophagosomes derive from finger-like outgrowths from the recycling endosome. These fingers close into a fist and the openings are sealed in an ESCRT-dependent fashion. The scission of the autophago-dome liberates free autophagosomes from this compartment, revealing unexpected morphologies of autophagosome precursors and raising new questions about the control of this process.
Article
Cell Biology
Simona M. Migliano, Sebastian W. Schultz, Eva M. Wenzel, Szabolcs Takats, Dan Liu, Silje Mork, Kia Wee Tan, Tor Erik Rusten, Camilla Raiborg, Harald Stenmark
Summary: This study describes a surveillance mechanism in cells that allows the detection and clearance of abnormal endosomes with receptor accumulation and elevated signaling through an autophagic process. This process, called simaphagy, serves as a failsafe mechanism in signal termination.
Review
Cell Biology
Tiffany G. Roach, Helja K. M. Lang, Wen Xiong, Samppa J. Ryhanen, Daniel G. S. Capelluto
Summary: TOM1, a member of the ESCRT protein family, plays a role in endosomal cargo sorting and forms complexes with other ESCRT proteins. It has also been found to participate in physiological processes such as autophagy, immune responses, and neuroinflammation, as well as serve as a survival mechanism for bacterial infections and cancer progression.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. King Cada, Mark R. Pavlin, Juan P. Castillo, Alexander B. Tong, Kevin P. Larsen, Xuefeng Ren, Adam L. Yokom, Feng-Ching Tsai, Jamie Shiah, Patricia M. Bassereau, Carlos J. Bustamante, James H. Hurley
Summary: The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) system is a membrane scission machinery that catalyzes the budding and scission of membranes. In this study, researchers investigated the capability of CHMP1B and IST1, two ESCRT-III subunits, to sever membranes on their own or in concert with VPS4 or spastin. They found that CHMP1B and IST1 can form stable scaffolds on membrane nanotubes but do not lead to scission. However, when an additional extensional force was applied, the CHMP1B-IST1 scaffolded tubes were severed, suggesting a friction-driven scission mechanism. The protein spastin was found to colocalize with CHMP1B-enriched sites but did not disassemble the CHMP1B-IST1 coat from the membrane. VPS4, on the other hand, resolubilized CHMP1B and IST1 without leading to scission. These results demonstrate that CHMP1B-IST1 can sever membranes by a friction-driven mechanism independent of VPS4 and spastin.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
John W. McLean, Julie A. Wilson, Tina Tian, Jennifer A. Watson, Mary VanHart, Andrew J. Bean, Steven S. Scherer, David K. Crossman, Eroboghene Ubogu, Scott M. Wilson
Summary: Endosomal sorting is crucial for neural development by regulating membrane receptor distribution and signaling pathways. Inactivation of the HGS protein in Schwann cells leads to peripheral neuropathy with deficits in motor and sensory functions, delayed myelination, and altered gene expression related to Schwann cell maturation. This study suggests that HGS is essential for endosomal sorting of ERBB2/3 receptors during Schwann cell development, implicating endosomal dysfunction in inherited peripheral neuropathies.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Yan Zhen, Harald Stenmark
Summary: Autophagy is a crucial process for cellular homeostasis, involving the degradation of cytoplasmic material through the formation of autophagosomes. Recent research has highlighted the role of vesicles containing ATG9 as potential initiators of autophagosome formation, as well as the involvement of ESCRT proteins in sealing the phagophore.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Jun-Ichi Sakamaki, Noboru Mizushima
Summary: Conjugation of Atg8-family proteins to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is important for auto-phagosome formation. PE conjugation was previously thought to be specific to Atg8 among the ubiquitin-family proteins, but our recent study found that ubiquitin is also conjugated to PE on endosomes and the vacuole. Other ubiquitin-like proteins, like NEDD8 and ISG15, can also bind to phospholipids covalently. We propose that conjugation to phospholipids could be a common feature of the ubiquitin family.
