Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Parin Izadi, Pooja Sinha, Mehran Andalib, Caroline Samberger, Geno Lehman, Katerina Messologitis, Joseph Jacangelo
Summary: In recent years, wastewater treatment plants have been challenged to adopt innovative processes due to nutrient management and stringent regulatory limits. The Partial Denitrification Anammox (PDNA) process has successfully transitioned from pilot scale to full-scale within a short period of time, offering a sustainable solution with significant savings in carbon, energy, and footprint. This review examines the recent advances in the PD process and its coupling to the anammox process, analyzing the fundamental mechanisms and operational strategies responsible for stable PDNA process. It also highlights the importance of controlling nitrate to nitrite conversion and the neglected significance of operational factors such as bacterial ecology shift, C/N ratio, SRT decoupling, and feast-famine conditions in achieving stable PDNA process.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Siyuan Gong, Yujie Qin, Shaohong Zheng, Tiansheng Lu, Xiangjing Yang, Ming Zeng, Hongen Zhou, Jiannv Chen, Weichan Huang
Summary: This study aimed to start up the CANON process after adding PN sludge to the ANAMMOX reactor for rapid start-up and stable operation. PN sludge was successfully cultivated in less than 45 days with a nitrite accumulation rate of around 90%. The ANAMMOX reactor enriched red granular sludge within 70 days, achieving a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 1.74 kg/(m(3).d). Eventually, the CANON reactor was started up successfully, achieving high ammonium and total nitrogen removal efficiency.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Yujie Chen, Guangze Guo, Yu -You Li
Summary: This review introduces the application of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process in nitrogen removal and summarizes methods to improve nitrogen removal rate. Recently developed integrated systems aim to enhance nitrogen removal rate and efficiency, providing new insights for achieving efficient nitrogen removal.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Julio S. Lora-Millan, Juan C. Moreno, E. Rocon
Summary: This review analyzes the current state of control strategies for coordinating the assistance provided by partial exoskeletons with the actual gait of the wearers. The different approaches and experimental validations are analyzed and summarized, and the current state of the art and necessary future steps in the field are discussed.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Kiprotich Kosgey, Phumza Vuyokazi Zungu, Sheena Kumari, Faizal Bux
Summary: This paper critically reviews the process control strategies applied in ANAMMOX-mediated systems and analyzes their impact on system performance. The study finds that the inclusion of supervisory layers in control structures enhances performance and conductivity-, pH-, and ORP-based controllers can prevent alkalinity depletion.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Fumin Zuo, Wenhui Yue, Shuanglin Gui, Qianwen Sui, Yuansong Wei
Summary: This review article discusses the key issues and bottlenecks in the implementation of mainstream anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), including startup, stable NO2--N supply, maintenance and dominance of AnAOB with high activity, prevention of NO3--N buildup, reduction of sludge loss, adaptation to seasonal temperature variations, and alleviation of COD impacts on AnAOB. In order to improve the startup, stable operation, and resilience of mainstream anammox, a combined biological nitrogen removal (CBNR) system based on conventional denitrification, shortcut nitrification-denitrification, partial nitritation, and partial denitrification combined with anammox (PANDA) process is proposed to adapt to the variations of seasonal temperature and pollutants in the influent.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rahil Fofana, Michael Parsons, Chenghua Long, Kartik Chandran, Kimberly Jones, Stephanie Klaus, Bob Trovato, Chris Wilson, Haydee De Clippeleir, Charles Bott
Summary: This study demonstrates the successful long-term operation of a full-scale mainstream anammox application under temperate climate. The implementation of partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) achieved efficient nitrogen removal without nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) out-selection. PdNA implementation resulted in significant savings and capacity enhancement.
