Article
Thermodynamics
Manida Tongroon, Sathaporn Chuepeng
Summary: This study compared the emissions and heat release patterns of a premixed diesel engine using gasoline and ethanol as supplementary fuels. The results showed that gasoline premixture had higher thermal efficiency, while ethanol premixture had lower thermal efficiency. Increasing the ratio of supplementary fuel delayed the combustion phasing and reduced the quantities of nitrogen oxides, smoke, and total unburned hydrocarbon, but increased carbon monoxide emissions. Ethanol-diesel dual fuel had advantages in terms of smoke opacity but had a nitrogen oxides trade-off.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiumin Yu, Decheng Li, Ping Sun, Guanting Li, Song Yang, Chuanzhao Yao
Summary: This paper investigates the energy and exergy balance of a SI engine working under two different modes under lean-burn conditions. Results show that the cooling water takes an average of 39.40% of the fuel energy in GPI + GDI mode, and 40.70% in GPI + HDI mode. The exergy destruction occupies 56.12% of the fuel exergy in GPI + GDI mode and 54.89% in GPI + HDI mode. Brake thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of the engine can be improved by 0.29% and 0.31% in GPI + GDI mode, and 0.56% and 0.71% in GPI + HDI mode at an excess air ratio of 1.1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Decheng Li, Xiumin Yu, Yaodong Du, Mingjia Xu, Yinan Li, Zhen Shang, Zhe Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different water ratios in hydrous ethanol on combustion and emissions of hydrous ethanol-gasoline. The results showed that hydrous ethanol prolongs flame development and propagation duration, decreases Tmax and Pmax, and improves torque and brake thermal efficiency. Increasing water content in gasoline/hydrous ethanol dual fuel also leads to higher HC emissions but lower CO and NOx emissions, as well as smaller particle size.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zezhou Guo, Xiumin Yu, Tao Sang, Zhao Chen, Shike Cui, Mingjia Xu, Longlong Yu
Summary: This study investigated the performance of using ABE direct injection as an alternative to bio-butanol in an SI engine. Results showed that, under specific ABEDIr and lambda, it can effectively improve IMEP, reduce HC and NOx emissions, and decrease particle numbers.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiumin Yu, Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Weibo Shi, Zezhou Guo, Zhe Li, Yaodong Du, Zhaohui Jin, Decheng Li, Tianqi Wang, Yinan Li
Summary: Ethanol has shown to have significant benefits in improving engine performance and emissions, while EGR can effectively reduce emissions. Combining EGR with EDI and GPI can enhance engine power performance, improve fuel economy, and lower gaseous emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zezhou Guo, Xiumin Yu, Yaodong Du, Tianqi Wang
Summary: With the increasing regulatory requirements for vehicles powered by internal combustion engines, improving engine thermal efficiency and reducing harmful emissions has become urgent. Alcohols, known for their renewability and cleaner emissions, have attracted wide attention. Among them, bio-butanol, which is most similar to gasoline, has been widely studied in spark ignition (SI) engines. However, the high energy consumption during the separation and purification process in the fermentation of bio-butanol results in its high price. ABE and IBE, as intermediates for the preparation of butanol through different fermentation methods, can be directly used in SI engines, significantly reducing the cost. Combined injection is the most suitable injection approach for dual-fuel engines, as it allows flexible control of the dual-fuel injection ratio and parameters. Therefore, this study experimentally compared the combustion and emissions of gasoline/ABE, gasoline/IBE, and gasoline/butanol using gasoline port injection plus alcohol direct injection mode. The results show that gasoline/IBE performs better in terms of power performance and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to gasoline/ABE and gasoline/butanol. Moreover, when the direct injection ratio (DIr) is low, the gaseous emissions of gasoline/ABE are superior, while emissions of gasoline/butanol are superior at high DIr. In addition, the particle number (PN) of gasoline/ABE is the lowest among the three modes, and the particles exhibit a unimodal distribution. Overall, as direct injection fuel in dual-fuel combined injection engines, ABE and IBE have more advantages than butanol in terms of combustion and emissions performance as well as cost.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Enrico R. Malheiro de Oliveira, Caio Henrique Rufino, Pedro Teixeira Lacava
Summary: This study provides an experimental analysis of spray guided direct injection with commercial fuels used in a consolidated market for the use of ethanol. The results indicate that lean combustion can lead to flame instabilities, increased unburned ethanol in exhaust emissions, and reduced engine performance. The study highlights the importance of considering the effects of commercial fuels with high ethanol content on engine performance and emissions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhe Zhao, Yan Huang, Xiumin Yu, Ping Sun, Ming Li, Weibo Shi, Zezhou Guo, Tianqi Wang
Summary: This study innovatively built an HHO supply system on the basis of the butanol/gasoline compound injection system to solve the combustion deterioration caused by the high latent heat of butanol vaporization. The results showed that HHO can effectively offset the negative impact of butanol and improve the engine's tolerance to butanol direct injection ratio (BDIr). In addition, butanol can improve the surge of NO emission caused by HHO.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xuejiao Dai, Zhaolei Zheng, Yukun Song
Summary: This study explores the impact of different port water injection ratios on knock in gasoline direct injection engines. The findings indicate that water injection can effectively reduce the occurrence of spontaneous combustion and improve engine performance.
ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Shijie Mi, Yaoyuan Zhang, Haoqing Wu, Wenbin Zhao, Xingcai Lu, Yong Qian
Summary: This paper investigates the influence of octane number of low reactivity fuels on dual-fuel intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) combustion mode. It also tests and optimizes dual-fuel injection strategies. The results demonstrate that even with an octane number as low as 75, ICCI mode still performs well. Additionally, post-injection strategy can delay the combustion phase but increases the particle number significantly.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xinlei Liu, Hammam Aljabri, Niraj Panthi, Abdullah S. AlRamadan, Emre Cenker, Abdullah T. Alshammari, Gaetano Magnotti, Hong G. Im
Summary: This study aimed to identify the best strategy for hydrogen internal combustion engines. Computational simulations were conducted to evaluate the combustion and emission characteristics of four combustion strategies. The DF-DI and SI operations tended to yield higher thermal efficiency, while the DF-DI operation generated the highest nitric oxide emission. The PCC and SI modes were able to fulfill the EU VI regulation limit of NOx emission with relatively high thermal efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Farhad Salek, Meisam Babaie, Amin Shakeri, Seyed Vahid Hosseini, Timothy Bodisco, Ali Zare
Summary: The study found that ammonia port injection significantly reduces NOx emissions, but has negative impacts on engine efficiency, CO, and HC emissions. It also decreases the minimum octane number required to prevent knock when added to the fuel mixture.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Xiaodong Yan, Huihua Feng, Zhiyuan Zhang, Liminy Wu, Wei Wang
Summary: The study investigated the spray characteristics and combustion process of FPLG by varying injection pressure, injection timing, and injection angle. The results showed that increasing injection timing improves mixture uniformity and combustion quality, while increasing injection pressure enhances fuel evaporation and mixture formation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nikhil Sharma, Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Summary: Optimizing fuel injection timings is crucial for reducing particulate emissions from GDI engines.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhongjie Zhang, Xuejiao Dai, Zhaolei Zheng
Summary: This study investigates the effects of six different cases of port water injection on the performance of a supercharged gasoline direct injection engine. The results show that case 2 and case 4 can effectively suppress knock and reduce emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yu Zhang, Ronghua Huang, Yang Zhou, Taotao Zhou, Changfa Tao, Yuhan Huang, Yejian Qian
Summary: This study investigates the evaporation and auto-ignition characteristics of an n-pentanol-diesel droplet under high temperature and turbulent conditions. The results show that turbulence intensity and n-pentanol concentration have significant effects on the droplet evaporation and auto-ignition characteristics.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuhan Huang, Elvin C. Y. Ng, Nic C. Surawski, John L. Zhou, Xiaochen Wang, Jianbing Gao, Wenting Lin, Richard J. Brown
Summary: This study investigates the impact of active diesel particulate filter (DPF) regenerations on fuel consumption and emissions of a diesel vehicle under real-world driving conditions. The results show that DPF regenerations increase fuel consumption and emissions, including CO, THC, and PM.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huimin Wu, Zhaowen Wang, Xiaobei Cheng, Yuhan Huang, Jyh-Yuan Chen, Chaohui Liu, Zhihao Wang, Jingxing Xu, Xinhua Zhang
Summary: Microwave Assisted Ignition (MAI) is a promising technology that optimizes the lean combustion characteristics of internal combustion engines. This research investigated the effects of microwave pulse waveform and delay time on energy coupling and ignition enhancement. The results showed that a high power and short width pulse waveform was beneficial for microwave energy absorption, and the coupled energy generally decreased with delay time. The study also revealed a saturated coupling pattern independent of waveform and delay time, which is caused by a stable electron number density due to the cut-off effect.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaochen Wang, Wei-Hsin Chen, Yuhan Huang, Long Wang, Yuwei Zhao, Jianbing Gao
Summary: With the increasing market share of gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles, the high particulate emissions from GDI engines have become a growing concern due to their negative impacts on human health and the environment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the physical and chemical characteristics of GDI nanoparticles, including soot oxidation reactivity, morphology, nanostructure, surface chemistry, and chemical components. The review also discusses the differences between GDI and diesel nanoparticles and analyzes the effects of engine operating parameters and aftertreatments on GDI soot features. The conclusions and future research recommendations are also presented.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhijie Chen, Wei Zuo, Kun Zhou, Qingqing Li, Yuhan Huang, E. Jiaqiang
