4.3 Article

Strengthening Mechanisms of Powder Metallurgy Extruded CP Titanium Materials with Zirconium and Oxygen Solid Solution via Decomposition of ZrO2 Additives in Sintering

Journal

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS
Volume 60, Issue 9, Pages 1881-1889

Publisher

JAPAN INST METALS & MATERIALS
DOI: 10.2320/matertrans.Y-M2019833

Keywords

biomaterial; titanium alloy; thermal decomposition; zirconium; high strengthening

Funding

  1. Japan Science and Technology Agency under Industry-Academia Collaborative R&D Program Heterogeneous Structure Control: Towards Innovative Development of Metallic Structural Materials
  2. Amada Foundation [AF-2016003]

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One of the representative high-strength titanium (Ti) alloys used as biomaterials is a commercial Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64). It has, however, serious problems because Ti-64 contains vanadium, one of highly toxic elements, as the necessary additive to improve the mechanical strength. In this study, in order to develop a high-strength and biocompatible Ti alloy for application to biomaterials, powder metallurgy (PM) alpha-Ti material with zirconium (Zr) and oxygen (O) solid solution (Ti(Zr,O) alloy) was fabricated from the elemental mixture of CP Ti and ZrO2 powders. During solid-state sintering process, the additive ZrO2 particles were decomposed by reaction with CP Ti powder, and then Zr and O atoms were dissolved in the alpha-Ti crystals as substitutional and interstitial elements, respectively. These solution elements caused a remarkable increment of the lattice constant of alpha-Ti (hcp) crystal, and resulted in the significant improvement of tensile strength of Ti alloys. For example, Ti(Zr,O) alloy showed 0.2% yield stress of 1153 MPa when using CP Ti powder mixed with 3 wt.% ZrO2 particles, which was greatly high compared to PM CP Ti material with 0.2% YS of 463 MPa. In addition, the solid solution strengthening mechanism of this alloy was investigated in detail.

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