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Lan Lin, Yanlong Zhang, Yu-You Li
Summary: This study reviews strategies for promoting the formation of anammox granules and the start-up of the anammox process. It introduces the formation mechanism of anammox granules, the operational performance of various strategies, and their promotion mechanisms. It provides guidance and reference for the cultivation of granular-anammox sludge, the start-up of the anammox process, and its practical application.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Yang-Fan Deng, Fei-xiang Zan, Hao Huang, Di Wu, Wen-tao Tang, Guang-Hao Chen
Summary: This review systematically summarizes and discusses the sulfur-based denitrification with anammox (SDA) process, including its biochemistry, biokinetic reactions, reactor performance, and application. The dominant functional bacteria and microbial interactions in the SDA process are also discussed. The paper provides an in-depth insight into the coupling mechanism of SDA and its potential application in biological nitrogen removal.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ana L. Reis, Marta A. R. Lopes, A. Andrade-Campos, Carlos Henggeler Antunes
Summary: Water supply systems rely on water storage tanks and pumping systems to deliver water to consumers, and they face challenges such as increasing water demand, aging infrastructure, and rising energy prices. The energy transition offers opportunities for water utilities to reduce energy and costs by participating in demand response mechanisms, adopting energy efficiency measures, and utilizing renewable energy sources. However, there is a lack of a systematic review of operational control strategies in the literature. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing existing literature and providing a comprehensive review and systematization of control strategies for efficient water supply systems.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Peng Wu, Junjiang Chen, Vijay Kumar Garlapati, Xingxing Zhang, Francis Wani Victor Jenario, Xiang Li, Wenru Liu, Chongjun Chen, Tejraj M. Aminabhavi, Xiaonong Zhang
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive review of the anammox process, the advancements in nitritation and denitratation processes, and proposes a novel wastewater treatment method for efficient nitrogen removal.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Khalid Muzamil Gani, Oluyemi Olatunji Awolusi, Abid Ali Khan, Sheena Kumari, Faizal Bux
Summary: This review discusses the potential of integrating anammox process with anaerobic treatment technologies for carbon and nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. It also highlights the challenges and solutions for anammox application in low-temperature municipal wastewater treatment, including nitrate production, organic carbon impact, low temperature effects, and nitrite competition. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of addressing micro pollutant removal and complex interactions of anammox with anaerobic effluent for successful mainstream application.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Deepti Negi, Shelly Verma, Swati Singh, Achlesh Daverey, Jih-Gaw Lin
Summary: Constructed wetland is a sustainable eco-technology for remediation of contaminants, but its nitrogen removal efficiency is unsatisfactory. Anammox, an eco-friendly technology, can be integrated into constructed wetlands to overcome the shortcomings.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Amit Kumar, Arti Thanki, Hirendrasinh Padhiyar, Nitin Kumar Singh, Siddhartha Pandey, Manish Yadav, Zhi-Guo Yu
Summary: Greenhouse gases emission from wastewater treatment systems is a significant concern for sustainable development. Various modeling, design, and operational tools have been introduced to mitigate these emissions. The study critically reviews potential operational control strategies for reducing GHGs emitted during operational stages of biological WWTS.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Radhika Deore, Rakesh Kumar, Mohammad Waqqas Mirza, Abid Ali Khan
Summary: The study investigated the suitability of three different sludge collected from diverse environments for anammox process establishment. The microbial community in the seed sludge was studied, and it was found that anammox bacteria were present only in the seed sludge treating high NH4+-N wastewater. The abundance of anammox and denitrifying bacteria in the seed sludge was influenced by the influent NH4+-N, NO3--N, and organic carbon concentrations, which in turn impacted the anammox start-up.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Garima Thakur, Saxena Nikita, Anamika Tiwari, Anurag S. Rathore
Summary: Surge tanks are critical components in continuous bioprocessing, providing benefits such as dampening concentration gradients and enabling process resumption efforts. The proposed control system for surge tanks successfully demonstrated robust control of the continuous train, effectively managing product variability and process errors.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Saxena Nikita, Anamika Tiwari, Deepak Sonawat, Hariprasad Kodamana, Anurag S. Rathore
Summary: This study introduces a novel approach based on reinforcement learning to separate charge variants in biopharmaceutical industry by optimizing flow rate, achieving good results in experimental validation. Compared to traditional trial and error methods, this approach shows higher efficiency in both optimization and computational aspects.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Abdul Qyyum, Faisal Ahmed, Alam Nawaz, Tianbiao He, Moonyong Lee
Summary: This study explores the advanced process configuration modification and optimization of a dual mixed refrigerant (DMR) process for natural gas liquefaction, achieving a significant reduction in energy consumption and improvement in thermodynamic performance through the unique teaching-learning self-study optimization (TLSO) approach. The proposed cryogenic turbine-retrofitted DMR process showed higher exergy efficiency, coefficient of performance, and figure of merit compared to the conventional DMR process, providing potential performance enhancement opportunities. This research contributes valuable insights for process engineers in addressing energy efficiency challenges in both onshore and offshore LNG plants.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alam Nawaz, Amarpreet Singh Arora, Dahee Yun, Choa Mun Yun, Moonyong Lee
