Attenuating effect of α-pinene on neurobehavioural deficit, oxidative damage and inflammatory response following focal ischaemic stroke in rat

Objectives Oxidative stress and inflammation have a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke. Alpha-pinene is a monoterpenoid molecule with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The nobility of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of alpha-pinene in ischaemic stroke. Methods Ischaemic stroke was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion in male Wistar rats. Alpha-pinene (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered in the beginning of reperfusion. Then, the neurobehavioural function, infarct volume, brain oedema, antioxidant enzyme activity and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated by different methods in the brain. Key findings Alpha-pinene (50 and 100 mg/kg) elicited a significant decrease in the brain oedema and infarct size as well as an improvement in the neurobehavioural function. Besides, alpha-pinene (100 mg/kg) restored the function of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and reduced the concentration of MDA, NO and IL-6 in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum. Conclusions It was ultimately attainted that alpha-pinene exerts neuroprotective effect in ischaemic stroke in rat through the restoration of antioxidant enzymes activity, attenuation of lipid peroxidation and reduction of inflammation in the ischaemic brains.