Deoxynivalenol: insights on genetics, analytical methods and occurrence

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated derivatives are type B trichothecene mycotoxins, primarily produced by lineages within the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC). F. graminearum sensu stricto is considered one of the most important fungal pathogens associated with Fusarium Head Blight, compromising grain quality and producing high levels of type B trichothecenes in infested crops. Previous reports have shown high worldwide incidence of DON and its derivatives in cereals and other cereal-based products; therefore, constant monitoring is warranted to assess human exposure to these toxins and to evaluate the risks of DON contamination. Considering the importance of this subject, this review reports the genetic differences in trichothecene production by the FGSC chemotypes, analytical methods employed for DON analysis and the impact of this mycotoxin in cereals.