Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Raluca Bianca Tomoiaga, Souad Diana Tork, Alina Filip, Levente Csaba Nagy, Laszlo Csaba Bencze
Summary: Rational design and saturation mutagenesis were used to engineer highly active phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PALs). The catalytic efficiency of PALs from different sources was improved by applying beneficial mutations identified in the best performing variants. However, transferring selectivity modulator residues from a novel aromatic ammonia-lyase to characterized PALs did not enhance their activity.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yannik Brack, Chenghai Sun, Dong Yi, Uwe T. Bornscheuer
Summary: p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a key precursor for flavonoid biosynthesis, and tyrosine ammonia lyases (TALs) catalyze the synthesis of p-CA from l-tyrosine. In this study, 875 putative TALs and 46 putative phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyases (PTALs) were analyzed, and 5 TALs and 3 PTALs were characterized and found to exhibit the proposed enzymatic activity. The TAL from Chryseobacterium luteum sp. nov (TAL(clu)) showed the highest affinity and conversion efficiency towards l-tyrosine. Optimization of reaction conditions resulted in p-CA yields of 2.03 g/L after 8 hours by TAL(clu) and 2.35 g/L after 24 hours by TAL from Rivularia sp. PCC 7116 (TAL(rpc)). These TALs are potential candidates for the production of flavonoid precursor p-CA using whole-cell systems.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Camilla Betti, Federica Della Rovere, Diego Piacentini, Laura Fattorini, Giuseppina Falasca, Maria Maddalena Altamura
Summary: In response to changing conditions, developmental and environmental signaling networks in plants often converge. Stress-induced hormones, such as JAs, play a crucial role in regulating growth by crosstalk with other signals. The activation of stem cells may be critical in triggering local changes in development in response to avoiding abiotic stress.
Article
Agronomy
Jiao Zhang, Ayesha Murtaza, Lijuan Zhu, Aamir Iqbal, Shinawar Waseem Ali, Xiaoyun Xu, Siyi Pan, Wanfeng Hu
Summary: The study found that high pressure CO2 treatment can effectively delay the lignification and browning of fresh-cut water bamboo shoots by suppressing enzyme activities and retaining moisture, thus maintaining their texture. Therefore, HPCD at appropriate pressure has the potential to preserve the quality of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables during storage.
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Bo-Feng Zhu, Yan Liu, Xiao-Qiong Pei, Zhong-Liu Wu
Summary: Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) can convert L-phenylalanine into trans-cinnamic acid, offering a way to produce optically pure amino acids. In this study, the catalytic functions of all five PALs in lettuce were investigated. Four of them, LsPAL1-LsPAL4, exhibited higher activity and thermal stability than LsPAL5, showing potential for use in biocatalysis with challenging substrates. The best PAL, LsPAL3, demonstrated excellent enantioselectivity and superior activity for various non-natural substrates.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pei-Yu Hong, Yi-Hao Huang, GiGi Chin Wen Lim, Yen-Po Chen, Che-Jen Hsiao, Li-Hsien Chen, Jhih-Ying Ciou, Lu-Sheng Hsieh
Summary: The study immobilized Bambusa oldhamii BoPAL1/2 proteins onto electrospun nanofibers and optimized the electrospinning parameters using response surface methodology, finding that eBoPAL2 exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency. The immobilized BoPAL proteins retained 75-83% activity after storage at 4°C for 30 days, showing significantly enhanced tolerance against denaturants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shreenivas Kumar Singh, Ankita Shree, Sandhya Verma, Kunal Singh, Kamal Kumar, Vikas Srivastava, Ritu Singh, Samiksha Saxena, Agam Prasad Singh, Ashutosh Pandey, Praveen Kumar Verma
Summary: This study identifies the effector protein ArPEC25 secreted by the necrotrophic fungus A. rabiei, which targets the host transcription factor Ca beta LIM1a to suppress the expression of CaPAL1 and modulate lignin biosynthesis. The findings reveal the mechanism by which fungal effectors enhance virulence by targeting key defense pathways.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kateryna Kukil, Pia Lindberg
Summary: This study focuses on the photosynthetic production of phenylpropanoids in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. By overexpressing different PAL enzymes and optimizing cultivation conditions, high titers of trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid were achieved.
MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dilara Maslennikova, Sergey Ivanov, Svetlana Petrova, Guzel Burkhanova, Igor Maksimov, Oksana Lastochkina
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on wheat seedling growth under normal and salinity conditions. It was found that exogenous NO contributed to the accumulation of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) and improved plant growth. Under salinity stress, pretreatment with NO activated the phenylpropanoid metabolism, thereby reducing the negative effects of salinity stress on plant growth.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Safoora Mariyam, Renu Bhardwaj, Nafees A. Khan, Shivendra V. Sahi, Chandra Shekhar Seth
Summary: Soil salinity is a global issue that limits plant growth and contributes to food crisis. Plants use coping strategies such as osmoregulation, ion-homeostasis, and increased antioxidant synthesis to deal with salt stress. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in salt stress-induced physiological plant responses, and its interaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has important implications for modulating plant transduction processes. Additionally, there is a connection between NO and calcium (Ca2+)-dependent pathways in salt stress response mechanisms.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zahir Shah Safari, Phebe Ding, Jaafar Juju Nakasha, Siti Fairuz Yusoff
Summary: Chitosan and vanillin have been shown to be able to substitute chemical fungicides to control tomato fruit rot, effectively extending the shelf life of tomatoes. Under experimental conditions, the combination of 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin performed the best, effectively inhibiting disease incidence and severity, maintaining enzyme activity in tomatoes, and prolonging storage time.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alina Filip, Zsofia Bata, Anca Elena Anghel, Laszlo Poppe, Bencze Laszlo Csaba
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of affinity tags on protein purification and investigated the effects of removing the affinity tag on the activity and thermostability of the target enzyme. The results showed that removing the affinity tag could increase the specific activity of PcPAL without significantly altering its thermostability.
STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABES-BOLYAI CHEMIA
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Nikoo Azad, Hassan Ebrahimzadeh, Mehrdad Behmanesh, Vahid Niknam
Summary: Given the health risks and environmental damages caused by synthetic herbicides and fertilizers, it is important to understand how plants respond to naturally derived bioactive substances. This study investigates the effects of certain benzoic acid derivatives on spearmint growth and the role of nitric oxide in alleviating growth inhibition. The results show that some phenolic acids inhibit growth while others stimulate growth and increase the accumulation of secondary metabolites.
JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Zoology
A. J. Cabrera-Hidalgo, E. Valadez-Moctezuma, A. G. Bustamante-Ortiz, M. Camacho-Tapia, N. Marban-Mendoza
Summary: The study found that Nacobbus aberrans induced changes in gene expression in the roots of tomato plants, which were closely related to the variations in expression of pathogenesis-related genes during the infection process. Following inoculation, the number of juveniles rapidly increased in tomato roots, leading to alterations in the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. The expression of pathogenesis-related genes varied at different time points post-inoculation, possibly due to the nematode's life cycle requirements and changing conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Monika Thakur, Harminder Singh, Jaspreet Kaur Rajput, Rupesh Kumar
Summary: In this study, a novel sunlight-active ternary magnetic nano-photocatalyst GCNI was fabricated and characterized. The efficacy of GCNI for RhB removal was investigated and the mechanism of dye removal and degradation was discovered. The results showed that GCNI had high efficiency in dye removal, easy magnetic separation, and excellent reusability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Pedro L. S. Uson, Douglas Riegert-Johnson, Lisa Boardman, John Kisiel, Luke Mountjoy, Neej Patel, Blanca Lizaola-Mayo, Mitesh J. Borad, Daniel Ahn, Mohamad B. Sonbol, Jeremy Jones, Jonathan A. Leighton, Suryakanth Gurudu, Harminder Singh, Margaret Klint, Katie L. Kunze, Michael A. Golafshar, Ed D. Esplin, Robert L. Nussbaum, A. Keith Stewart, Tanio S. Bekaii-Saab, Niloy Jewel Samadder
Summary: Hereditary factors play a role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study found that 15.5% of CRC patients had pathogenic germline variants (PGVs), with only 16% of patients undergoing family variant testing. The research also showed that genetic testing results led to changes in treatment for 10% of patients.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mansi Sharma, Kamaljit Grewal, Rupali Jandrotia, Daizy Rani Batish, Harminder Pal Singh, Ravinder Kumar Kohli
