Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Louis-Hippolyte Minvielle Moncla, Mewen Briend, Yohan Bosse, Patrick Mathieu
Summary: This review summarizes the risk factors, genetics, and molecular mechanisms involved in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and their implications for treatment. CAVD is the most common disorder affecting heart valves, characterized by thickening, fibrosis, and mineralization of the aortic valve leaflets. Age and congenital bicuspid aortic valve morphology are important and unalterable risk factors, while elevated blood pressure, plasma lipoprotein(a) levels, obesity, and diabetes mellitus contribute additional risk.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaohua Zhu, Linjie Yang, Xu Han, Chen Huang, Tingju Wei, Gongcheng Huang, Liliang Shu, Jing Xu
Summary: This study analyzed the crucial role of oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) in the progression of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) involving activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Differentially expressed genes related to CAVD were identified using bioinformatics analysis. High expression of ATF4 was observed in aortic valve tissues and osteogenic induction medium (OIM)-induced valvular interstitial cells (VICs). Knockdown of ATF4 alleviated osteogenic differentiation of VICs and arrested aortic valve calcification (AVC) in vivo. OxPL promoted M1 polarization of macrophages and mediated osteogenic differentiation of VICs by up-regulating ATF4 expression through the PERK/eIF2a pathway. In conclusion, OxPL potentially up-regulates ATF4 expression, induces M1 polarization of macrophages, osteogenic differentiation of VICs, and accelerates the progression of CAVD.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Petra Buettner, Lukas Feistner, Philipp Lurz, Holger Thiele, Joshua D. Hutcheson, Florian Schlotter
Summary: Calcific aortic valve disease is a common and progressive disorder that leads to valve dysfunction due to calcification and fibrosis. Significant advances have been made in understanding the complex mechanisms involved, but further clarification is needed on the interplay between fibrosis and calcification.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Manon Meerman, Rob Driessen, Nicole C. A. van Engeland, Irith Bergsma, Jacco L. G. Steenhuijsen, David Kozono, Elena Aikawa, Jesper Hjortnaes, Carlijn V. C. Bouten
Summary: The study demonstrates that radiation exposure enhances the calcific response in VICs, contributing to the development of valvular disease. High radiation exposure induces the differentiation of VICs into terminally differentiated giant-cell fibroblasts. Further research is needed to uncover the underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced valvular changes.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Nicolas Gendron, Mickael Rosa, Adeline Blandinieres, Yoann Sottejeau, Elisa Rossi, Eric Van Belle, Salim Idelcadi, Severine Lecourt, Andre Vincentelli, Audrey Cras, Ramadan Jashari, Richard Chocron, Yael Baudouin, Thibault Pamart, Ivan Bieche, Nathalie Nevo, Bernard Cholley, Jeanne Rancic, Bart Staels, Pascale Gaussem, Annabelle Dupont, Alain Carpentier, Sophie Susen, David M. Smadja
Summary: The study demonstrated that human VICs isolated from patients with calcific aortic valve disease have the potential to participate in aortic valve angiogenesis by differentiating into perivascular cells and exerting paracrine effects of VEGF-A. These findings suggest a novel function of VICs in valve vascularization during calcific aortic valve disease and highlight the importance of targeting perivascular differentiation and VEGF-A in slowing disease progression.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Radhika Adhikari, Saugat Shiwakoti, Ju-Young Ko, Bikalpa Dhakal, Sin-Hee Park, Ik Jun Choi, Hyun Jung Kim, Min-Ho Oak
Summary: Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a common heart valvular disease characterized by thickening and calcification of the aortic valve, which can lead to heart failure. Oxidative stress has been identified as a major factor in the development of CAVS, and natural antioxidants may have a protective effect against this disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andreas Weber, Melissa Pfaff, Friederike Schoettler, Vera Schmidt, Artur Lichtenberg, Payam Akhyari
Summary: The hallmarks of CAVD involve significant changes in the extracellular matrix of the aortic valve, with most research based on cell culture or artificial environments, while an in vitro tissue culture model was developed to study cellular responses underlying CAVD more closely mimicking natural conditions.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Subramanian Dharmarajan, Mei Y. Speer, Kate Pierce, Jake Lally, Elizabeth M. Leaf, Mu-En Lin, Marta Scatena, Cecilia M. Giachelli
Summary: In this study, it was found that aVICs and sinus wall cells give rise to Runx2+ osteochondrogenic cells in diseased mouse aortic valves. Conditional depletion of Runx2 in specific cells led to decreased osteochondrogenic gene expression and improved aortic valve function in a mouse model of CAVD with high prevalence of hemodynamic valve dysfunction. Leaflet hinge and sinus wall calcification were significantly decreased following Runx2 depletion, suggesting a potential causal role in valve dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Suya Wang, William T. Pu
Summary: Valve replacement is currently the only treatment for calcific aortic valve disease, but research on genetic forms of the disease and machine learning-driven compound screens offer promising potential for disease management.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Panteleimon Pantelidis, Evangelos Oikonomou, Stamatios Lampsas, Georgios E. Zakynthinos, Antonios Lysandrou, Konstantinos Kalogeras, Efstratios Katsianos, Panagiotis Theofilis, Gerasimos Siasos, Michael Andrew Vavuranakis, Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Manolis Vavouranakis
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). The findings suggest a relationship between Lp(a) and CAVD, particularly in younger populations, with evidence of early aortic valve micro-calcification in individuals with elevated Lp(a) levels. Genetic data analysis further revealed that certain genetic variants were associated with higher risk for CAVD. Additionally, high Lp(a) levels were associated with faster progression of aortic valve stenosis and increased risk of adverse outcomes, including death.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Melissa Mendoza, Mei-Hsiu Chen, Peter Huang, Gretchen J. Mahler
Summary: A three-dimensional microfluidic device was developed to simulate the characteristics of calcific aortic valve disease. The presence of high shear stress and endothelial cells was found to contribute to the formation of calcified nodules.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Amer Youssef, Justin R. Clark, Marlys L. Koschinsky, Michael B. Boffa
Summary: Elevated levels of Lp(a) are identified as a significant risk factor in ASCVD and CAVD, particularly in the pathogenesis of CAVD. Current treatments mainly involve surgery or transcatheter interventions, but therapies that lower Lp(a) effectively may offer the first medical treatment to halt AS progression.
TRENDS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Robin Tuscher, Alex Khang, Toni M. West, Chiara Camillo, Giovanni Ferrari, Michael S. Sacks
Summary: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a progressive disease characterized by stiffening of the aortic valve tissues. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital defect which leads to earlier development of CAVD. Surgical replacement is the current treatment for CAVD, but no pharmaceutical therapies or alternative treatments are available. This study aims to understand the biophysical changes in aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) in different CAVD states.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Jiahui Hu, Hao Lei, Leiling Liu, Danyan Xu
Summary: Calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a common valvular cardiovascular disease with a lack of effective drug treatment. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) has been found to play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of CAVD, but clinical trials with Lp(a) reduction as a primary endpoint are still lacking.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ishita Tandon, Kyle P. Quinn, Kartik Balachandran
Summary: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease, with surgical valve replacement being the current treatment standard. There is a pressing need for novel diagnostic techniques and biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of disease progression, as well as non-destructive tools for longitudinal assessment of disease initiation and progression.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Trisha Singh, Shruti Joshi, Lucy E. Kershaw, Marc R. Dweck, Scott Semple, David E. Newby
Summary: Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a surrogate marker for cellular calcium handling and offers exciting potential for improving cardiac diagnoses and providing noninvasive measurement of myocardial function. It can detect abnormal myocardial calcium handling and differentiate between infarcted and viable myocardium, making it valuable for assessing both ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Evangelos Tzolos, Rong Bing, Jack Andrews, Mark G. MacAskill, Adriana A. S. Tavares, Gillian Macnaught, Tim Clark, Nicholas L. Mills, Takeshi Fujisawa, Jennifer Nash, Damini Dey, Piotr J. Slomka, Norman Koglin, Andrew W. Stephens, Marcus-Andre Deutsch, Edwin J. R. van Beek, Michelle C. Williams, Sven Hermann, Verena Hugenberg, Marc R. Dweck, David E. Newby
Summary: This study aimed to noninvasively detect in vivo thrombus formation in human coronary arteries using 18F-GP1 radiotracer through positron emission tomographic (PET) and computed tomographic (CT) imaging. The study found that coronary 18F-GP1 uptake was apparent in patients with acute myocardial infarction, which has the potential to inform the diagnosis, management, and treatment of these patients.