Summary: This study optimized the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell by using response surface methodology and non-dominated ranking genetic algorithm. The Pareto optimal solution obtained through this method improves the power density, system efficiency, and exergy efficiency of the fuel cell. This work provides a new multi-objective optimization method for designing more efficient fuel cells.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wei Zuo, Zhijie Chen, E. Jiaqiang, Qingqing Li, Guangde Zhang, Yuhan Huang
Summary: A hydrogen-fueled micro planar combustor with tube outlet is designed to improve the energy output power and energy conversion efficiency for micro-thermophotovoltaic system. The effects of tube outlet structure parameters on the performance of micro planar combustor are numerically investigated. The results show that increasing the tube distance slightly improves the energy output and conversion efficiency, and reduces the pressure loss. Additionally, using square tubes instead of circular tubes is more suitable for the MTPV system, and increasing the number of tubes significantly enhances the energy output and conversion efficiency while reducing pressure loss.
Article
Thermodynamics
Bo Yuan, Zhaowen Wang, Junhui Cao, Yuhan Huang, Yuan Shen, Zhihui Song, Huali Zhao, Xiaobei Cheng
Summary: Under the background of energy saving and emission reduction, methanol is considered an ideal alternative fuel for gasoline due to its renewability, high combustion efficiency, and low emissions. However, the cold start of methanol port fuel injection engines is an issue. To comprehensively understand the feasibility and mechanisms of methanol as a substitute for gasoline, evaporation characteristics of methanol and gasoline droplets at low temperatures were investigated. Additionally, the effects of various factors on spray characteristics and spray impingement on a valve were studied. Methanol showed potential as a substitute for gasoline when considering inlet flow and low injection pressure, but may not be suitable for direct valve impact.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhaowen Wang, Xiaojie Li, Lin Xiang, Yuhan Huang, Bing Lang, Xiaobei Cheng, Jie Zhang
Summary: This study compares the spray combustion characteristics of neat diesel, neat RP-3 and RP-3/diesel blends under different conditions. The results show that the blending ratio of RP-3 has significant effects on the spray and combustion processes. RP-3/diesel blends exhibit faster evaporation and lower soot emissions than neat diesel and RP-3 alone.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaonan Wang, Wengui Li, Yuhan Huang, Shishun Zhang, Kejin Wang
Summary: Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into construction materials is an effective way to improve energy management. In this study, paraffin with specific properties was absorbed into artificial porous aggregate under vacuum pressure. Various tests were conducted to evaluate the properties of the materials, and an optimal structure for PCM incorporation into the aggregates was proposed.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Guangzhao Zhou, Xianggang Duan, Jin Chang, Yu Bo, Yuhan Huang
Summary: Understanding the competitive adsorption-desorption mechanisms in shale is crucial for improving CH4 recovery and CO2 sequestration. This study used nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate the impact of CO2 on the adsorption-desorption behaviors of CH4 in plug-sized samples. The results revealed distinct peaks in the transverse relaxation time (T2) spectrum, indicating the different states of adsorbed CH4 and free state CH4 in pores and fractures. The introduction of CO2 led to changes in the T2 signals, resulting in a higher desorption rate of adsorbed CH4.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhijie Chen, Wei Zuo, Kun Zhou, Qingqing Li, Yuhan Huang, E. Jiaqiang
Summary: In this study, Taguchi experimental design, grey relational analysis, and analysis of variance were combined to investigate the impact of various factors on the performance of high-temperature proton exchange membranes fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). The results showed that the membrane thickness had the most significant contribution to the power density, while the anode stoichiometry ratio had the most significant contribution to the system efficiency and exergy efficiency of HT-PEMFC. This study provides important reference and valuable guidance for designing HT-PEMFC.
