Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian Boicean, Victoria Birlutiu, Cristian Ichim, Paula Anderco, Sabrina Birsan
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex diseases characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown increasing effectiveness and safety in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and CDI. By modifying the gut microbiota, FMT offers an alternative approach to indirectly influence the host's immune system in a safe way, improving clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings in IBD patients. Further validation is needed to establish a clinical protocol for FMT in IBD.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuri Haneishi, Yuma Furuya, Mayu Hasegawa, Antonio Picarelli, Mauro Rossi, Junki Miyamoto
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a rapidly increasing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Recent research suggests that factors such as genetics, environment, microbiota, and immune responses are involved in its development, but the underlying causes are unclear. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota, particularly a decrease in specific genera, has been identified as a possible trigger for IBD. Improving gut microbiota and identifying specific bacterial species are crucial for understanding and treating IBD and autoimmune diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Marleen Bouhuys, Willem S. Lexmond, Patrick F. van Rheenen
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, immune-mediated disorders that include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Pediatric onset of the disease occurs in about 10% of cases. The management of pediatric IBD has evolved, with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy being used upfront for patients at high risk for complications. Biochemical or endoscopic remission is the therapeutic goal, and pediatric IBD comes with unique challenges such as growth impairment and psychological issues. General pediatricians play a crucial role in integrating these challenges in the clinical care of patients with IBD and optimizing their outcomes.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Magdalena Stojek, Anna Jablonska, Krystian Adrych
Summary: The exact pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and exaggerated immune responses. Current management strategies focus on correcting immune responses, with potential new treatments like FMT showing promising results.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaochen Zhang, Dai Ishikawa, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shinji Fukuda, Akihito Nagahara
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal mucosa with a complex etiology. The altered gut microbiota in IBD patients is associated with dysbiosis, leading to disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown promising efficacy and safety in the treatment of IBD, but further optimization is needed for its implementation.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jiuxi Liu, Jiapei Cai, Naisheng Zhang, Jiandong Tai, Peng Fan, Xue Dong, Yongguo Cao
Summary: Salidroside, a plant compound, can ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity by modulating gut microbiota. It reduces body weight and fat accumulation, decreases liver inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia, and repairs intestinal damage.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Rohma Ghani, Benjamin H. Mullish, Lauren A. Roberts, Frances J. Davies, Julian R. Marchesi
Summary: Disruption to the intestinal microbiota increases the risk of infection, and restoring its composition is a potential strategy to mitigate this risk. Fecal microbiota transplantation is currently the major therapeutic approach, with potential use in treating other infectious diseases.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xue Guo, Chen Huang, Jing Xu, Haoming Xu, Le Liu, Hailan Zhao, Jiaqi Wang, Wenqi Huang, Wu Peng, Ye Chen, Yuqiang Nie, Yongjian Zhou, Youlian Zhou
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by relapse and remission, making it challenging to diagnose and assess disease activity. Traditional biomarkers from plasma and stool lack specificity, while changes in gut microbiota are closely associated with IBD etiology and pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yayuan Yang, Baiqiang Cui, Yanan Lv, Xiangnan Lu, Wenxiang Shen, Min Feng, Xuezhi Ding, Pengcheng Dong, Yu Wang
Summary: This study found that Plateau pika feces can alleviate symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and promote a healthy gut microbiota in mice. Plateau pika feces transfer also improved the mice's body-weight, disease activity index, and histological scores. The findings suggest the potential of Plateau pika feces as an alternative therapy for IBD.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hyo-Min Jang, Jeon-Kyung Kim, Min-Kyung Joo, Yoon-Jung Shin, Chang Kyun Lee, Hyo-Jong Kim, Dong-Hyun Kim
Summary: The occurrence of depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is closely related to systemic inflammation and anxiety/depression-like behaviors. Changes in gut microbiota composition, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and tight junction protein expression may play a key role in this process.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jongwook Yu, Jae Hee Cheon
Summary: Gut dysbiosis is a prominent feature in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) with unknown causes. Research has focused on managing IBD by modulating and correcting gut dysbiosis, using methods such as antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. However, studies on specific changes in the gut microbiota depending on the treatment options are limited.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Chatpol Samuthpongtorn, Piyawat Kantagowit, Rapat Pittayanon, Tanisa Patcharatrakul, Sutep Gonlachanvit
Summary: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) significantly improved short-term symptoms of IBS-SSS and IBS-QoL in IBS patients. However, there was no significant improvement in global symptoms. Well-defined donors and appropriate fecal administration routes appear to be important factors for the successful outcomes of FMT in IBS.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jing Xu, Mingzhu Wang, Qiuping Liu, Xiaoying Lin, Kefeng Pu, Zhixing He
Summary: Nitrite has toxic effects on mice, and gut microbiota can mediate the toxicity of nitrite. High doses of nitrite can cause dysbiosis in the gut microbiota, affecting metabolism and stress response.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jie Wu, Liang Lv, Chunlian Wang
Summary: The meta-analysis examined the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and found inconsistent results. FMT administered via colonoscopy or gastroscope may benefit IBS patients and improve their quality of life. However, the quality of evidence supporting the use of FMT in IBS is very low.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gianluca Ianiro, Stefano Bibbo, Serena Porcari, Carlo Romano Settanni, Federica Giambo, Andreea Roxana Curta, Gianluca Quaranta, Franco Scaldaferri, Luca Masucci, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Cammarota
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a risk factor for C. difficile infection (CDI), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) appears to be highly effective and safe in treating both CDI and improving disease activity of IBD.