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anna K. Barton, Evangelos Tzolos, Rong Bing, Trisha Singh, Wolfgang Weber, Markus Schwaiger, Zohreh Varasteh, Riemer H. J. A. Slart, David E. Newby, Marc R. Dweck
Summary: Myocardial fibrosis is a common healing response to heart injury, but it can become maladaptive and lead to adverse outcomes. Current imaging techniques lack specificity in detecting established fibrosis, but novel molecular imaging methods like Ga-68-FAPI PET may provide highly specific imaging of fibrosis activity. These methods can improve early detection, differentiation of disease stages, and assessment of disease progression and treatment response.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hao Xu, Steven E. Williams, Michelle C. Williams, David E. Newby, Jonathan Taylor, Radhouene Neji, Karl P. Kunze, Steven A. Niederer, Alistair A. Young
Summary: This study aims to develop a deep learning neural network for the estimation of 3D left atrial shape, volume, and surface area from two-chamber and four-chamber views. The network achieved excellent 3D shape reconstruction and showed higher accuracy and robustness compared to the bi-plane area-length method for both volume and surface area estimation.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jacek Kwiecinski, Maciej Dabrowski, Luis Nombela-Franco, Kajetan Grodecki, Konrad Pieszko, Zbigniew Chmielak, Anna Pylko, Breda Hennessey, Lukasz Kalinczuk, Gabriela Tirado-Conte, Bartosz Rymuza, Janusz Kochman, Maksymilian P. Opolski, Zenon Huczek, Marc R. Dweck, Damini Dey, Pilar Jimenez-Quevedo, Piotr Slomka, Adam Witkowski
Summary: This study aimed to predict adverse events in mid-term follow-up after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using a machine learning model. The model was trained and tested using clinical data and showed accurate prediction of 1-year all-cause mortality in patients who underwent TAVI and were discharged following the index procedure.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-QUALITY OF CARE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael McDermott, David E. Newby
Summary: In this study, Fuchs et al. analyzed the outcomes of 9533 adults who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography. The unique data provided by this study on the natural history of coronary artery disease will be valuable for informing prevention strategies.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Trisha Singh, David E. Newby
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shruti S. Joshi, Trisha Singh, Lucy E. Kershaw, Fraser W. Gibb, Marc R. Dweck, Michelle Williams, Iskandar Idris, Scott Semple, Shareen Forbes, David E. Newby, Rebecca M. Reynolds
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the use of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to assess functional pancreatic beta-cell mass in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The results showed a significant decrease in pancreatic manganese uptake in patients with diabetes, which correlated strongly with plasma C-peptide concentrations. This study provides a potential non-invasive method for measuring functional beta-cell mass in type 1 diabetes patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jin Kyung Oh, Mylene Shen, Ezequiel Guzzetti, Lionel Tastet, Krithika Loganath, Simona Botezatu, Seung-Ah Lee, Sahmin Lee, Dae-Hee Kim, Jong-Min Song, Duk-Hyun Kang, Marc R. Dweck, Philippe Pibarot, Marie-Annick Clavel, Jae-Kwan Song
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of racial difference (Asians vs Caucasians) on the clinical usefulness of pressure recovery (PR) adjustment for preventing discordant aortic stenosis (AS) grading in patients with severe AS. The study found that PR adjustment could reduce the frequency of discordant grading in patients with AS, regardless of race, and may be useful for reconciling AS grading.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Samuel Debono, Jennifer Nash, Alexander J. Fletcher, Maaz Syed, Edwin J. R. van Beek, Michelle Claire Williams, Orwa Falah, Andrew Tambyraja, Marc R. Dweck, David E. Newby, Rachael O. Forsythe
Summary: This study aimed to compare aortic sodium [F-18]fluoride uptake before and after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. The results showed that EVAR can reduce sodium [F-18]fluoride uptake in the stented aortic segment, suggesting that it can modify aortic disease activity. Aortic sodium [F-18]fluoride uptake is a promising non-invasive measure of aneurysm disease activity.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ivan Stankovic, Marc R. Dweck
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Patrycja Molek-Dziadosz, Aleksandra Karcinska, Marc R. Dweck, Jadwiga Nessler, Karolina Golinska-Grzybala, Andrzej Gackowski
KARDIOLOGIA POLSKA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kin Ki Jim, Joelle J. N. Daems, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Karin van Dijk
Summary: Candida infective endocarditis is a rare and serious condition that is difficult to treat, especially in patients with drug-resistant fungi and comorbidities. Treatment guidelines for these patients are based on limited clinical data due to their rarity. A case of Nakaseomyces glabrata prosthetic valve endocarditis in a patient with congenital heart disease highlights the therapeutic dilemma and the need for novel antifungal drugs and further clinical studies.
MEDICAL MYCOLOGY CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jordan M. Kraaijenhof, Tycho R. Tromp, Nick S. Nurmohamed, Laurens F. Reeskamp, Marije Langenkamp, Johannes H. M. Levels, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Nicholas J. Wareham, Menno Hoekstra, Erik S. G. Stroes, G. Kees Hovingh, Aldo Grefhorst
Summary: The study found that while ANGPTL3 predominantly resides on HDL, its activity is highest when bound to LDL particles.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. F. P. Beemsterboer, L. A. Rinkel, V. Guglielmi, N. -S. Groeneveld, N. H. J. Lobe, S. M. Boekholdt, B. J. Bouma, F. F. Muller, L. F. M. Beenen, H. A. Marquering, C. B. L. M. Majoie, Y. B. W. E. M. Roos, A. van Randen, R. N. Planken, J. M. Coutinho
Summary: This observational pilot study found that cardiac thrombi can dissolve within days of ischemic stroke occurrence, with or without thrombolysis treatment.