Article
Materials Science, Composites
Muhammet Erdol, Alp Er S. Konukman, Ahmet Sinan Oktem
Summary: Experimental studies have shown that adding graphene to epoxy enhances its mechanical and electrical properties. This study examines the effects of different types of defective graphene on the Young's modulus of the resulting nano-composite materials. Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to predict the mechanical properties, and a heuristic protocol is used to ensure accurate bond structures. The study reveals that while adding graphene improves Young's modulus, the effect diminishes when the graphene has defects. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the reinforcement mechanisms in graphene-epoxy composites.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Milad Hatam-Lee, Hossein Peer-Mohammadi, Ali Rajabpour
Summary: The study used molecular dynamics simulations to predict the mechanical properties of black phosphorene under different loading conditions and found that linear defects significantly affect its Young's modulus. These results could potentially be applied to predict the mechanical properties of 2D black phosphorene in various fields.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Y. T. Singh, P. K. Patra, Nguyen N. Hieu, D. P. Rai
Summary: In this study, the electronic and mechanical properties of Boron (B) doped (6,1) SWCNT in zigzag and armchair pattern were investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and ab initio Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The DFT calculations revealed the dependence of the SWCNT's electronic properties on the doping pattern and concentration. Additionally, the mechanical response of the SWCNT tube varied significantly with different dopant concentrations and doping patterns.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Y. T. Singh, P. K. Patra, K. O. Obodo, Dibya Prakash Rai
Summary: Through density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigated the electronic and mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with different diameters. Our results show that as the bond length increases, the energy bandgap decreases, with the lowest formation energy obtained at a specific bond length. Moreover, by calculating Young's modulus, we found that a specific bond length exhibited the highest value.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mostafa Fathalian, Eligiusz Postek, Tomasz Sadowski
Summary: A density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to investigate the effect of vacancies on Al(111)/6H SiC composites. The DFT simulations with appropriate interface models are a valid alternative to experimental methods. C and Si vacancies reduce interfacial adhesion, while Al vacancies have little effect. The tensile properties can be improved by the presence of a vacancy, especially on the SiC side. The fracture toughness of Al/SiC is calculated using first principle calculations, and the density of states (DOS) is also calculated to understand the electronic properties. Rating: 8/10.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Y. T. Singh, P. K. Patra, K. O. Obodo, M. Musa Saad H.E, D. P. Rai
Summary: In this paper, the electronic and mechanical properties of Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes were studied using first principles calculations. It was found that the doping pattern and concentration have significant effects on the electronic and mechanical properties of the nanotubes.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yonghuan Zhao, Yang Meng, Feichao Zhu, Juanjuan Su, Jian Han
Summary: The functionalization and reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using polydopamine (PDA) allows for the uniform dispersion and strong interfacial bonding of modified graphene nanosheets in nylon 6 (PA6). The resulting reinforced PA6 composite fibers exhibited improved mechanical properties, crystallinity, and thermal stability compared to pure nylon 6 fibers.