Article
Neuroimaging
Rosalie McDonough, Johanna M. Ospel, Charles B. L. M. Majoie, Jeffrey L. Saver, Philip White, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Scott B. Brown, Andrew M. Demchuk, Tudor G. Jovin, Peter J. Mitchell, Serge Bracard, Bruce C. Campbell, Keith W. Muir, Michael D. Hill, Francis Guillemin, Mayank Goyal
Summary: This study examined the effect of pre-stroke functional levels on the outcome of endovascular therapy. The results showed that patients with mild pre-existing disability/symptoms had worse outcomes compared to those without disability. However, within the subgroup of patients with mild disability/symptoms, endovascular therapy still had a significant benefit.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINTERVENTIONAL SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou, Julie Demaret, Benedicte Corroyer-Simovic, Fanny Vuotto, Sophie Miczek, Julien Labreuche, Anne Goffard, Jacques Trauet, Daniela Lupau, Arnaud Dendooven, Dominique Huvent-Grelle, Juliette Podvin, Daniel Dreuil, Karine Faure, Dominique Deplanque, Laurence Bocket, Alain Duhamel, Annie Sobaszek, Didier Hober, Michael Hisbergues, Francois Puisieux, Brigitte Autran, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Myriam Labalette, Guillaume Lefevre
Summary: The study investigated the serum neutralizing activity and T cell response against BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages before and after the administration of the booster vaccine in healthcare workers. The results showed that a low neutralizing activity was observed before the booster dose, but significant increases in neutralizing antibodies against Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 were observed after 3 months. Participants with recent infection maintained stable neutralizing antibody levels against Delta and BA.2, and showed an increase in neutralizing antibodies against BA.1.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
S. Moutaharrik, A. Maroni, C. Neut, C. Dubuquoy, L. Dubuquoy, A. Foppoli, M. Cerea, L. Palugan, F. Siepmann, J. Siepmann, A. Gazzaniga
Summary: A novel drug delivery system based on multiple drug release triggers was developed and evaluated for oral colon delivery, with a specific focus on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy. The system demonstrated pulsatile drug release in different release media and faster drug release in simulated colonic fluid with fecal bacteria from IBD patients. Promising results were observed in a preliminary rat study, indicating potential therapeutic effects on colitis progression and microbiota alteration.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dominique Deplanque, Christine Fetro, Antoine Ferry, Philippe Lechat, Terence Beghyn, Claude Bernard, Antoine Bernasconi, Hugues Bienayme, Celine Cougoule, Joanie Del Bano, Claire Demiot, Benedicte Lebrun-Vignes
Summary: The repurposing of existing drugs for new indications can address unmet therapeutic needs, especially in the context of rare diseases and emergencies. However, there are challenges in accessing the drug and its data during preclinical and clinical stages, and clinical results may not guarantee marketing authorization or patient care. The round table proposed recommendations to overcome these obstacles, including the establishment of a well-funded public-private partnership to provide individualized support for projects until marketing application.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Catherine Madzak, Sabine Poiret, Sophie Salome Desnoulez, Benoit Foligne, Frank Lafont, Catherine Daniel
