Journal
NANOMATERIALS
Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nano9070940
Keywords
ferromagnetic resonance; X-ray magnetic circular dichroism; scanning transmission X-ray microscopy
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Funding
- Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) [I-3050]
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [OL513/1-1]
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Using a time-resolved detection scheme in scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), we measured element resolved ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at microwave frequencies up to 10 GHz and a spatial resolution down to 20 nm at two different synchrotrons. We present different methods to separate the contribution of the background from the dynamic magnetic contrast based on the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) effect. The relative phase between the GHz microwave excitation and the X-ray pulses generated by the synchrotron, as well as the opening angle of the precession at FMR can be quantified. A detailed analysis for homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic excitations demonstrates that the dynamic contrast indeed behaves as the usual XMCD effect. The dynamic magnetic contrast in time-resolved STXM has the potential be a powerful tool to study the linear and nonlinear, magnetic excitations in magnetic micro- and nano-structures with unique spatial-temporal resolution in combination with element selectivity.
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