Article
Polymer Science
Takafumi Aizawa
Summary: The Carbon dioxide (CO2)-assisted polymer compression method is used to plasticize and crimp polymer fibers. The degree of plasticization is crucial for this method. In this study, heat treatment was applied to obtain fibers with different degrees of crystallinity. The compression degree and hardness were compared using two types of sheets. The Young's modulus of porous polymers in the presence of CO2 varies significantly with slight differences in crystallinity, highlighting the importance of low crystallinity for polymer plasticization by CO2.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aile Tamm, Tauno Kahro, Helle-Mai Piirsoo, Taivo Jogiaas
Summary: Nanoindentation was used to measure the mechanical properties of polycrystalline graphene in a nanostructure containing metal oxide and graphene. By applying atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to deposit a very thin film of alumina (Al2O3), the elasticity of graphene was improved without decreasing its quality.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ata Yarahmadi, Mohammad Hashemian, Davood Toghraie, Reza Abedinzadeh, S. Ali Eftekhari
Summary: In this study, the mechanical properties of epoxy, including different structures and ratios of graphene oxide nanosheets, are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that increasing the length and ratio of nanosheets can enhance the maximum stress, ultimate strength, and Young's modulus of the atomic structures.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Kodjovi Kekeli Agbozouhoue, Demagna Koffi, Fouad Erchiqui, Simon Barnabe
Summary: The usage and demand of wood plastic composite (WPC) have increased due to its unique chemical and mechanical properties compared to other plastic materials. However, exposure to the external environment can cause structural and mechanical changes to the material. More research is needed, especially when the fiber content is low. In this study, composite materials composed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with yellow birch fibers were made and treated with dissolved zinc oxide (ZnO) powder in sodium oxide (NaOH) solution. The material was exposed to fungal rot, and the mechanical properties were assessed. The results showed that ZnO treatment prevented fungal growth but resulted in decreased mechanical properties.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sergei Vlassov, Dmitry Bocharov, Boris Polyakov, Mikk Vahtrus, Andris Sutka, Sven Oras, Veronika Zadin, Andreas Kyritsakis
Summary: In this critical review, we address the issue of the vast disagreement in reported elastic moduli values for nanostructures made of the same material. As a case study, we focus on ZnO nanowires, which have been extensively studied due to their remarkable physical properties and potential applications. Despite considering the same growth direction and crystal structure, there is a significant variation in reported Young's modulus values, ranging from 20 to 800 GPa. This work provides a critical overview and thorough analysis of existing experimental and theoretical studies in order to identify the most significant sources of errors and reliable results.
NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. K. Yadav, N. Padma, Gurupada Ghorai, Pratap K. Sahoo, Rekha Rao, Seemita Banarjee, A. K. Rajarajan, Pradip Kumar, S. N. Jha, D. Bhattacharyya
Summary: In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) assisted two-dimensional graphitic ZnO (gZnO) was prepared and characterized using various techniques, confirming the formation of gZnO/rGO sandwiched layers. The relaxed structures of bilayers of gZnO sandwiched between rGO layers were found to have better stability and electronic structure, as supported by XANES and EXAFS measurements.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Dinh-Quan Doan, Te-Hua Fang, Tao-Hsing Chen, Thi-Xuyen Bui
Summary: The study found that there is a critical value of mechanical parameters for samples with an inclusion size of 15 angstrom under tension, and increasing void size and decreasing strain rate lead to a decrease in mechanical parameters. Deformation behavior is influenced by voids and inclusions, with shear bands propagating at a 45-degree angle.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mingrui Du, Boyang Zhang, Pengbo Li, Peng Zhao, Haijian Su, Xueming Du
Summary: This study investigates the shear reinforcing effect of graphene oxide (GO) on cement and measures the nanoscale Young's modulus (E) of GO-enhanced cement to clarify the enhancing mechanism. The results show that the addition of GO can significantly improve the shear strength of cement due to its enhancing effects on cohesion, nanoscale Young's modulus of hydration products, and hydration degree, resulting in a denser microstructure and higher hydration level.
REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Azam Salmankhani, Zohre Karami, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Maryam Zarghami Dehaghani, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Vanessa Fierro, Alain Celzard
Summary: The article investigates the mechanical properties of BC3NTs using molecular dynamics simulation, focusing on the effects of chirality, wall number, diameter, and temperature, as well as different types of defects. The results show that the mechanical properties of BC3NTs are limited by diameter and temperature, and adding additional walls can significantly improve their mechanical properties.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Babak Bagheri, Maryam Zarghami Dehaghani, Zohre Karami, Azam Salmankhani, Yasser Rostamiyan, Payam Zarrintaj, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Mohammad Reza Saeb
Summary: The fracture mechanism and mechanical properties of gamma-graphyne-like boron nitride nanosheets were studied using Molecular Dynamic Simulation at different temperatures. The stress distribution varied in different directions, with crack length having a significant impact on Young's modulus.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Maryam Zarghami Dehaghani, Babak Bagheri, Farrokh Yousefi, Abbasali Nasiriasayesh, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Payam Zarrintaj, Navid Rabiee, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Vanessa Fierro, Alain Celzard, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Ebrahim Mostafavi
Summary: Nanotube-based drug delivery systems are highly promising for drug encapsulation due to their strong penetration capability and large internal volume. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that cationic antimicrobial peptide cRW3 was encapsulated in biocompatible boron nitride nanotube through van der Waals interaction, with a decrease in vdW interaction strength over time. This study provides valuable insights into the encapsulation behavior of drugs in nanotubes and their potential applications in drug delivery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zohre Karami, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Sajjad Habibzadeh, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, El Mehdi Ghardi, Abdellatif Hasnaoui, Vahid Vatanpour, Gaurav Sharma, Amin Esmaeili, Florian J. Stadler, Mohammad Reza Saeb
Summary: This study compared the adsorption of SO2 molecules on different structures through first-principle calculations, and found that Ni-decorated graphene showed superior chemisorption for SO2 molecules.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Farhad Keivanimehr, Sajjad Habibzadeh, Alireza Baghban, Amin Esmaeili, Ahmad Mohaddespour, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Vanessa Fierro, Alain Celzard
Summary: This study investigates the synergistic electrocatalytic activity of MoS2/CNT heterostructure for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction through Density Functional Theory simulations. The results show a weak interaction between MoS2 and CNT, and a lower energy barrier in the MoS2/CNT heterostructure compared to MoS2 monolayer, suggesting an improvement in the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of MoS2.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ali Dadrasi, Sasan Fooladpanjeh, Alireza Albooyeh, Azam Salmankhani, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Mohammad Reza Saeb
Summary: The study found that the mechanical properties of monocrystalline BC3 nanosheets decreased with increasing temperature or crack length, with higher properties achieved in the armchair direction. Stress intensity followed a similar trend with temperature but increased with crack length. For polycrystalline BC3 nanosheets, their properties were lower than the corresponding monocrystalline BC3 nanosheets at 300K.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Azam Salmankhani, Seyed Soroush Mousavi Khadem, Farzad Seidi, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Payam Zarrintaj, Sajjad Habibzadeh, Ahmad Mohaddespour, Navid Rabiee, Eder C. Lima, Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr, Rajender S. Varma, Mohammad Reza Saeb
Summary: This review paper summarizes the latest findings on the use of 2D zeolite adsorbents and discusses their characteristics and applications. By studying three molecular simulation techniques, a better understanding of zeolite adsorption properties can be achieved.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Maryann Zarghami Dehaghani, Farrokh Yousefi, Babak Bagheri, Farzad Seid, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Navid Rabiee, Payam Zarrintaj, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Yeu-Chun Kim
Summary: The study analyzed the encapsulation process of antimicrobial peptide HA-FD-13 into boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) using molecular dynamics simulation. Results showed that self-adjustment of the peptide was necessary for complete insertion into the nanotube, and the release process was affected by the interaction between the BNNT after insertion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Sasan Fooladpanjeh, Ali Dadrasi, Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh, Vali Parvaneh