Review
Thermodynamics
Yu Zhang, Qianchen Peng, Chunmei Wang, Yuhan Huang, Pei Zhou, Yejian Qian, Bin Ye, T. M. Indra Mahlia, Hwai Chyuan Ong
Summary: This paper systematically reviews the state-of-the-art advances in auto-ignition modeling and discusses the effects of turbulence, evaporation, and chemistry on auto-ignition. Five different models, ranging from simple homogeneous models to more complex turbulent models, are discussed and compared. The paper also outlines the challenges and future directions in auto-ignition modeling.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Chao Mai, Amin Mojiri, Swaminathan Palanisami, Ali Altaee, Yuhan Huang, John L. L. Zhou
Summary: As the global population reaches eight billion, efficient and environmentally friendly methods are needed to treat large quantities of wastewater. Wastewater hydroponics technology (HP) has proven to be effective in removing various pollutants, but it still has drawbacks such as high energy consumption and low public acceptance. Further research should focus on reducing energy consumption and developing hybrid technologies for nutrient recycling.
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Junjie Lin, Dafeng Hui, Amit Kumar, Zhiguo Yu, Yuhan Huang
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Thanh Kien Nguyen, Xiaowei Li, Lei Ren, Yuhan Huang, John L. Zhou
Summary: The adsorption of dissolved arsenic species (As(III) and As(V)) by microplastics (MPs) pellets, river sediment, and their mixture was investigated. The results showed that both MP characteristics and water properties influenced the adsorption behavior of inorganic As species. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the adsorption mechanism involved the interaction of arsenic species with functional groups on the sediment surface.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yong Cheng, Fukai Song, Lei Fu, Saishuai Dai, Zhiming Yuan, Atilla Incecik
Summary: This paper investigates the accessibility of wave energy absorption by a dual-pontoon floating breakwater integrated with hybrid-type wave energy converters (WECs) and proposes a hydraulic-pneumatic complementary energy extraction method. The performance of the system is validated through experiments and comparative analysis.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing Gao, Chao Wang, Zhanwu Wang, Jin Lin, Runkai Zhang, Xin Wu, Guangyin Xu, Zhenfeng Wang
Summary: This study aims to establish a new integrated method for biomass cogeneration project site selection, with a focus on the application of the model in Henan Province. By integrating Geographic Information System and Multiple Criterion Decision Making methods, the study conducts site selection in two stages, providing a theoretical reference for the construction of biomass cogeneration projects.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mert Temiz, Ibrahim Dincer
Summary: The current study presents a hybrid small modular nuclear reactor and solar-based system for sustainable communities, integrating floating and bifacial photovoltaic arrays with a small modular reactor. The system efficiently generates power, hydrogen, ammonia, freshwater, and heat for residential, agricultural, and aquaculture facilities. Thermodynamic analysis shows high energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as large-scale ammonia production meeting the needs of metropolitan areas. The hybridization of nuclear and solar technologies offers advantages of reliability, environmental friendliness, and cost efficiency compared to renewable-alone and fossil-based systems.