Summary: Yarrowia lipolytica is a potential vector for oral delivery of therapeutic proteins. Researchers engineered two strains of Y. lipolytica to produce the model protein mCherry, and found that the strains persisted in the mouse intestine and maintained protein expression for at least 1 week after oral administration. This study suggests that Y. lipolytica strains can be used as oral delivery vectors for therapeutic proteins.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christiana Kartsonaki, J. Kenneth Baillie, Noelia Garcia Barrio, Joaquin Baruch, Abigail Beane, Lucille Blumberg, Fernando Bozza, Tessa Broadley, Aidan Burrell, Gail Carson, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Andrew Dagens, Emmanuelle A. Dankwa, Christl A. Donnelly, Jake Dunning, Loubna Elotmani, Martina Escher, Nataly Farshait, Jean-Christophe Goffard, Bronner P. Goncalves, Matthew Hall, Madiha Hashmi, Benedict Sim Lim Heng, Antonia Ho, Waasila Jassat, Miguel Pedrera Jimenez, Cedric Laouenan, Samantha Lissauer, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, France Mentre, Laura Merson, Ben Morton, Daniel Munblit, Nikita A. Nekliudov, Alistair D. Nichol, Budha Charan Singh Oinam, David Ong, Prasan Kumar Panda, Michele Petrovic, Mark G. Pritchard, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, Grazielle Viana Ramos, Claire Roger, Oana Sandulescu, Malcolm G. Semple, Pratima Sharma, Louise Sigfrid, Emily C. Somers, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Fabio Taccone, Pavan Kumar Vecham, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Jia Wei, Evert-Jan Wils, Xin Ci Wong, Peter Horby, Amanda Rojek, Piero L. Olliaro, Ali Abbas
Summary: This study analyzed demographic features, treatments, and clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in 52 countries from January 2020 to January 2022. Age and male sex were associated with a higher risk of death. Symptoms, co-morbidities, and treatments were associated with clinical outcomes. This comprehensive international study provides valuable information for prioritizing treatment for COVID-19 patients at higher risk of death.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hakim Hocini, Aurelie Wiedemann, Fabiola Blengio, Cecile Lefebvre, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Emile Foucat, Pascaline Tisserand, Mathieu Surenaud, Severin Coleon, Melanie Prague, Lydia Guillaumat, Corinne Krief, Craig Fenwick, Cedric Laouenan, Lila Bouadma, Jade Ghosn, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Rodolphe Thiebaut, Yves Levy, Laurent Abel, Amal Abrous, Claire Andrejak, Francois Angoulvant, Delphine Bachelet, Marie Bartoli, Sylvie Behilill, Marine Beluze, Krishna Bhavsar, Anissa Chair, Charlotte Charpentier, Leo Chenard, Catherine Chirouze, Sandrine Couffin-cadiergues, Camille Couffignal, Nathalie D. E. Castro, Marie-Pierre Debray, Dominique Deplanque, Diane Descamps, Alpha Diallo, Fernanda Dias D. A. Silva, Celine Dorival, Xavier Duval, Philippine Eloy, Vincent Enouf, Helene Esperou, Marina Esposito-farese, Manuel Etienne, Aline-Marie Florence, Alexandre Gaymard, Tristan Gigante, Morgane Gilg, Francois Goehringer, Jeremie Guedj, Ikram Houas, Isabelle Hoffmann, Jean-Sebastien Hulot, Salma Jaafoura, Simon Jamard, Ouifiya Kafif, Antoine Khalil, Nadhem Lafhej, Samira Laribi, Minh Le, Quentin LE. Hingrat, Soizic LE. Mestre, Sophie Letrou, Bruno Lina, Guillaume Lingas, Denis Malvy, France Mentre, Hugo Mouquet, Nadege Neant, Christelle Paul, Aurelie Papadopoulos, Ventzislava Petrov-sanchez, Gilles Peytavin, Valentine Piquard, Olivier Picone, Manuel Rosa-calatrava, Benedicte Rossignol, Patrick Rossignol, Carine Roy, Marion Schneider, Coralie Tardivon, Jean-Francois Timsit, Sarah Tubiana, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Benoit Visseaux