Summary: The study investigates the enhancement of mechanical properties of nanocomposites through experiments and modeling methods, focusing on ternary hybrid composites of graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite/epoxy resin. Results demonstrate that incorporating different graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite significantly improves the mechanical properties of the material, resulting in enhancements in Young's modulus, yield strength, and impact strength.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Maryam Zarghami Dehaghani, Farrokh Yousefi, Farzad Seidi, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Navid Rabiee, Sajjad Habibzadeh, Amin Esmaeili, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Christos Spitas, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Mohammad Reza Saeb
Summary: This study discusses the encapsulation dynamics of an antimicrobial peptide in CNTs and HCNTs. The results show that the van der Waals interaction energy and free energy of the peptide complexes with CNTs and HCNTs are negative, indicating spontaneous encapsulation. HCNTs exhibit a more stable encapsulation, possibly due to the presence of electrostatic and van der Waals interactions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Dadrasi, M. Shariati, Gh A. Farzi, S. Fooladpanjeh
Summary: The experimental study investigated the quasi-static collapse of thin-walled frusta of silica/epoxy nano-composites, finding that adding silica nano-particles increased impact strength and Young's modulus but decreased crashworthiness. The PSO/MNLR approach had better prediction accuracy for parameters compared to other models. Fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ali Dadrasi, Alireza Albooyeh, Sasan Fooladpanjeh, Azam Salmankhani, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Mohammad Reza Saeb
Summary: In this study, the mechanical and fracture behavior of mono- and polycrystalline BC3 nanosheets were investigated, showing that the number of grain boundaries and crack defects can significantly affect their mechanical properties.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Maryam Jouyandeh, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Mehdi Mehrpooya, Otman Abida, Karam Jabbour, Navid Rabiee, Sajjad Habibzadeh, Amin Hamed Mashahdzadeh, Alberto Garcia-Penas, Florian J. Stadler, Mohammad Reza Saeb
Summary: In this study, samarium-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and uniformly dispersed in epoxy resin to enhance the curability of the epoxy/amine system. The results showed that the presence of samarium in the Fe3O4 crystal structure catalyzed the cross-linking reaction between epoxy and amine, leading to improved curing of the epoxy system.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hanieh Shokrani, Amirhossein Shokrani, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Farzad Seidi, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Tejraj Aminabhavi, Thomas J. Webster
Summary: This review article summarizes various natural and synthetic scaffolds that support angiogenesis, as well as cell sources and influential factors for angiogenesis with a focus on biomechanical and other stimulatory factors. The article points out that the selection of the best biomaterial and cells remains a contentious area, and highlights parameters that need to be addressed in future studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yaser Rostamiyan, Navid Shahab, Christos Spitas, Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh
Summary: Molecular dynamic simulation was used to analyze the mechanical properties of beryllium-oxide nanotubes. The study revealed the influence of different factors on the Young's modulus and failure properties of the nanotubes.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ping Zhang, Xiujie Yue, Yeran Gao, Zhenyong Lin, Shunxiang Wang, Songting Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the strengthening mechanism of highspeed cutting and solid particle-entrained waterjet peening (HSC-WJP) composite reinforcement on 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. The research results show that composite reinforcement can improve surface quality, reduce surface pits and roughness, and decrease the size of precipitation-free zone (PFZ) at grain boundaries.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sangyoon Lee, Hwi Yoon, Sanghun Lee, Seung-min Chung, Hyungjun Kim
Summary: The wettability of metal oxides, particularly HfO2 thin films deposited via atomic layer deposition, and its correlation with surface free energy have been studied. It was found that surface oxygen species significantly affect the intrinsic hydrophilicity of HfO2 thin films, and the crystalline orientations also evolve with film thickness.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Changdong Yin, Yiwen Wu, Zhou Xu, Dongdong Ye, Jun Yao, Jianjun Chen, Qiang Liu, Xin Ge, Meiling Ding
Summary: This study proposed a new strategy to indirectly estimate the hydrogen diffusivity of metallic materials under tensile stress by combining the electrochemical hydrogen permeation test (EHPT), the hydrogen diffusion descriptive equation based on Fick's law, and hydrogen pre-charged tensile test. The results showed that the hydrogen permeation curve obtained was highly approximate to the theoretical trend. The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of the specimens increased with increasing stress.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Huan Luo, Wei-yi Wang, Xin Yu, Xian-jun Lei, Lang Liu, Guo-zheng Zha, Wen-long Jiang, Bin Yang, Bao-qiang Xu
