Article
Behavioral Sciences
Oly Sen Sarma, Natalia Frymus, Fredrik Axling, Per-Ove Thornqvist, Erika Roman, Svante Winberg
Summary: This study aimed to expand scientific knowledge on zebrafish husbandry practices by examining the effects of enrichment and fish density on their welfare. The findings showed that keeping zebrafish at lower densities (1 fish/L) increased aggression and cortisol secretion, and had an impact on brain monoamines. However, neither stocking density nor enrichment had clear effects on individual fish behavior in the novel tank diving test. Overall, the optimal stocking density for zebrafish is likely to be in the range of 3-6 fish/L.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Elizabeth F. R. Preston, Faye J. Thompson, Solomon Kyabulima, Darren P. Croft, Michael A. Cant
Summary: Intergroup conflict can lead to short-term increase in social cohesion, but its long-term effects are uncertain. Animals show transient grooming responses to intrusion stimuli, which decline over time, suggesting complex dynamics in social behavior adjustments.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Nursing
Kristel Ward-Stockham, Suzanne Kapp, Rebecca Jarden, Marie Gerdtz, Catherine Daniel
Summary: Safewards is widely used in healthcare settings to reduce conflict and containment events, improving therapeutic relationships, cohesion, and ward atmosphere for staff and consumers. The framework has shown promising results in enhancing safety experience and promoting recovery-oriented care when combined with ongoing training, leadership, and time for consolidation. Further robust evidence is needed to fully support its effectiveness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Lawrence H. Gerstein, Ashley Hutchison, Yuichung Chan, Annis Lai-Chu Fung
Summary: The study found that Hong Kong adolescents generally endorsed using empathy and insistence on the truth when faced with conflict, while reactively proactive aggressive youth tended to utilize physical-psychological violence to resolve conflict. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between aggression and various conflict resolution strategies. These findings can help mental health professionals design programs to promote protective or buffering factors associated with proactive and reactive aggression.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Coltan G. Parker, Joanne S. Lee, Abigail R. Histed, Sarah E. Craig, Justin S. Rhodes
Summary: The study conducted on the protandrous sex changing anemonefish revealed that the behavioral and hormonal changes during sex change were different than expected. Despite the shift in hormones towards an intermediate profile between males and females, the sex-changing fish displayed persistently male-like behavior throughout the sex change process. This suggests a unique timecourse for protandrous sex change in anemonefish, distinct from other established models.
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Amar Sarkar, Richard W. Wrangham
Summary: Humans exhibit a paradoxical behavior of being both peaceful and violent. A social evolutionary theory explains this by suggesting that human aggression is a result of low tendencies for reactive aggression and coercive behavior, but high tendencies for proactive aggression, especially in coalitions. These traits are linked to the evolution of group behavior, self-domestication, and social norms. The plasticity in the biological mechanisms responsible for aggression is believed to be influenced by various social signaling molecules.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Rok Golobinek, Matjaz Gregoric, Simona Kralj-Fiser
Summary: The study focuses on the Mediterranean black widow spider species, investigating how body size and aggressive behaviors influence mating behavior, mating success, and sexual cannibalism. Results show that individual variation in aggression levels does not play a direct role in mating behavior, but body size affects male mating success and the occurrence of sexual cannibalism in females.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentina Pieroni, Angelo Facchini, Massimo Riccaboni
Summary: This study shows that lockdown measures effectively contained the spread of COVID-19 in Italy but also led to increased unemployment risk nationwide. Mobility contraction resulted in reduced mortality rates, but also caused an increase in hours for Wage Guarantee Funds.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Javier-David Lopez-Morinigo, Maura Boldrini, Valdo Ricca, Maria A. Oquendo, Enrique Baca-Garcia
Summary: This study compared aggression and impulsivity levels in different countries and found that aggression scores were highest in New York City, while impulsivity levels were highest in Florence. It also found that suicide attempters in New York City and Madrid had higher aggression and impulsivity scores compared to non-attempters. Additionally, the study showed that aggression was associated with suicidal behavior in New York City and Florence, while impulsivity was linked with suicidal behavior in New York City and Madrid.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Social
Michael Yoho, Sharon Faur, Brett Laursen
Summary: This study examines the impact of conflict on the relationship between aggressiveness, disruptiveness, and classroom popularity. The findings indicate that conflict amplifies the association between these traits, particularly for children who frequently experience conflict with their peers.