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Wojciech Stanek, Wojciech Adamczyk
Article
Thermodynamics
Desheng Xu, Yanfeng Li, Tianmei Du, Hua Zhong, Youbo Huang, Lei Li, Xiangling Duanmu
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of hybrid mechanical-natural ventilation for smoke control in complex metro stations. The results show that atrium fires are more significantly impacted by outdoor temperature variations compared to concourse/platform fires. The gathered high-temperature smoke inside the atrium can reach up to 900 K under a 5 MW train fire energy release. The findings provide crucial engineering insights into integrating weather data and adaptable ventilation protocols for smoke prevention/mitigation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Da Guo, Heping Xie, Mingzhong Gao, Jianan Li, Zhiqiang He, Ling Chen, Cong Li, Le Zhao, Dingming Wang, Yiwei Zhang, Xin Fang, Guikang Liu, Zhongya Zhou, Lin Dai
Summary: This study proposes a new in-situ pressure-preserved coring tool and elaborates its pressure-preserving mechanism. The experimental and field test results demonstrate that this tool has a high pressure-preservation capability and can maintain a stable pressure in deep wells. This study provides a theoretical framework and design standards for the development of similar technologies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Aolin Lai, Qunwei Wang
Summary: This study assesses the impact of China's de-capacity policy on renewable energy development efficiency (REDE) using the Global-MSBM model and the difference-in-differences method. The findings indicate that the policy significantly enhances REDE, promoting technological advancements and marketization. Moreover, regions with stricter environmental regulations experience a higher impact.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mostafa Ghasemi, Hegazy Rezk
Summary: This study utilizes fuzzy modeling and optimization to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). By simulating and analyzing experimental data sets, the ideal parameter values for increasing power density, COD elimination, and coulombic efficiency were determined. The results demonstrate that the fuzzy model and optimization methods can significantly improve the performance of MFCs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhang Ruan, Lianzhong Huang, Kai Wang, Ranqi Ma, Zhongyi Wang, Rui Zhang, Haoyang Zhao, Cong Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a grey box model for fuel consumption prediction of wing-diesel hybrid vessels based on feature construction. By using both parallel and series grey box modeling methods and six machine learning algorithms, twelve combinations of prediction models are established. A feature construction method based on the aerodynamic performance of the wing and the energy relationship of the hybrid system is introduced. The best combination is obtained by considering the root mean square error, and it shows improved accuracy compared to the white box model. The proposed grey box model can accurately predict the daily fuel consumption of wing-diesel hybrid vessels, contributing to operational optimization and the greenization and decarbonization of the shipping industry.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huayi Chang, Nico Heerink, Junbiao Zhang, Ke He
Summary: This study examines the interaction between off-farm employment decisions between couples and household clean energy consumption in rural China, and finds that two-paycheck households are more likely to consume clean energy. The off-farm employment of women is a key factor driving household clean energy consumption to a higher level, with wage-employed wives having a stronger influence on these decisions than self-employed ones.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hanguan Wen, Xiufeng Liu, Ming Yang, Bo Lei, Xu Cheng, Zhe Chen
Summary: Demand-side management is crucial to smart energy systems. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to understand the relationship between energy consumption patterns and household characteristics for better DSM services. The proposed method uses a clustering algorithm to generate optimal customer groups for DSM and a deep learning model for training. The model can predict the possibility of DSM membership for a given household. The results demonstrate the usefulness of weekly energy consumption data and household socio-demographic information for distinguishing consumer groups and the potential for targeted DSM strategies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinglan Hou, Xiuping Zhong, Shuaishuai Nie, Yafei Wang, Guigang Tu, Yingrui Ma, Kunyan Liu, Chen Chen
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of utilizing a multi-level horizontal branch well heat recovery system in the Qiabuqia geothermal field. The research systematically investigates the effects of various engineering parameters on production temperature, establishes mathematical models to describe their relationships, and evaluates the economic viability of the system. The findings demonstrate the significant economic feasibility of the multi-level branch well system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Longxin Zhang, Songtao Wang, Site Hu
Summary: This investigation reveals the influence of tip leakage flow on the modern transonic rotor and finds that the increase of tip clearance size leads to a decline in rotor performance. However, an optimal tip clearance size can extend the rotor's stall margin.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kristian Gjoka, Behzad Rismanchi, Robert H. Crawford
Summary: This paper proposes a framework for assessing the performance of 5GDHC systems and demonstrates it through a case study in a university campus in Melbourne, Australia. The results show that 5GDHC systems are a cost-effective and environmentally viable solution in mild climates, and their successful implementation in Australia can create new market opportunities and potential adoption in other countries with similar climatic conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianwei Li, Guotai Wang, Panpan Yang, Yongshuang Wen, Leian Zhang, Rujun Song, Chengwei Hou
Summary: This study proposes an orientation-adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester by introducing a rotatable bluff body, which allows for self-regulation to cater for changing wind flow direction. Experimental results show that the output power of the energy harvester can be greatly enhanced with increased rotatory inertia of the rotating bluff body, providing a promising solution for harnessing wind-induced vibration energy.
