Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Didac Santesmasses, Vadim N. Gladyshev
Summary: Through analysis of the co-essentiality network, this study identified functional partners of selenoproteins and Sec machinery proteins. The key role of selenium is to support the functions of GPX4 and TXNRD1, with further functional links to PRDX6 and SCD.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Zhang, Jiao Jin, Biyan Huang, Huimin Ying, Jie He, Liang Jiang
Summary: Selenium is an important trace element that is mainly present as selenocysteine in prokaryotes. It is required for the synthesis of certain nucleotides and cofactors, and participates in redox reactions. Recent advances in bioinformatics analysis have provided insights into the utilization of selenium in prokaryotes, including the identification of selenoprotein genes and comparative genomics studies. These studies have revealed the evolutionary trends of selenium metabolic pathways, selenoprotein families, and selenoproteomes in different organisms and environmental samples.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Didac Santesmasses, Vadim N. Gladyshev
Summary: Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins as the 21st amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). There are 25 selenoproteins encoded in the human genome, and their synthesis requires a dedicated machinery. Most selenoproteins are oxidoreductases with important functions in human health. Deficiencies in selenoproteins can lead to various disorders, with mutations in selenoprotein genes or Sec machinery genes being common causes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christina Z. Chung, Natalie Krahn
Summary: Selenocysteine, the 21st genetically encoded amino acid, shares structural similarity with cysteine and has similar chemical properties. It plays important roles in cellular maintenance, immune response, and other functions, but its detailed reactions are still unclear. Significant progress has been made in the development of tools and techniques for selenoprotein research in the past two decades.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeremy Lamarche, Luisa Ronga, Joanna Szpunar, Ryszard Lobinski
Summary: SELENOP as an emerging marker for selenium nutritional status and various diseases still requires further investigation on its chemical characteristics and improvement in accurate quantitation methods; the presence of multiple isoforms and post-translationally modified variants of SELENOP poses challenges for accurate quantification; mass spectrometry techniques offer many advantages and complementary features in the characterization and quantification of SELENOP and should be carefully evaluated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandip A. Ghuge, Ulhas Sopanrao Kadam, Jong Chan Hong
Summary: Selenium is an essential microelement for many organisms, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It is obtained from the amino acid selenocysteine and encoded by the UGA codon. Selenoproteins, proteins containing selenium, are present in animals and algae but not in fungi and higher plants. The human genome contains 25 selenoproteins, most of which play a role in antioxidant defense and redox regulation. In Chlamydomonas, 10 selenoprotein genes have been identified, and based on the conserved domains and catalytically active sites, it is suggested that Chlamydomonas selenoproteins may be involved in redox regulation and defense as antioxidants.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lance G. A. Nunes, Antavius Cain, Cody Comyns, Peter R. Hoffmann, Natalie Krahn
Summary: Selenocysteine, a unique amino acid, plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and is associated with various diseases. The functional role of selenoprotein M in humans is still being investigated, and further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and potential medical applications.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhenjun Li, Yongsheng Tian, Bo Wang, Rihe Peng, Jing Xu, Xiaoyan Fu, Hongjuan Han, Lijuan Wang, Wenhui Zhang, Yongdong Deng, Yu Wang, Zehao Gong, Jianjie Gao, Quanhong Yao
Summary: This study successfully redirected selenium flow in rice by overexpressing the genes encoding selenocysteine lyase and selenocysteine methyltransferase. Transgenic plants showed lower sensitivity to selenium stress and increased tolerance to selenate and selenite, as well as improved selenium elimination capabilities. These findings suggest that genetically modified plants have the potential to restore selenium-contaminated environments.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuchuan Wang, Pengcheng Liu, Jiao Chang, Yunping Xu, Jiangyun Wang
Summary: Selenocysteine is a rare naturally proteinogenic amino acid in living organisms and plays a crucial role in cellular functions. Its incorporation in vivo is highly species-dependent and requires the reprogramming of translation. Many strategies have been developed to overcome the challenges in producing synthetic selenoproteins for understanding their functions.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Huan Tang, Guogeng Jia, Jinjun Gao, Fan Yang, Ziyao Tang, Yuan Liu, Chu Wang