Article
Cell Biology
Pauline P. Marie, Shih-Jung Fan, John Mason, Adam Wells, Claudia C. Mendes, S. Mark Wainwright, Sheherezade Scott, Roman Fischer, Adrian L. Harris, Clive Wilson, Deborah C. I. Goberdhan
Summary: Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles formed in late endosomes with the help of core proteins of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT). Accessory ESCRT-III components are involved in vesicle scission but have a specific role in Rab11a-exosome generation. Knockdown of these proteins inhibits exosome production and suppresses pro-tumorigenic activities.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica A. Lawrence, Patricia Aguilar-Calvo, Daniel Ojeda-Juarez, Helen Khuu, Katrin Soldau, Donald P. Pizzo, Jin Wang, Adela Malik, Timothy F. Shay, Erin E. Sullivan, Brent Aulston, Seung Min Song, Julia A. Callender, Henry Sanchez, Michael D. Geschwind, Subhojit Roy, Robert A. Rissman, JoAnn Trejo, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Chengbiao Wu, Xu Chen, Gentry N. Patrick, Christina J. Sigurdson
Summary: Endolysosomal defects, including the reduction of Hrs and STAM1, exacerbate synaptic derangements and accelerate neurodegeneration in prion-infected brains. Depletion of neuronal Hrs leads to increased surface levels of PrPC, contributing to the rapidly advancing disease through neurotoxic signaling. The findings highlight the importance of proteostatic pathways and synaptic integrity in prion diseases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Keisuke Shimozono, Haitian Nan, Takanori Hata, Kozo Saito, Yeon-Jeong Kim, Hiroaki Nagatomo, Toshihisa Ohtsuka, Schuichi Koizumi, Yoshihisa Takiyama
Summary: This study generated a mouse model of SPG80 that reproduces the phenotype of patients with the disease. By observing the pathological changes in the mice, the role of the UBAP1 gene mutation in the development of the disease and its impact on vesicular trafficking were revealed. This model provides an important tool for further studying the molecular pathogenesis of SPG80 and screening therapeutic agents.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emma L. Clayton, Katherine Bonnycastle, Adrian M. Isaacs, Michael A. Cousin, Stephanie Schorge
Summary: Mutations in the ESCRT-III subunit CHMP2B lead to a novel synaptopathy characterized by selective retention of presynaptic SV trafficking proteins and defective SV recycling in neurons. This unique synaptic pathology may represent a key early event in various forms of FTD, as proteins associated with genetic FTD forms localize at the presynapse.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chun-Che Tseng, Robert C. Piper, David J. Katzmann
Summary: The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) play a crucial role in membrane remodeling during cellular processes. Recent research has uncovered the ability of Bro1, an ESCRT-associated Ub-binding protein, to coordinate ESCRT-III and Vps4-dependent intralumenal vesicle (ILV) biogenesis, as well as its involvement in upstream events such as cargo recognition.
Article
Cell Biology
Jie Han, Leslie A. Goldstein, Wen Hou, Simon C. Watkins, Hannah Rabinowich
Summary: The study reveals that the non-apoptotic activity of endosomal CASP9 promotes the retrograde transport of IGF2R and is involved in endosomal sorting and lysosomal biogenesis. CASP9 deficiency leads to missorting of proteins, accumulation of late endosomes, and disruption of protein degradation. The findings suggest a novel cell survival function for CASP9 at the endosomal membrane.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nuria Real, Irene Villar, Irene Serrano, Celia Guiu-Aragones, Ana Montserrat Martin-Hernandez
Summary: Resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in melon is controlled by a recessive resistance gene encoding a vacuolar protein sorting 41, which restricts the virus to bundle sheath cells. The resistant accessions show specific intravacuolar structures that colocalize with late endosomes.
Review
Cell Biology
Sara E. Hanley, Katrina F. Cooper
Summary: Protein homeostasis is maintained by three major pathways including the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and endo-lysosomal pathway. Sorting nexins, a family of membrane-associated proteins, play important roles in protein trafficking and maintaining protein quality control mechanisms by connecting with ubiquitin. Defects in sorting nexins are associated with a range of human diseases, highlighting their critical roles in cellular function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soojung Hahn, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim
Summary: This study utilized three-dimensional intestinal organoids to investigate the effects of metformin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and found that metformin can enhance intestinal barrier function and reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
V. V. Sudarev, M. S. Gette, S. V. Bazhenov, O. M. Tilinova, E. V. Zinovev, I. V. Manukhov, A. I. Kuklin, Yu. L. Ryzhykau, A. V. Vlasov
Summary: This study investigated the self-assembly processes of ferritin-based protein complexes and obtained structurally characterized oligomeric states. These results provide new potential and opportunities for the application of ferritin in various fields.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yalda Sabaghi, Farnaz Pourfarzad, Leila Zolghadr, Azita Bahrami, Tahereh Shojazadeh, Alireza Farasat, Nematollah Gheibi
Summary: p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a plant compound with anti-cancer activities. This study designed a nano-liposomal carrier containing p-CA to enhance its effectiveness against melanoma cells. The findings showed that the liposomal form of p-CA had a greater impact on the cells. Kinetic modeling indicated that the best fitting model was zero-order.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. D. Nazmul Hasan, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Al Asmaul Husna, Nobuhiro Nozaki, Osamu Yamato, Naoki Miura
