Journal
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
Volume 132, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.227694
Keywords
Bacterial mechanosensing; Rotating flagella; Retraction of type-IV pili; Envelope proteins
Categories
Funding
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation [GORDON17I0]
- National Science Foundation (Biomechanics and Mechanobiology
- Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation) [1727544]
- National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) [1R01AI121500-01A1]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1727544] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Whether bacteria are in the planktonic state, free-swimming or free-floating in liquid, or in the biofilm state, sessile on surfaces, they are always subject to mechanical forces. The long, successful evolutionary history of bacteria implies that they are capable of adapting to varied mechanical forces, and probably even actively respond to mechanical cues in their changing environments. However, the sensing of mechanical cues by bacteria, or bacterial mechanosensing, has been under-investigated. This leaves the mechanisms underlying how bacteria perceive and respond to mechanical cues largely unknown. In this Review, we first examine the surface-associated behavior of bacteria, outline the clear evidence for bacterial mechanosensing and summarize the role of flagella, type-IV pili, and envelope proteins as potential mechanosensors, before presenting indirect evidence for mechanosensing in bacteria. The general themes underlying bacterial mechanosensing that we highlight here may provide a framework for future research.
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