Summary: This study investigated the immunological dysfunction underlying the persistence of symptoms in individuals after severe COVID-19 infection. The analysis of cytokines, cell phenotypes, antibodies, and gene expression profiles revealed persistent abnormalities even up to 6 months after hospital discharge, including high levels of activation markers, T-cell abnormalities, decreased antibodies, and upregulation of genes related to blood components. These findings suggest the need for extended clinical follow-up and preventive measures for patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dominique Deplanque
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Daniela Matuozzo, Estelle Talouarn, Astrid Marchal, Peng Zhang, Jeremy Manry, Yoann Seeleuthner, Yu Zhang, Alexandre Bolze, Matthieu Chaldebas, Baptiste Milisavljevic, Adrian Gervais, Paul Bastard, Takaki Asano, Lucy Bizien, Federica Barzaghi, Hassan Abolhassani, Ahmad Abou Tayoun, Alessandro Aiuti, Ilad Alavi Darazam, Luis M. Allende, Rebeca Alonso-Arias, Andres Augusto Arias, Gokhan Aytekin, Peter Bergman, Simone Bondesan, Yenan T. Bryceson, Ingrid G. Bustos, Oscar Cabrera-Marante, Sheila Carcel, Paola Carrera, Giorgio Casari, Khalil Chaibi, Roger Colobran, Antonio Condino-Neto, Laura E. Covill, Ottavia M. Delmonte, Loubna El Zein, Carlos Flores, Peter K. Gregersen, Marta Gut, Filomeen Haerynck, Rabih Halwani, Selda Hancerli, Lennart Hammarstroem, Nevin Hatipoglu, Adem Karbuz, Sevgi Keles, Christele Kyheng, Rafael Leon-Lopez, Jose Luis Franco, Davood Mansouri, Javier Martinez-Picado, Ozge Metin Akcan, Isabelle Migeotte, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, Guillaume Morelle, Andrea Martin-Nalda, Giuseppe Novelli, Antonio Novelli, Tayfun Ozcelik, Figen Palabiyik, Qiang Pan-Hammarstroem, Rebeca Perez de Diego, Laura Planas-Serra, Daniel E. Pleguezuelo, Carolina Prando, Aurora Pujol, Luis Felipe Reyes, Jacques G. Riviere, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego, Julian Rojas, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, Agatha Schlueter, Mohammad Shahrooei, Ali Sobh, Pere Soler-Palacin, Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Imran Tipu, Cristina Tresoldi, Jesus Troya, Diederik van de Beek, Mayana Zatz, Pawel Zawadzki, Saleh Zaid Al-Muhsen, Mohammed Faraj Alosaimi, Fahad M. Alsohime, Hagit Baris-Feldman, Manish J. Butte, Stefan N. Constantinescu, Megan A. Cooper, Clifton L. Dalgard, Jacques Fellay, James R. Heath, Yu-Lung Lau, Richard P. Lifton, Tom Maniatis, Trine H. Mogensen, Horst von Bernuth, Alban Lermine, Michel Vidaud, Anne Boland, Jean-Francois Deleuze, Robert Nussbaum, Amanda Kahn-Kirby, France Mentre, Sarah Tubiana, Guy Gorochov, Florence Tubach, Pierre Hausfater, C. O. V. I. D. Human Genetic Effort, Isabelle Meyts, Shen-Ying Zhang, Anne Puel, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis, Helen C. Su, Bertrand Boisson, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Qian Zhang, Laurent Abel, Aurelie Cobat
Summary: Through a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis, it was found that there is an association between at-risk variants in the TLR7 gene and rare loss-of-function variants in TLR3-dependent type I interferon immunity genes. These findings suggest that rare variants in TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon immunity genes may underlie life-threatening COVID-19 in patients under 60 years old.