Summary: In this paper, a chemical proteomic strategy called SETRIP was developed to quantitatively monitor the turnover dynamics of selenoproteins at the proteomic level. The half-lives of nine selenoproteins were accurately measured, ranging from 6 to 32 hours. The study provides a global portrait of dynamic changes in the selenoproteome and suggests the existence of hierarchy regulation in the turnover of selenoproteins.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jing Liu, Youqiao Xu, Haojie Lu, Rong Wang, Zhuolu Xia, Changshun Zhao, Dechun Huang, Feng Jiang, Wei Chen
Summary: Three self-assembled nanoaggregates were constructed using different molecules, and their properties were characterized through various experiments. The results showed that nanoaggregates with disulfide groups exhibited better stability and improved cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Additionally, the nanoaggregates showed targeting ability to specific cellular components, leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica L. Nicholson, Pamela Toh, Naghum Alfulaij, Marla J. Berry, Daniel J. Torres
Summary: It has been 50 years since the discovery of the first selenoprotein, and our understanding of the importance of selenium has greatly increased. We now know that the brain relies on selenium for proper functioning, and a lack of certain selenoproteins can lead to neurodegeneration. Additionally, selenoprotein-mediated redox balance has been found to affect neuronal activity.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alfonso Rodriguez-Ruiz, Doreen Braun, Simon Pflug, Alexander Brol, Marc Sylvester, Clemens Steegborn, Ulrich Schweizer
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic mechanisms of deiodinase isoenzymes and the roles of several conserved cysteines. The study found that Cys124 forms a disulfide bond with selenocysteine during catalysis and can be reduced by glutathione. Mutagenesis studies also support a shared proton-relay pathway between DIO1 and DIO3.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing-Jing Peng, Shi-Yang Yue, Yu-Hui Fang, Xiao-Ling Liu, Cheng-Hua Wang
Summary: This paper comprehensively reviewed the biosynthesis and incorporation mechanisms of selenocysteine into selenoproteins, covering specific biosynthesis mechanisms, elements on mRNA, UGA specificity, structure-activity relationships, and key enzyme systems. The discussion also touched on translation initiation interval size, SECIS action modes, and REPS effects on incorporation efficiency of selenocysteine for large-scale industrial fermentation for selenoprotein production.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vladimir V. Rogachev, Michael V. Goltyaev, Elena G. Varlamova, Egor A. Turovsky
Summary: Currently, there is active development in the field of selenobiology, focusing on the role of selenium and its compounds in regulating vital cellular processes. The functions of selenium nanoparticles have gained popularity, while the study of selenoproteins, especially SELENOM, remains underexplored. This research investigates the molecular mechanisms of SELENOM's cytotoxic effect on human glioblastoma cells, revealing its involvement in apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the regulation of calcium homeostasis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucia A. Seale, Ashley N. Ogawa-Wong, Ligia M. Watanabe, Vedbar S. Khadka, Mark Menor, Daniel J. Torres, Bradley A. Carlson, Dolph L. Hatfield, Marla J. Berry
Summary: Selenoproteins are proteins containing the selenium-containing amino acid selenocysteine and play important roles in various tissues. Mouse models with targeted deletion of Trsp in brown adipocytes showed increased triglyceride accumulation in BAT and mild hypothyroidism in males, with no significant changes in adaptive thermogenesis markers under acute cold exposure. The loss of Trsp affected specific gene transcripts in BAT, suggesting a role in thyroid hormone dysfunction in brown adipocytes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ligia M. Watanabe, Ann C. Hashimoto, Daniel J. Torres, Marla J. Berry, Lucia A. Seale
JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Ligia M. Watanabe, Ann C. Hashimoto, Daniel J. Torres, Naghum Alfulaij, Rafael Peres, Razvan Sultana, Alika K. Maunakea, Marla J. Berry, Lucia A. Seale
Summary: This study investigated the effects of statins on hepatic and muscular selenoprotein expression, oxidative stress, and creatine metabolism, revealing a sex-dependent role of selenium in statin responses.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ligia M. Watanabe, Anderson M. Navarro, Lucia A. Seale