Summary: The study introduces an innovative scheduling model based on mixed-integer nonlinear programming to optimize essential processing time, resulting in energy savings, cost reduction, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The model contributes to the development of the ProActive scheduling system, providing optimal operating conditions for reducing wastewater processing costs in line with sustainable development goals.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Biology
Anurag S. Rathore, Somesh Mishra, Saxena Nikita, Priyanka Priyanka
Summary: Bioprocess control involves unique challenges such as non-linearity, variability, and complexity, requiring the use of modern control strategies. In addition to automation, control also includes aspects such as system architecture, software applications, hardware, and interfaces, all of which need to be optimized according to actual needs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Muhammad Abdul Qyyum, Amjad Riaz, Ahmad Naquash, Junaid Haider, Kinza Qadeer, Alam Nawaz, Hyunhee Lee, Moonyong Lee
Summary: In summary, a simple, energy-efficient, and cost-effective process for H-2 liquefaction is proposed in this study. By utilizing three refrigeration cycles with optimal mixed-refrigerant compositions and a two-stage ortho-to-para conversion, the proposed process consumes less energy compared to the base design and a published base case.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Alam Nawaz, Nikita Saxena, Amarpreet Singh Arora, Choa Mun Yun, Moonyong Lee
Summary: This article introduces a method to optimize the parameter estimation of the ANAMMOX process by performing sensitivity analysis and parameter auto-tuning, successfully reducing the number of parameters by 32%. The model is coded in MATLAB using Extended ASM1 process equations and ODE45 solver tools, with the results validated through the root mean square error method to minimize the gap between actual and predicted data.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Anurag S. Rathore, Andrew L. Zydney, Anupa Anupa, Saxena Nikita, Neelesh Gangwar
Summary: Continuous processing is widely acknowledged in the biopharmaceutical industry for its higher productivity and greater consistency in product quality compared to batch manufacturing. Technology enablers play a crucial role in the transition from batch to continuous processing, including new bioreactors, cell retention devices, continuous flow refolding, continuous chromatography, and single-pass filtration systems.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Saxena Nikita, Garima Thakur, Naveen G. Jesubalan, Amey Kulkarni, Vinesh B. Yezhuvath, Anurag S. Rathore
Summary: This paper explores the application of machine learning techniques for real-time prediction and process control of product quality in continuous manufacturing of biotherapeutics. By collecting and pre-processing data from sensors, tree-based regression techniques, particularly random forest models, achieve good performance in predicting critical process attributes.
COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nishu Goyal, Alam Nawaz, Kuldeep Singh Chandel, Devraja Devnarayan, Lalit Gupta, Siddharth Singh, Mohd Shariq Khan, Moonyong Lee, Amit Kumar Sharma
Summary: This review paper discusses the importance of carbon nanotubes in water and wastewater treatment, highlighting their unique material properties and advantages. It also emphasizes the need for a careful assessment of benefits versus risks in large-scale water treatment and the importance of ensuring environmental and human health safety.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Alam Nawaz, Amarpreet Singh Arora, Wahid Ali, Nikita Saxena, Mohd Shariq Khan, Choa Mun Yun, Moonyong Lee
Summary: This article develops an intelligent human-machine interface for online monitoring and optimal operation of eco-efficient anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) technology. By integrating optimized functionality data driven by supervisory control, it enhances energy efficiency and achieves sustainable operation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Anurag S. Rathore, Saxena Nikita, Garima Thakur, Somesh Mishra
Summary: Artificial intelligence and machine learning have vast potential in optimizing the design, monitoring, and control of biopharmaceutical manufacturing. The driving forces for adopting these techniques include the increasing global demand for biotherapeutics and the rise of Industry 4.0, which require intelligent, automated supervision. This review summarizes the applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, focusing on commonly used algorithms such as multivariate data analysis, artificial neural networks, and reinforcement learning. Perspectives on the future growth of these applications and the challenges in implementing them at manufacturing scale are also discussed.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ahtesham Bakht, Alam Nawaz, Moonyong Lee, Hyunsoo Lee
Summary: A new deep learning framework is proposed for wastewater ingredient analysis and control. The framework utilizes preprocessed data from a deep neural network module and processes past data of the target variable using a recurrent neural network. It enables time-series analytics and outperforms other methods in terms of root mean square error and correlation coefficient in comparison tests.
COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Azizol Azmi, Kasypi Mokhtar, Noor Apandi Osnin, Suzanna Razali Chan, Gadah Albasher, Atif Ali, Alam Nawaz, Olakunle Oloruntobi, Lai Fatt Chuah
Summary: Coastal ecosystems play a crucial role in mitigating the impact of climate change, but they are increasingly vulnerable due to human activities and maritime accidents. This study highlights the importance of providing safety instructions for passengers to improve safety behavior among ferry workers. These instructions should include climate-related information and expand the concept of safe behavior to address climate-related incidents.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
