Review
Chemistry, Physical
Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf, Agusril Syamsir, Abu Bakar Mohd Supian, Fathoni Usman, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Norizan Mohd Nurazzi, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria, Shubham Sharma, Zarina Itam, Mohamad Zakir Abd Rashid
Summary: In the era of globalisation, the use of biomass waste as a substitute material for green technology development has gained popularity due to the decreasing availability of synthetic resources. The development of plastic products using lignocellulosic fibre-reinforced composites has been a hot topic, especially for its abundance, sustainability, and non-toxic nature. In Malaysia, sugar palm is a plant that can be harvested for various purposes, including traditional foods, fruits, starch sugar, and alcohol. The fibre from sugar palm is commonly used in conventional products such as brushes and brooms. However, its hydrophilic behaviour poses a challenge in achieving a strong bond between the fibre and the matrix. Chemical treatments have been explored as a solution to improve the mechanical behaviour of sugar palm fibre-reinforced polymer composites. This review aims to evaluate recent studies on the mechanical properties of sugar palm lignocellulosic fibres with various chemical treatments for potential structural applications.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xianyu Zhou, Yusheng Zeng, Pang Chen, Zhenzhen Jiao, Wenzhong Zheng
Summary: This study investigated the mechanical properties of basalt and PP fibre-reinforced alkali-activated slag (AAS) concrete, finding that the dosage and length of the fibers have significant impact on the strength of the concrete. It was observed that for AAS material, the tensile strength characterization through splitting tensile and flexural strength tests may show significant differences due to different strength calculation formulas and large shrinkage. Additionally, PP fibers were found to be less effective in improving the strength of AAS concrete compared to basalt fibers of the same length and dosage.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
M. R. M. Asyraf, M. Rafidah, S. Ebadi, A. Azrina, M. R. Razman
Summary: The reduction in petroleum resources and increased global environmental awareness have led to the acceptance of natural fibres as green materials. Lignocellulosic fibre-reinforced polymer biocomposites, such as sugar palm fibres, have gained attention for their sustainable nature and wide availability. This review focuses on the mechanical behavior of sugar palm lignocellulosic fibre biocomposites, providing a valuable source of literature for further research in construction and building materials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vijayaprabha Chakrawarthi, Siva Avudaiappan, Mugahed Amran, Brindha Dharmar, Leon Raj Jesuarulraj, Roman Fediuk, Radhamanohar Aepuru, Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin, Erick Saavedra Flores
Summary: The incorporation of copper slag and polypropylene fiber in composite concrete can enhance impact resistance, with the number of blows on failure increasing as the fiber volume increases. When adding a high proportion of copper slag and an appropriate volume of polypropylene fiber, the energy absorption performance of composite concrete significantly improves.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. R. M. Asyraf, M. R. Ishak, M. N. F. Norrrahim, N. M. Nurazzi, S. S. Shazleen, R. A. Ilyas, M. Rafidah, M. R. Razman
Summary: Sugar palm fiber (SPF) is considered an emerging reinforcement candidate for biocomposites, with its thermal properties being significantly affected by changes in fiber composition and surface treatment. However, there is a lack of literature summarizing the thermal properties of sugar palm biocomposites, indicating a need for further research in this area.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Shah Faisal Khan Sherwani, Mohd Sapuan Bin Salit, Edi Syams bin Zainudin, Zulkiflle Leman, Abdan Khalina
Summary: The aim of this study is to determine the physical properties and flammability of a composite of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with chemically treated sugar palm fibre (SPF). The results showed that alkaline and benzoyl chloride treatments had significant effects on the water absorption, thickness swelling, density, and void content of the SPF/PLA composites. The composites exhibited high fire resistance, except for the 6% alkaline treated SPF/PLA composites.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Malavika Reghunathan Kalathil, R. B. Santoshi, N. Rasana, K. Jayanarayanan
Summary: This study investigates the synergistic effect of multiscale fillers on the kinetics of non-isothermal crystallization of polypropylene reinforced with microscale glass fibres and nanoscale halloysite nanotubes. The results show that the formation of critical nuclei size and stable nuclei is faster in nano- and hybrid composites due to the lower energy barrier. The kinetics of crystallization are best explained by Mo's model for hybrid composites, while Avrami and Ozawa models can explain the initial stages of crystallization. The dependence of effective activation energy on the extent of relative crystallization was explored using the Friedman model for micro-, nano-, and hybrid composites. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the ability of HNT to induce alpha and beta crystals and the ability of multiscale fillers to reduce crystal sizes without affecting the standard lattice planes of neat polypropylene.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Textiles
M. R. M. Asyraf, K. Z. Hazrati, Desmond Daniel Chin Vui Sheng, M. Rafidah, W. Ashraf, Emrah Madenci, Yasin Onuralp Ozkilic, Ceyhun Aksoylu, N. M. Nurazzi
Summary: Lignocellulosic fibre from forest biomass has advantages in product development, and sugar palm fibre (SPF) has shown promise as a reinforcement in high-strength biocomposites. However, SPF exhibits high water absorption properties, which affects its performance when binding with thermoplastic matrix.