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Z. Yan Wang, Grace C. McKenzie-Smith, Weijie Liu, Hyo Jin Cho, Talmo Pereira, Zahra Dhanerawala, Joshua W. Shaevitz, Sarah D. Kocher
Summary: Social isolation, especially in early life, has harmful effects on the physiology and behavior of bees. This study used new high-throughput tools to investigate the impact of isolation on bumblebees from behavioral, molecular, and neuroanatomical perspectives. The study found that isolated bees showed increased social interactions and disrupted gene expression and brain development. Limited social experience in small groups, however, was sufficient to maintain typical brain development and social behavior.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Duc Tin Le, Son Van Huynh, Truong Vuong Vu, Nhu-Thuyen Dang-Thi, Bao-Tran Nguyen-Duong, Kiet Anh Duong, Tan Ngan Mai, Thanh Nhon Huynh, Phuc Tan Mai, Vinh-Long Tran-Chi
Summary: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between personality traits and verbal or physical aggression in Vietnamese adolescents. The findings indicated a significant interaction between personality traits, specifically extraversion and neuroticism, and physical aggression, verbal aggression, and anger. Gender and school year also influenced personality traits. Importantly, physical and verbal aggression mediated the relationship between personality traits and aggressive behavior.
PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH AND BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Economics
Ori Shai
Summary: This study finds that individuals in physical danger during a conflict are more likely to exhibit pro-social behavior afterwards, with increased psychological growth possibly being a key mechanism. Placebo analysis using pre-conflict data supports these conclusions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marion de Vevey, Alice Bouchard, Adrian Soldati, Klaus Zuberbuhler
Summary: Chimpanzees use nose skin temperature to express cooperative and competitive social events, and these perceptions are moderated by specific audiences.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Family Studies
Nicholas M. Morelli, Kajung Hong, Xavier Elzie, Jackelyne Garcia, Meghan C. Evans, Jacqueline Duong, Miguel T. Villodas
Summary: This study examined the bidirectional and transactional associations between family conflict and children's behavioral problems. The results showed significant associations between family conflict and child behavior problems, even after controlling for prior victimization. Additionally, these associations were stronger among boys compared to girls.
CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Theresa Rueger, Peter M. Buston, Steven M. Bogdanowicz, Marian Y. Wong
Summary: The study on the emerald coral goby suggests the potential role of kin selection in explaining why breeders tolerate nonbreeders within social groups. On the other hand, the tolerance of nonbreeders towards their situation is better explained by alternative hypotheses such as territory inheritance, and ecological and social constraints. This study highlights the importance of considering kin selection even in marine animals with dispersive larval phases to explain the evolution of complex social groups.
Article
Ecology
C. C. D'Aloia, S. M. Bogdanowicz, J. A. Andres, P. M. Buston
Summary: Long-distance dispersal in the coral reef fish Elacatinus lori was uncovered using genetic parentage analysis and population assignment tests. Low rates of gene flow were found between populations in the adult generation, and despite the potential for ocean currents to facilitate long-distance dispersal, the gene flow rate among settlers was also low. By combining these two methods, short- and long-distance dispersal can be identified effectively.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
T. Rueger, S. J. Heatwole, M. Y. L. Wong
Summary: Many animal groups have dominance hierarchies, and this study focused on the variation in helping and aggression based on social rank in two anemonefish species. The results showed that higher-ranked individuals displayed more aggression and helping behavior. Surprisingly, even individuals with lower rank still exhibited helping behavior despite low relatedness within the group.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Marian Y. L. Wong, Leigha R. Aitken, Amanda L. Beasley, Stephen G. Morris, Anna Scott
Summary: This study explores the risk-reward trade-off in animal foraging decisions and investigates the role of social, reproductive and environmental factors in mediating this trade-off. By studying anemonefish in the marine environment, the researchers found that individuals adjust their time spent near or far from the anemone based on tide, status, and the presence of eggs, which can be explained by threat sensitive behavior. This study enhances our understanding of how individuals balance the costs and benefits of foraging in relation to predation risk over different scales.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Sarah B. O'Hea Miller, Andrew R. Davis, Marian Y. L. Wong
Summary: This study investigates the impact of habitat complexity on aggression between invasive and native crayfish species. The results demonstrate that habitat complexity reduces aggression in intraspecific contests, but has no effect on interspecific contests. Additionally, the study finds that invasive species are more competitive and pose a greater threat to native species when established as residents.