Summary: This review summarizes the interconnection between essential oils (EOs) and cancer treatment, including the chemical composition of EOs, their applications in cancer treatments, and the mechanism of action against cancer cell lines. Research indicates that the pharmacological applications of EOs are a rewarding research area.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Garrett G. R. J. Johnson, Olivia Hershorn, Harminder Singh, Jason Park, Ramzi M. Helewa
Summary: This study found a 22.6% rate of sampling errors in flexible sigmoidoscopy for colorectal cancer patients, leading to delays in surgical care. Following sampling errors, the time to surgery was 1.4 times longer compared to correct positive biopsies.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Olivia Hershorn, Jason Park, Harminder Singh, Kathleen Clouston, Ashley Vergis, Ramzi M. Helewa
Summary: A study conducted in a high-volume Canadian tertiary centre found that 29% of colorectal surgery patients required repeat preoperative endoscopy. Factors such as male sex, lesions located in the left colon, rectosigmoid, and rectum were associated with increased odds of undergoing repeat preoperative endoscopy. Tattooing suspicious lesions significantly reduced the likelihood of repeat preoperative endoscopy.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ikramjeet Maan, Amarpreet Kaur, Aditi Sharma, Harminder Pal Singh, Daizy R. Batish, Ravinder Kumar Kohli, Naresh Kumar Arora
Summary: Anthropogenic influences have a significant impact on the distribution and propagation of woody flora in urban environments. Understanding the differences between invasive and non-invasive species can enhance our knowledge of urban invasions. This study compared leaf litter decomposition between an invasive species, Broussonetia papyrifera, and a non-invasive species, Morus alba, in urban habitats. The faster decomposition rate of B. papyrifera contributes to its successful invasion in urban regions.
URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Reza Ehsanian, Arshad Ali, Harminder Singh, Stephen L. McKenna, Mariam N. Mian
Summary: This article reports a case of anterior neck pseudomeningocele caused by incidental durotomy, resulting in compression of the carotid body and syncopal episodes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kulwinder Kaur Mehal, Amarpreet Kaur, Harminder Pal Singh, Daizy R. Batish
Summary: The study found that aqueous extracts from the fresh foliage and leaf litter of Verbesina encelioides have allelopathic effects on co-occurring plant species, inhibiting their growth and photosynthetic processes. The extracts contain various allelochemicals, supporting the novel weapon hypothesis.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alpy Sharma, Sanjay Kr Uniyal, Daizy Rani Batish, Harminder P. Singh
Summary: The present study examined the fuelwood use and knowledge variations among the Bhangalis, a resident community in Chhota Bhangal, Himachal Pradesh. The findings revealed that the number of fuelwood species known by the Bhangalis was significantly different from the ones they actually used. The study also found variations in fuelwood knowledge based on gender, age, and family size.
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mariam Narous, Zoann Nugent, Harminder Singh, Charles N. Bernstein
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
M. Ellen Kuenzig, Eric I. Benchimol, Charles N. Bernstein, Alain Bitton, Matthew W. Carroll, Anne M. Griffiths, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Geoffrey C. Nguyen, Anthony R. Otley, Therese A. Stukel, Trevor J. B. Dummer, Wael El-Matary, Kevan Jacobson, Jennifer L. Jones, Lisa M. Lix, David R. Mack, Sanjay K. Murthy, Juan-Nicolas Pena-Sanchez, Laura E. Targownik, Stephen G. Fung, Sarah Spruin, Stephanie Coward, Yunsong Cui, Christopher Filliter, Zoann Nugent, Shabnaz Siddiq, Harminder Singh
Summary: This population-based study compared the risk of hospitalization with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in children with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The findings showed that children with IBD had a significantly higher incidence of CDI during hospitalization compared to children without IBD. Screening for CDI should be conducted for symptomatic children with IBD who are hospitalized.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Cattarin Theerawitaya, Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana, Rujira Tisarum, Thapanee Samphumphuang, Daonapa Chungloo, Harminder Pal Singh, Suriyan Cha-Um
Summary: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development, especially in rice production. This study investigated the morpho-physiological characteristics and expression level of nitrogen assimilation in different rice genotypes under different nitrogen conditions. The results showed that nitrogen deficiency inhibited rice seedling growth and reduced grain yield.