Summary: This study investigated the expression of ncRNAs other than miRNAs in different histologic subtypes of canine mammary gland tumors (MGT). Three aberrantly expressed ncRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers for differentiating MGT subtypes. YRNA and tRFs expression levels were found to be decreased in metastatic compared to primary MGT cell lines.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seine A. Shintani
Summary: In this study, the researchers used signal analysis to study the instantaneous amplitude and phase of sarcomeric oscillations in skeletal muscle. They identified two types of oscillations, sarcomeric oscillations and sarcosynced oscillations, and visualized their behavior during propagating waves. The researchers discovered the presence of sarcomeric defect holes and sarcomeric collision holes, which are important indicators for understanding the oscillation properties of sarcomeres. This finding has important implications for improving our understanding of muscle function and its regulatory mechanisms.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuanglin Zhang, Yuzhong Jia, Guolan Ma, Yanyan Yang, Zhenzhen Cao, Antao Luo, Zefu Zhang, Shihan Li, Jie Wen, Hanfeng Liu, Jihua Ma
Summary: Bupleurum is an antiarrhythmic agent that may exert its effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomotaka Ohkubo, Yasuhiko Matsumoto, Hiroaki Sasaki, Kaoru Kinoshita, Yuki Ogasawara, Takashi Sugita
Summary: This study found that Citrobacter koseri inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, disrupting the balance between S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, and exacerbating inflammation in atopic dermatitis.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Toshifumi Asano, Philipp Sasse, Takao Nakata
Summary: A Cre recombination-based fluorescent reporter system was developed to monitor cell-cell fusion. The system successfully detected the formation of multinuclear myotubes and placental syncytiotrophoblast. This tool could facilitate the study of cell-to-cell fusion.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ke Shi, Yunlong Shan, Xiao Sun, Kuida Chen, Qiong Luo, Qiang Xu
Summary: This study found that low expression of TP53INP2 is associated with poor survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. As the malignancy of CRC progresses, TP53INP2 expression gradually decreases. Knockdown of TP53INP2 promotes CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Mechanistically, TP53INP2 deficiency decreases phosphorylation of beta-catenin, leading to increased accumulation and enhanced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. Additionally, TP53INP2 sequesters TIM50, inhibiting its activation of beta-catenin. In conclusion, downregulation of TP53INP2 promotes CRC progression by activating beta-catenin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Rossi, Fabio Tomaselli, Alejandro Hochkoeppler
Summary: Oligomeric enzymes are known for their higher catalytic rates compared to monomeric enzymes, but the extent of additivity in their activity is still not well understood. This study used tetrameric rabbit lactate dehydrogenase as a model to examine the kinetics of its catalytic action. Surprisingly, when the concentration of the limiting reactant exceeded that of a single subunit, there was a significant slowdown in the enzyme's conformational rearrangements.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amin Sahraei, Mohammad Javad Shamsoddini, Fakhrossadat Mohammadi, Leila Hassani
Summary: This study explored the inhibitory effects of gallium curcumin, indium curcumin, and vanadyl curcumin on the amyloid fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme, as well as the binding interactions of these metal complexes with the enzyme. The results showed that indium curcumin and vanadyl curcumin exhibited higher binding affinities and stronger inhibitory effects on amyloid fibrillation compared to gallium curcumin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahiro Sasaki, Yoshiki Kuse, Shinsuke Nakamura, Masamitsu Shimazawa
Summary: PGRN deficiency plays a significant role in cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias post-myocardial infarction (MI), potentially by promoting metabolic abnormalities in macrophages.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongwei Zhao, Yiqiang Li, Yibo Zhang, Chi Zhang
Summary: Electrical brain stimulation technology is commonly used to treat brain neurological disorders, but it can cause side effects. This study investigated the impact of electric fields on nerve fibers and revealed the possible origin of side effects. The findings provide guidance for selecting electrical parameters in clinical stimulation therapy.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia S. Scott, Lake-Ee Quek, Andrew J. Hoy, Johannes V. Swinnen, Zeyad D. Nassar, Lisa M. Butler
Summary: The fatty acid elongation enzyme ELOVL5 plays a critical role in promoting metastasis in prostate cancer. Knocking down ELOVL5 leads to the accumulation of malonyl-CoA, which inhibits fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. This study highlights the importance of fatty acid elongation in regulating cell viability and provides a potential target for prostate cancer treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zan Zhou, Wen-jun Jiang, Li Li, Jun-qiang Si
Summary: This study investigates the effect of noise exposure on cognitive function in mice and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms. The findings suggest that noise exposure leads to increased inflammation, increased phosphorylation of Tau protein, and decreased levels of postsynaptic density protein, resulting in cognitive impairment.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)