FIBERS AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Imraan, R. A. Ilyas, A. S. Norfarhana, Sneh Punia Bangar, Victor Feizal Knight, M. N. F. Norrrahim
Summary: The widespread acceptance of natural fibres as green materials is influenced by the depletion of petroleum resources and the growing awareness of environmental issues. Sugar palm tree is a promising source of natural fibres, especially for composite materials. However, there are inconsistent data and values regarding the mechanical and physical properties of these fibres. Therefore, it is important to organize data for the design and future study of sugar palm fibres.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
S. Mohd Izwan, S. M. Sapuan, M. Y. M. Zuhri, A. R. Mohamed
Summary: This research aimed to evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of sugar palm fiber (SPF) and kenaf fiber (KF)-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The treated hybrid composite (PP/SPF/KF) exhibited the best flammability properties with the lowest average burning rate and superior stiffness and damping factor. The thermomechanical analysis showed that the hybrid composite with the best ratio achieved the highest dimensional coefficient at a specific temperature.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xianyu Zhou, Pang Chen, Zhenzhen Jiao, Yusheng Zeng, Wenzhong Zheng
Summary: The creep properties of AAS concrete, particularly in relation to structural safety and the effect of fibres, were investigated in this study. Results showed that fibre dosage and stress-strength ratio play a significant role in influencing the creep behavior of polypropylene fibre-reinforced AAS concrete.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Rajab Abousnina, Sachindra Premasiri, Vilive Anise, Weena Lokuge, Vanissorn Vimonsatit, Wahid Ferdous, Omar Alajarmeh
Summary: This study investigates the engineering benefits of using extruded macro polyfibres in concrete, finding that the addition of fibres significantly enhances the mechanical and microstructural properties, especially compressive, splitting tensile, and bonding strength. Fibres also increase concrete toughness, decrease macroporosity, and improve compressive strength.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Oscar Asumani, Ratnam Paskaramoorthy
Summary: The study found that alkali-silane treatment significantly improves the fatigue and impact strengths of kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene composites, with an optimal alkali concentration of 5% to 6%. Microscopy examination revealed that fiber treatments have a significant impact on the damage mechanisms of the composites, with alkali-silane treated composites showing improved fiber-matrix adhesion.
ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
S. Mohd Izwan, S. M. Sapuan, M. Y. M. Zuhri, A. R. Muhamed
Summary: The study investigated the effect of benzoylation treatment on the performance of sugar palm/kenaf fiber-reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites, revealing improvement in mechanical properties with treated materials, particularly in impact and flexural strength. SEM analysis demonstrated that surface treatment enhanced the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
A. R. Ngah, Suhad D. Salman, Z. Leman, S. M. Sapuan, M. F. M. Alkbir, Fatihhi Januddi
Summary: Drilling is a process of material removal, but problems may arise when drilling composite materials due to delamination. This study examined the effect of factors such as feed rate, spindle speed, drill bit type, and geometry on delamination during the drilling process, and used Taguchi methods to find the optimal parameters.Minimizing delamination was achieved when using a feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev and a spindle speed of 700r/min with both types of drill bits.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
R. A. Ilyas, M. Y. M. Zuhri, H. A. Aisyah, M. R. M. Asyraf, S. A. Hassan, E. S. Zainudin, S. M. Sapuan, S. Sharma, S. P. Bangar, R. Jumaidin, Y. Nawab, A. A. M. Faudzi, H. Abral, M. Asrofi, E. Syafri, N. H. Sari
Summary: This article presents the research progress and characteristics of polyactic acid (PLA) and its natural fiber-based green composites. PLA, as a thermoplastic polymer, has wide potential in replacing traditional polymers. Green composites, with advantages such as degradability, recyclability, high strength, and low toxicity, have been extensively used in fields like packaging and medicine. The article also discusses the research issues, challenges, and future development directions of PLA-based green composites.
Article
Polymer Science
J. Tarique, E. S. Zainudin, S. M. Sapuan, R. A. Ilyas, A. Khalina
Summary: This research focuses on developing and characterizing arrowroot starch-based biocomposite films by incorporating fibers, which improve the mechanical properties and water absorption of the films. The results show that adding fibers significantly increases the tensile and tear strengths of the films, with the optimum filler content being 10%. Additionally, the composite films absorb more water when immersed in seawater and rainwater.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. N. M. Azlin, S. M. Sapuan, M. Y. M. Zuhri, E. S. Zainudin
Summary: Hybrid laminated composites consisting of woven kenaf, woven polyester, and polylactic acid (PLA) were fabricated using the hot compression method. The composition and stacking sequence of the hybrid composites significantly influenced their mechanical properties. Increasing the content of woven kenaf improved the flexural properties of the hybrid composites, while the composition of woven kenaf and woven polyester had an effect on flexural strength. Additionally, the tensile fracture surface morphology was evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), providing insights for industrial applications.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Humaira Alias Aisyah, Abu Hassan Nordin, Norzita Ngadi, Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Zuhri, Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf, Salit Mohd Sapuan, Edi Syams Zainudin, Shubham Sharma, Hairul Abral, Mochamad Asrofi, Edi Syafri, Nasmi Herlina Sari, Mazlan Rafidah, Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Nuriah Abd Majid, Zuliskandar Ramli, Ashraf Azmi, Sneh Punia Bangar, Rushdan Ibrahim
Summary: This review article focuses on the use of green composites from natural fibers, particularly chitosan, in the development of biodegradable materials. Natural fiber composites have numerous advantages such as durability, low cost, low weight, high specific strength, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability. Chitosan, a natural fiber, can be processed into various forms and has been found to possess high thermal stability and good physical and chemical properties. Chitosan-based green composites have wide applicability in industries such as biomedicine, cosmetology, papermaking, wastewater treatment, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.