Summary: Obesity is a major health concern in developing countries like Brazil, where approximately one quarter of the population is obese. The combination of obesity, selenium deficiency, and statin treatment poses significant challenges to public health in Brazil.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Briana K. Shimada, Naghum Alfulaij, Lucia A. Seale
Summary: Selenium is an essential trace element crucial for cardiovascular health through its incorporation into selenoproteins, which are key to maintaining proper cardiovascular function. Deficiency in selenium can lead to various cardiovascular diseases, and selenium may potentially serve as a complementary therapy for prevention or treatment of cardiovascular disease by interacting with microRNAs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel J. Torres, Matthew W. Pitts, Lucia A. Seale, Ann C. Hashimoto, Katlyn J. An, Ashley N. Hanato, Katherine W. Hui, Stella Maris A. Remigio, Bradley A. Carlson, Dolph L. Hatfield, Marla J. Berry
Summary: Selenium plays a crucial role in hypothalamic physiology by supporting leptin signaling and maintaining proper redox balance. Knockout mice of the selenocysteine tRNA gene showed less weight gain on a high-fat diet, with female mice retaining hypothalamic sensitivity to leptin while males were unaffected, indicating a sexually dimorphic influence of selenium on neurobiology and energy homeostasis. These findings provide new insights into the impact of selenoproteins on a specific population of hypothalamic neurons.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Lucia A. Seale, Christy L. Gilman, Ann Marie Zavacki, P. Reed Larsen, Mayu Inokuchi, Jason P. Breves, Andre P. Seale
Summary: The study indicates that thyroid hormones play a crucial role in the adaptation of Mozambique tilapia to freshwater environments by interacting with branchial deiodinases to modulate their activities. External osmotic conditions do not directly affect the gene expression of branchial deiodinases, while systemic signals may stimulate thyroid hormone metabolism.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kaitlin Day, Lucia A. Seale, Ross M. Graham, Barbara R. Cardoso
Summary: Observational studies suggest that selenium may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with the possibility of lower selenium levels in the liver of NAFLD patients due to increased consumption. Variations in gene expression may be associated with the progressive risk of NAFLD, with differences in gene expression levels in certain selenoprotein pathways between NAFLD patients and healthy individuals.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Barbara R. Cardoso, Cristiane Cominetti, Lucia A. Seale
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ligia M. Watanabe, Lucia A. Seale
Summary: Cardiometabolic disorders are a major health concern in the United States, particularly among indigenous populations like Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders. High-intensity statin therapy can prevent cardiovascular disease, but it also comes with side effects. Different ethnic groups may experience variations in statin side effects due to sociodemographic, behavioral, and/or biological factors.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Briana K. Shimada, Ligia M. Watanabe, Sydonie Swanson, Pamela Toh, Lucia A. Seale
Summary: Selenium plays a role in energy metabolism, particularly in brown and beige adipocytes. The selenoprotein DIO2 is crucial for activating adaptive thermogenesis, and other selenoproteins may also be involved. This review discusses the involvement of selenium metabolism and selenoproteins in the mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes, highlighting the gaps in knowledge.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Briana Shimada, Sydonie Swanson, Pamela Toh, Daniel Torres, Lucia Seale
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Pamela Toh, Lucia A. Seale, Marla J. Berry, Daniel J. Torres
Summary: Abnormal activation of the stress-response system in early life can cause long-term neurological changes. High levels of glucocorticoids can promote oxidative damage in the brain. Selenium, an essential trace element, can mitigate this damage by synthesizing antioxidant selenoproteins. This study demonstrates that early life exposure to excess glucocorticoid levels can alter selenoprotein levels in the developing brain.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katlyn J. An, Ashley N. Hanato, Katherine W. Hui, Matthew W. Pitts, Lucia A. Seale, Jessica L. Nicholson, Pamela Toh, Jun Kyoung Kim, Marla J. Berry, Daniel J. Torres
Summary: The use of glucocorticoid medications can cause metabolic side effects such as overeating, weight gain, and insulin resistance. The hypothalamus, a regulator of feeding behavior and energy expenditure, is responsive to glucocorticoids and may play a role in metabolic defects. Selenium has been found to counter the effects of glucocorticoids and is important for hypothalamic function. This study aimed to investigate if selenium could protect hypothalamic cells from dysfunction caused by glucocorticoid exposure.