Summary: Separating selenium and tellurium is a general challenge in material and non-ferrous metallurgical industries. This paper proposes a novel method that achieved efficient separation of selenium and tellurium using gas-liquid equilibrium phase diagram and valence regulation-vacuum gasification technique.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fan Zhang, Rong Xin Wang, Aiqin Tian, Fangzhi Li, Jianping Liu, Hui Yang
Summary: Deposition of Pd/Pt/Au three-layer films on p-GaN under high and ultra-high vacuum conditions was studied to investigate the electrical contact properties. Linear I-V curves were observed in samples deposited under ultra-high vacuum conditions, while nonlinear I-V characteristics were obtained in samples deposited under high vacuum conditions. The study also found that the samples deposited under high vacuum conditions had higher amounts of oxygen and Pd oxide. The oxide layer had an additional influence on the electrical characteristics of the Pd/Pt/Au/p-GaN contact.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hongli Liu, Chengzhe Liu, Ying Sui, Zhongxian Liu, Tiangang Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Shuang Sun, Jianwei Jia
Summary: This study utilized polysiloxane and hafnium carbide to produce Si-N-C-O-Hf hybridized ceramic fibers, and obtained ceramic fibers with hemispherical particles on the surface through electrostatic spinning and pyrolysis. The ceramic fibers exhibited excellent thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and high temperature insulation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Abaker, Nazar Elamin Ahmed, A. Saad, H. F. Khalil, E. M. M. Ibrahim, A. M. Adam
Summary: This paper systematically studied the internal structure and thermoelectric properties of In1-xGaxSb alloys prepared by melting synthesis at 1123 K. The results showed that doping with Ga in the In sites led to a significant increase in the Seebeck coefficient and power factor, while reducing the thermal conductivity. The maximum dimensionless figure of merit was observed at 403 K.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fucheng Yu, Jinlong Ren, Jielin Zhang, Haiyang Chen, Xin Tian, Chenchen Feng, Cuixia Li, Jianbin Zhang, Xianxi Tang, Xiaogang Hou
Summary: An environmentally friendly ZnO@BiVO4 composite photocatalyst was prepared using in-situ self-assembly and solvothermal methods, demonstrating good photocatalytic performance. The mass ratio of BiVO4 and NCZ was found to influence the photocatalytic performance of the composite.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yaoming Shao, Pingping Zheng, Tianhao Dong, Lianghuan Wei, Haifei Wu, Jianxiao Si
Summary: In this paper, Mg3Bi2 films were prepared on glass substrate using magnetron sputtering, and the phase composition and thermoelectric properties of the films were investigated with different atomic ratios. The films displayed a metastable cubic phase and high conductivity when the atomic ratio exceeded stoichiometry.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
I. V. Uimanov, D. L. Shmelev, S. A. Barengolts
Summary: A two-dimensional axisymmetric model has been developed to study the prebreakdown processes in a cathode microprotrusion under an external electric field. The simulation results show that electrohydrodynamic instability leads to the formation of a nanometer-sized conical protrusion on the microprotrusion tip, significantly accelerating the heating process.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weilun Zhang, Di Yang, Feng Gong, Yongjun Chen, Tian Chen, Zhiwen Xie, Sirui Yang
Summary: A novel Pt doping method was designed to improve the thermal stability of CrWN coating. The doping of Pt atoms effectively blocks the coherent growth of the grains and creates a significant mixing effect, resulting in a smooth surface with uniform element distribution.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoye Wang, Xiaoguang Yang, Wenna Du, Tao Yang
Summary: In this study, the effects of multiple growth parameters on self-catalyzed growth of InAs/GaSb axial heterostructured nanowires on Si substrate by MOCVD were investigated. It was found that the growth temperature and switching time have significant influences on the nanowire growth.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weizhong Cui, Yan Zhao, Can Cui, Xing Liu, Beili Pang, Jianguang Feng, Hongzhou Dong, Liyan Yu, Lifeng Dong
Summary: This study introduces Co2+ cations into Cs2AgBiBr6 film to improve its quality, grain size, and conductivity, resulting in enhanced solar cell efficiency.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Wang, Ke Yang, Xianming Cheng, Yalin Lu, Ganghui Wu, Yang Zhang, Yun Kan
Summary: The corrosion behavior and microstructural evolution of Sc microalloyed Al-3.2Cu-1.5Li alloys were investigated in detail. The microstructural results showed higher levels of dislocations density in the Sc microalloyed sample, which resulted in significantly refined grains and T1 precipitates. Microalloying with Sc changed the corrosion mode of the alloy and localized corrosion was found to occur preferentially at the subgrain within unrecrystallized grains with high grain stored energy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weifeng Liu, Na Liu, Kaiqiang Song, Meiqin Zeng, Zhongchen Lu
Summary: Monoclinic WO3 prepared through plasma milling exhibits higher photocatalytic activity due to its higher surface area, increased oxygen vacancies, and defects.