Article
Primary Health Care
Viola Antao, Roland Grad, Guylene Theriault, James A. Dickinson, Olga Szafran, Harminder Singh, Raphael Rezkallah, Earle Waugh, Neil R. Bell
CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
(2022)
Article
Primary Health Care
Viola Antao, Roland Grad, Guylene Theriault, James A. Dickinson, Olga Szafran, Harminder Singh, Raphael Rezkallah, Earle Waugh, Neil R. Bell
CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Shashi Pathania, Harminder Singh, Manpreet S. Mavi, Om P. Choudhary, Sanjula Sharma
Summary: This study evaluated the abiotic stress tolerance of different citrus rootstocks using the entropy weight method (EWM) and compared the results with other methods. The findings showed that EWM provided consistent results with the standard methods, suggesting its feasibility in crop tolerance assessment.
SPANISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Wanli You, Jinglin Zhang, Xueyin Ru, Feng Xu, Zhengguo Wu, Peng Jin, Yonghua Zheng, Shifeng Cao
Summary: This study investigated the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) treatment on GABA accumulation in fresh-cut cantaloupe and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that CaCl2 treatment increased GABA content and the activities of GAD and SSADH enzymes, while reducing glutamate content and GABA-T activity. Additionally, CaCl2 treatment upregulated the expressions of CmCML11 and CmCAMTA5, as well as several GABA shunt genes, through the transcriptional activation by CmCAMTA5. Furthermore, the interaction between CmCML11 and CmCAMTA5 enhanced the transcriptional activation of GABA shunt genes. Overall, this study reveals that CaCl2 treatment promotes GABA accumulation in fresh-cut cantaloupe through the combined effect of CmCML11 and CmCAMTA5 in regulating the expressions of GABA shunt genes.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Min Wang, Yupeng Wang, Xiaohui Wang, Guangwei Wei, Huiyi Yang, Xi Yang, Tinghai Shen, Huijie Qu, Sheng Fang, Ziming Wu
Summary: This study identified the high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) black sesame variety 17-156 and analyzed its underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. The results showed that 17-156 possesses a sophisticated nitrogen metabolizing machinery to uptake and assimilate higher quantities of inorganic nitrogen, simultaneously improving carbon metabolism and growth. Many important genes were up-regulated in 17-156 under high nitrogen condition. Additionally, 38 potential candidate genes were identified for future studies to improve sesame's NUE. These findings provide valuable resources for understanding the regulatory network of nitrogen metabolism and developing sesame cultivars with improved NUE.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
He Dong, Chongmei Xu, Chengtao Zhang, Li Zhang, Yaqin Yao, Suiqi Zhang
Summary: The study found that short cells in maize leaves not only improve leaf mechanical support and photosynthetic performance, enhance drought resistance, but also participate in stomatal regulation.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Na Liu, Wenyan Shang, Mengxin Guan, Jibin Xiao, Guangxiang Tian, Baozhan Ma, Wenjing Shang, Xu Li, Shijia Zhao, Chuang Li, Kun Cheng, Wenming Zheng
Summary: This study cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of TaSPX3 gene in wheat and found that TaSPX3 responds to low phosphorus stress in multiple wheat genotypes. Overexpressing TaSPX3 can alleviate phosphorus deficiency symptoms and promote plant growth in Arabidopsis. The study also revealed the interaction of TaSPX3 with other genes related to the phosphorus starvation signaling pathway.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kongyuan Wu, Lizhen Wang, Zihan Wu, Ziqing Liu, Zengfei Li, Jun Shen, Shengjie Shi, Hong Liu, Christopher Rensing, Renwei Feng
Summary: Selenium (Se) can reduce uptake and translocation of cadmium (Cd) in plants by regulating root morphology. This study investigated the effects of Se(IV) on root exudates, root morphology, root endogenous hormones, and Cd uptake efficiency in rice under Cd stress. The results showed that Se(IV) significantly reduced Cd concentrations in shoots and roots, and decreased Cd uptake efficiency via root hairs. Se(IV) also affected root morphology, root exudates, and the synthesis of hormones like IAA and JA. However, transcriptome analysis revealed no upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in IAA synthesis.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Di Wang, Huaifang Zhang, Xuefei Hu, Haizhen Zhang, Shuang Feng, Aimin Zhou
Summary: This study identified a cell number regulator gene called SlCNR8 in willow, which enhances resistance to trace metals in transgenic poplar seedlings. SlCNR8 reduces Cd uptake and accumulation, and can be used as a candidate gene for genetic improvement of phytostabilisation of trace metals.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