Review
Ecology
Peter Buston, Tim Clutton-Brock
Summary: This article reviews experimental evidence for strategic growth in social vertebrates and describes the conditions under which strategic growth commonly occurs, as well as potential examples of convergent evolution of strategic growth across the tree of life. This has implications for our understanding of the regulation of individual growth and size.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Theresa Rueger, Anjali Kristina Bhardwaj, Emily Turner, Tina Adria Barbasch, Isabela Trumble, Brianne Dent, Peter Michael Buston
Summary: This study investigates the plasticity of vertebrate growth in response to variation in mutualistic interactions, using clown anemonefish and their anemone hosts as an example. The results show that fish on larger anemones grow faster than fish on smaller anemones, indicating the adjustment of growth to maximize reproductive value in an anemone context.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biology
John E. Majoris, Fritz A. Francisco, Corinne M. Burns, Simon J. Brandl, Karen M. Warkentin, Peter M. Buston
Summary: In oviparous species, the timing of hatching is a critical decision, and this study provides the first evidence of parental hatching regulation in a coral reef fish species. Male neon gobies were found to directly regulate hatching, resulting in later, more synchronous, and more successful hatching compared to artificially incubated embryos. These findings suggest that male gobies can respond to environmental conditions and modify the hatching time of their offspring, potentially influencing larval dispersal and fitness.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Robin K. Francis, Katrina A. Catalano, John E. Majoris, Theresa Rueger, Cassidy C. D'Aloia, Steve Bogdanowicz, Peter M. Buston
Summary: Determining patterns and causes of variation in reproductive success is crucial for understanding mating systems and sexual selection. This study focused on the cryptobenthic coral reef fish Elacatinus lori to investigate its breeding habitat characteristics, genetic mating system, and factors influencing male mating success. The results showed a positive relationship between male size and multiple metrics of mating success, but only explained a small proportion of the variation, suggesting the need to quantify other aspects of male phenotype and ecological context. The study emphasizes the importance of measuring habitat characteristics and male traits at smaller spatial scales to gain a deeper understanding of mating systems and sexual selection in species with restricted female movements.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
E. Schlatter, CaitLynn Klawon, Colleen Webb, Peter Buston
Summary: This study investigates the potential for adaptive evolution in larval size and swimming speed, two traits that may be related to dispersal outcomes in clown anemonefish. The researchers found strong evidence for the heritability of larval body size, but less conclusive evidence for the heritability of swimming speed. This work highlights the importance of considering prior distribution in Bayesian analysis and advances our understanding of potential dispersal-related larval traits.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Catheline Y. M. Froehlich, O. Selma Klanten, Martin L. Hing, Mark Dowton, Marian Y. L. Wong
Summary: Mutualistic partners may not recover similarly from multiple disturbances, as demonstrated by the delayed recovery of coral-dwelling goby fishes compared to their host corals following consecutive cyclones and heatwaves. The gobies showed a decrease in abundance and species diversity, while their coral hosts became more abundant postdisturbances. Gobies shifted hosts to newly abundant coral species, potentially affecting their fitness and survival in response to environmental changes.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Renae L. Kirby, Marian Y. L. Wong
Summary: This study focuses on Australian burrowing shrimp and investigates their social structure and its underlying correlates. The researchers found that these shrimp exhibit variation in social structure, including solitary, paired (homosexual and heterosexual), and group arrangements. The variation in social structure is correlated with body size characteristics, seasonality, and site. Further controlled experiments are needed to confirm these findings due to the limitations of sampling a cryptic burrowing species in situ.
JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Karina Scavo Lord, Kathryn C. C. Lesneski, Peter M. M. Buston, Sarah W. W. Davies, Cassidy C. C. D'Aloia, John R. R. Finnerty
Summary: Using 2bRAD sequencing, this study demonstrates that a natural population of thin-finger coral (Porites divaricata) persists in mangroves through rampant asexual reproduction and limited dispersal. The findings suggest limited genetic diversity in mangrove populations and limited connectivity between mangroves and nearby reefs, with skewed sex ratios. Therefore, coral conservation should involve protecting the entire coral habitat mosaic, not just reefs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Yinan Hu, John E. Majoris, Peter M. Buston, Jacqueline F. Webb
Summary: This study provides the first description of ear development in the pelagic larvae and juveniles of coral reef fishes. The results show that their ears lack the morphological specializations seen in other fish species. However, it is concluded that these unremarkable ears are sufficient for these fishes to navigate the open ocean and locate suitable settlement sites on coral reefs.
ICHTHYOLOGY AND HERPETOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Tina A. Barbasch, Rebecca Branconi, Robin Francis, Madison Pacaro, Maya Srinivasan, Geoffrey P. Jones, Peter M. Buston
Summary: In a study of clownfish, experimentally handicapping parents led to a decrease in egg laying by females and parental care by males, but did not result in changes in effort between female and male parents. The number of embryos that matured to hatching, as an indicator of pair effort, was not affected by the manipulation, suggesting that clownfish do not face predicted conflict costs when one parent is handicapped.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2021)