Article
Polymer Science
Henry Chijcheapaza-Flores, Nicolas Tabary, Feng Chai, Mickael Maton, Jean-Noel Staelens, Frederic Cazaux, Christel Neut, Bernard Martel, Nicolas Blanchemain, Maria Jose Garcia-Fernandez
Summary: This study aims to combine the properties of hydrogels based on chitosan (CHT) and the polymer of beta cyclodextrin (PCD) for local delivery of cinnamaldehyde (CN) in diabetic foot ulcers. The results demonstrated the successful development of a cytocompatible (ISO 10993-5) injectable hydrogel with antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Furthermore, a partial active molecule release and an increase in hydrogel elasticity were observed in the presence of CN.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julie Dubois-Chevalier, Celine Gheeraert, Alexandre Berthier, Clemence Boulet, Vanessa Dubois, Loic Guille, Marie Fourcot, Guillemette Marot, Karine Gauthier, Laurent Dubuquoy, Bart Staels, Philippe Lefebvre, Jerome Eeckhoute
Summary: Cell identity is controlled by a core transcriptional regulatory circuitry (CoRC) consisting of cell-specific transcription factors (TFs). However, our study reveals that the transcriptional regulatory network regulating hepatocyte identity is more complex than initially thought. We identified a set of TFs, which we call hepatocyte identity (Hep-ID)(CONNECT) TFs, that not only control hepatocyte identity effector genes, but also interact with TFs of the CoRC. Furthermore, we found that Hep-IDCONNECT TFs play a role in fine-tuning CoRC TF expression and can reset CoRC TF expression in dedifferentiated hepatocytes.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Morgane Rivoal, Laurent Dubuquoy, Regis Millet, Natascha Leleu-Chavain
Summary: RIPK2 is an essential downstream signaling molecule that activates various immune receptors, playing a crucial role in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer. This Perspective provides an overview of RIPK2 function, its role in diseases, available inhibitors, therapeutic strategies, and current challenges and outlook.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tatiana Galperine, Ilka Engelmann, Sebastien Hantz, Deiborah Postil, Anny Dewilde, Dominique Deplanque, Renaud Martin, Julien Labreuche, Mouna Lazrek, Stephanie Somers, Elodie Ribot, Sophie Alain
Summary: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is the preferred treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infections (CDI). However, the donor screening process varies between countries and guidelines differ on the need for CMV testing. This study found that healthy donors with positive CMV serology do not shed CMV DNA in their stool, suggesting that CMV screening may not be necessary.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Danye Lee, Jeremie Le Pen, Ahmad Yatim, Beihua Dong, Yann Aquino, Masato Ogishi, Remi Pescarmona, Estelle Talouarn, Darawan Rinchai, Peng Zhang, Magali Perret, Zhiyong Liu, Iolanda Jordan, Sefika Elmas Bozdemir, Gulsum Iclal Bayhan, Camille Beaufils, Lucy Bizien, Aurelie Bisiaux, Weite Lei, Milena Hasan, Jie Chen, Christina Gaughan, Abhishek Asthana, Valentina Libri, Joseph M. Luna, Fabrice Jaffre, H. -Heinrich Hoffmann, Eleftherios Michailidis, Marion Moreews, Yoann Seeleuthner, Kaya Bilguvar, Shrikant Mane, Carlos Flores, Yu Zhang, Andres A. Arias, Rasheed Bailey, Agatha Schlueter, Baptiste Milisavljevic, Benedetta Bigio, Tom Le Voyer, Marie Materna, Adrian Gervais, Marcela Moncada-Velez, Francesca Pala, Tomi Lazarov, Romain Levy, Anna-Lena Neehus, Jeremie Rosain, Jessica Peel, Yi-Hao Chan, Marie-Paule Morin, Rosa Maria Pino-Ramirez, Serkan Belkaya, Lazaro Lorenzo, Jordi Anton, Selket Delafontaine, Julie Toubiana, Fanny Bajolle, Victoria Furnado, Marta L. DeDiego, Nadhira Fidouh, Flore Rozenberg, Jordi Perez-Tur, Shuibing Chen, Todd Evans, Frederic Geissmann, Pierre Lebon, Susan R. Weiss, Damien Bonnet, Xavier Duval, Qiang Pan-Hammarstroem, Anna M. Planas, Isabelle Meyts, Filomeen Haerynck, Aurora Pujol, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Clifford L. Dalgard, Jacinta Bustamante, Anne Puel, Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis, Bertrand Boisson, Tom Maniatis, Qian Zhang, Paul Bastard, Luigi Notarangelo, Vivien Beziat, Rebeca Perez de Diego, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego, Helen C. Su, Richard P. Lifton, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Aurelie Cobat, Laia Alsina, Sevgi Keles, Elie Haddad, Laurent Abel, Alexandre Belot, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Charles M. Rice, Robert H. Silverman, Shen-Ying Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova