Review
Microbiology
Tong-Yun Wang, Ming-Xia Sun, Hong-Liang Zhang, Gang Wang, Guoqing Zhan, Zhi-Jun Tian, Xue-Hui Cai, Chenhe Su, Yan-Dong Tang
Summary: Innate immunity serves as the initial defense against viral infections, but viruses like PRRSV have evolved various strategies to evade it. PRRSV, a highly destructive virus in the global swine industry, utilizes multiple strategies to avoid porcine innate immune responses. Understanding the evasion mechanisms employed by PRRSV can aid in developing more effective methods to control and eliminate the virus.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Xiaoping Wu, Junyang Fang, Qiuping Huang, Xu Chen, Zhongyi Guo, Lingyujia Tian, Enmin Zhou, Jianxin Chen, Yang Mu, Taofeng Du
Summary: PRRS is a significant viral infectious disease in farmed pigs, causing considerable economic losses. The study shows that MVP plays a crucial role in PRRSV infection and may be a potential molecular target for drug development.
Article
Microbiology
Kexin Yan, Simeng Feng, Jiahao Cheng, Fan Zheng, Zhiqiang Li, Zhibang Deng, Xiaomin Yuan
Summary: In this study, it was demonstrated that IFITM3 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response against TGEV. IFITM3 inhibits TGEV replication by interfering with its binding to PK15 cells and preventing the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Mutations in IFITM3 were found to affect its antiviral activity against TGEV, with the M22A mutant losing some of its antiviral effect and the K24A mutant enhancing it. Furthermore, a synergistic effect between IFITM3 and CQ was observed, resulting in increased antiviral activity against TGEV.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Virology
Sen Jiang, Nengwen Xia, Jia Luo, Youwen Zhang, Qi Cao, Jiajia Zhang, Yuening Wang, Yuan Zhao, Wanglong Zheng, Nanhua Chen, Francois Meurens, Xiangdong Li, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: The cGAS-STING pathway exerts antiviral activity through both IFN-dependent and IFN-independent mechanisms. This study reveals that the IFN-independent antiviral function of STING is independent of autophagy. In addition, cell apoptosis is associated with STING-mediated antiviral activity. The involvement of TBK1 and IRF3 in other STING activities, such as apoptosis, is also demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marie-Christin Schilloks, Isabella-Maria Giese, Arne Hinrichs, Lucia Korbonits, Stefanie M. Hauck, Eckhard Wolf, Cornelia A. Deeg
Summary: This study investigated the effects of impaired GHR signaling on immune functions and immunometabolism in GHR-KO pigs. The results showed significant differences in the relative proportion of the CD4(+)CD8a(-) subpopulation and IFN-a levels between GHR-KO pigs and WT controls. However, no significant difference was found in the respiratory capacity and the capacity for polyclonal stimulation in PBMCs between the two groups. Proteome analysis revealed multiple significant protein abundance differences related to amino acid metabolism, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, insulin secretion signaling, and oxidative phosphorylation between GHR-KO pigs and WT pigs.
Article
Virology
Yanmei Wu, Xiaoxiao Song, Defeng Cui, Tao Zhang
Summary: The roles of IFIT3 and IFIT5 in inhibiting HP-PRRSV replication in porcine pulmonary MVECs were investigated, and the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on them were studied. It was found that IFIT3 and IFIT5 play an important role in inhibiting HP-PRRSV replication, and APS suppresses the multiplication of the virus by upregulating their expression.
Article
Fisheries
Zuyun Wei, Qiao Wen, Wanru Li, Xiaoqin Yuan, Qiuling Fu, Zhengwei Cui, Xinhua Chen
Summary: The study demonstrates that ATG12 in large yellow croaker plays a role in promoting the formation of autophagosome membrane and enhances antiviral immunity by inducing both autophagy and type I interferon response.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xiangjie Chen, Ying Xu, Wenhui Tu, Fan Huang, Yibo Zuo, Hong-Guang Zhang, Lincong Jin, Qian Feng, Tengfei Ren, Jiuyi He, Ying Miao, Yukang Yuan, Qian Zhao, Jiapeng Liu, Renxia Zhang, Li Zhu, Feng Qian, Chuanwu Zhu, Hui Zheng, Jun Wang
Summary: Midline-1 (MID1) is identified as a ubiquitin E3 ligase of IRF3, which downregulates IRF3 protein levels and restricts IFN-I production, thus limiting cellular antiviral response.
Article
Virology
Dongfang Wang, Hong Huo, Gebremeskel Mamu Werid, Yassein M. Ibrahim, Lijie Tang, Yue Wang, Hongyan Chen
Summary: The expression levels of TBK1 and IFN-beta were upregulated during DEV infection, and overexpression of TBK1 reduced DEV infection by inducing the expression of IFN-beta and ISGs. Furthermore, TBK1 regulation was influenced by the upstream molecules MAVS and GSK-3β.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pengtao Wang, Lu Xia, Xiuli Liang, Fangfang Han, Haojie Ren, Yixuan Zhang, Zhanyong Wei
Summary: The study analyzed the amino acid sequence of porcine interferon alpha (PoIFN-alpha) and designed mutant PoIFN-alpha-156s with high antiviral activity, which showed significant inhibition on VSV and PRV replication. The recombinant PoIFN-alpha-156s had a longer half-life and more effective antiviral action in mice, indicating its potential for veterinary clinical applications and fundamental research.
BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Malcolm Turk Hsern Tan, Mohamad Eshaghi Gorji, Jillinda Yi Ling Toh, Ah Young Park, Yan Li, Zhiyuan Gong, Dan Li
Summary: Fucoidan extracted from Fucus vesiculosus can inhibit the replication of human noroviruses in zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis showed that injection of fucoidan can enhance the host innate immune response, which may be one of the important mechanisms behind the anti-norovirus effect of fucoidan.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Oluwaseun D. Adeyemi, Yun Tian, Collins N. Khwatenge, Leon Grayfer, Yongming Sang
Summary: Comparing vertebrate genomes across different species has revealed the complexities of interferon systems in amphibians. Recent genomic studies have shown that amphibians have evolved expanded repertoires of different types of intron-containing interferon genes, similar to fish and amniotes. These findings provide insights into the evolution of vertebrate immune systems and may have implications for combating amphibian declines.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Daniel D. T. Andrews, Marli Vlok, Dorssa Akbari Bani, Brenna N. Hay, Yasir Mohamud, Leonard J. Foster, Honglin Luo, Christopher M. Overall, Eric Jan
Summary: Host antiviral factors use the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor pathway to sense virus infection and trigger the production of interferons, which establish an antiviral state. The chaperone protein 14-3-3 & epsilon; plays a key role in this pathway by facilitating the delivery of the viral sensor protein RIG-I to the mitochondria. However, the enteroviral 3C protease cleaves 14-3-3 & epsilon; during infection, disrupting its function and promoting virus infection. This study reveals a novel viral strategy that evades the host antiviral response.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yaoxing Wu, Shouheng Jin, Qingxiang Liu, Yu Zhang, Ling Ma, Zhiyao Zhao, Shuai Yang, Yi-Ping Li, Jun Cui
Summary: IRF3, a critical transcription factor in antiviral innate immune signaling, is regulated by CALCOCO2 and PSMD14. CALCOCO2 promotes autophagic degradation of IRF3, while PSMD14 prevents such degradation, maintaining IRF3 activity and fine-tuning immune response against viral infection.
Review
Virology
Yuejiao Liao, Shouqing Guo, Geng Liu, Zhenyu Qiu, Jiamin Wang, Di Yang, Xiaojing Tian, Ziling Qiao, Zhongren Ma, Zhenbin Liu
Summary: Host non-coding RNAs play an important regulatory role in the replication of influenza A virus (IAV). They directly target key proteins of IAV and indirectly participate in the regulation of multiple signal pathways. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the function and mechanism of host non-coding RNAs in the cellular anti-virus response, and offer clues to the mechanism of cell-virus interactions and the discovery of antiviral drug targets.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yun Tian, Jordan Jennings, Yuanying Gong, Yongming Sang
Review
Virology
LeAnn Lopez, Peter C. Sang, Yun Tian, Yongming Sang
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Eric R. Sang, Yun Tian, Laura C. Miller, Yongming Sang
Summary: The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the substantial differences in susceptibility and disease progression in individuals of different ages, genders, and pre-existing comorbidities. Host factors undergo epigenetic regulation, with key genes like ACE2 and IL-6 showing active epigenetic evolution that may serve as biomarkers for predicting COVID-19 susceptibility. The epigenetic properties of ACE2 and IL-6 genes suggest their unconventional responses to inflammatory and interferon signaling, potentially explaining the disparities in COVID-19 outcomes among different subgroups.
Review
Immunology
Kendall McCoy, Autumn Peterson, Yun Tian, Yongming Sang
Article
Virology
Yun Tian, Francisco De Jesus Andino, Collins N. Khwatenge, Jiuyi Li, Jacques Robert, Yongming Sang
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive genome-wide viral transcriptome profiling during FV3 infection across multiple amphibian host tissues. The findings suggest that Ranaviruses like FV3 have acquired previously unknown molecular mimics, interfering with host interferon signaling during evolution. Extensive analysis validated the expression of almost all of the 98 annotated ORFs and profiled their differential expression in a tissue-, virus-, and temporal class-dependent manner.
Article
Microbiology
Damarius S. Fleming, Laura C. Miller, Yun Tian, Yonghai Li, Wenjun Ma, Yongming Sang