Article
Polymer Science
Mohd Nazri Ahmad, Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak, Mastura Mohammad Taha, Faizal Mustapha, Zulkiflle Leman, Debby Dyne Anak Lukista, Irianto, Ihwan Ghazali
Summary: This study investigated the optimal printing parameters for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) using oil palm fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. The results showed that layer thickness, orientation, infill density, and printing speed had significant effects on the mechanical properties of the printed specimens. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers using similar materials and techniques.
Article
Polymer Science
M. D. Hazrol, S. M. Sapuan, E. S. Zainudin, N. I. A. Wahab, R. A. Ilyas
Summary: Biocomposite films were prepared using corn starch reinforced with multi-scale kenaf fibre as a filler. The addition of kenaf fibre improved the thickness, weight, and density of the films, while causing slight reductions in moisture content, water absorption, and solubility rating. Kenaf fibre reinforcement increased the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break of the films, with optimal results achieved at a fibre content of 6%.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
J. Tarique, S. M. Sapuan, A. Khalina, R. A. Ilyas, E. S. Zainudin
Summary: Using the solution casting method, biodegradable thermoplastic arrowroot starch films containing different concentrations of arrowroot fiber were developed and characterized. The addition of arrowroot fiber improved the thermal stability, fire resistance, water vapor permeability, and opacity of the films. However, the antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria was insignificant, while the biodegradability was good.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
M. N. M. Azlin, S. M. Sapuan, M. Y. M. Zuhri, E. S. Zainudin, R. A. Ilyas
Summary: This paper investigates the thermal and flammability properties of woven kenaf/polyester-reinforced polylactic acid hybrid laminated composites. Through thermal analysis and flammability testing, the study confirms the impact of hybridization on the thermal stability, viscoelastic properties, and burning rate of the laminates.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Harith Zainal Abidin, Zulkiflle Leman, Zainal Abidin Mohd Yusof, Amjad Khalili
Summary: According to a recent study, the adoption of Lean Manufacturing in the Malaysian Industrialized Building System industry is still low due to various barriers. The study shows that implementing Lean Manufacturing approaches can improve performance and overall productivity in manufacturing plants.
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI-SCIENCES & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Aidin Delgoshaei, Razieh Beighizadeh, Mohd Khairol Anuar Bin Mohd Arffin, Zulkiflle B. Leman, Ahad Ali
Summary: Technology advancements are crucial for a successful green supply chain, and there are significant relationships between management pledge, environmentally friendly design, and green material usage in innovative development. By utilizing the Support Vector Machine algorithm and fuzzy weights, the innovation level related to technology in green supply chains can be accurately classified and predicted.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUZZY SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
M. D. Hazrol, S. M. Sapuan, R. A. Ilyas, E. S. Zainudin, M. Y. M. Zuhri, N. I. Abdul Wahab
Summary: This study examined the effect of cornhusk fibers content on the properties of composites made from corn starch and kenaf fiber. The addition of cornhusk fibers improved the physical and mechanical properties of the composites.
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Isah Aliyu, Salit Mohd Sapuan, Edi Syams Zainudin, Umer Rashid, Mohd. Yusoff Mohamed Zuhri, Ridwan Yahaya
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the sugar palm fiber in Malaysia and explore its silica content as a potential renewable material. The results revealed the presence of amorphous silica in the sugar palm fiber ash, with a higher amount than other elements. Sugar palm fiber ash has been identified as a possible substitute for silica and a prospective industrial resource.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL FIBERS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Mohd Nazri Ahmad, Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak, Mastura Mohammad Taha, Faizal Mustapha, Zulkiflle Leman
Summary: This paper provides a review and discussion on natural fiber-based 3D printing filaments, including fabrication methods, characterization, and challenges. The prospects of natural fiber-based filaments for FDM 3D printing are also discussed. It aims to provide readers with sufficient knowledge on creating natural fiber composite filaments for FDM.
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Shah Faisal Khan Sherwani, Mohd Sapuan Bin Salit, Edi Syams bin Zainudin, Zulkiflle Leman, Abdan Khalina
Summary: The aim of this study is to determine the physical properties and flammability of a composite of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with chemically treated sugar palm fibre (SPF). The results showed that alkaline and benzoyl chloride treatments had significant effects on the water absorption, thickness swelling, density, and void content of the SPF/PLA composites. The composites exhibited high fire resistance, except for the 6% alkaline treated SPF/PLA composites.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES
(2022)
