Article
Clinical Neurology
Nils Skajaa, Kasper Adelborg, Erzsebet Horvath-Puho, Kenneth J. Rothman, Victor W. Henderson, Lau Casper Thygesen, Henrik Toft Sorensen
Summary: The study found that the incidence of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage remained steady in younger adults from 2005 to 2018, while dropping in older adults, especially those over 70 years of age. Stroke mortality also decreased during this period, largely due to declines in mortality after severe strokes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Olfa Khalfallah, Susana Barbosa, Emanuela Martinuzzi, Laetitia Davidovic, Robert Yolken, Nicolas Glaichenhaus
Summary: Most researchers in immunopsychiatry agree that severe psychiatric disorders are linked to inflammation and changes in immune variables. However, the field is facing a replication crisis due to lack of reproducibility. Current studies focus on immune variables in blood and discuss analytical methods and overlooked methodological issues.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kasper Jorgensen, T. Rune Nielsen, Ann Nielsen, Gunhild Waldemar
Summary: According to previous estimates, 40% of dementia cases globally could be attributed to 12 potentially modifiable risk factors. We calculated national population attributable fractions (PAFs) for each risk factor and modeled the effects of proportional reductions in risk factor prevalence on dementia prevalence by calculating potential impact fractions (PIFs) for each factor. The overall adjusted PAF for all risk factors was 35.2%. Physical inactivity, hearing loss, hypertension, and obesity accounted for 64% of the total prevention potential. The overall adjusted PIF was 4.1% at 10% risk factor prevalence reduction and 8.1% at 20% risk factor reduction.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Valerie Fernandez, Sharia M. Ahmed, Michael C. Graves, Melissa A. Pender, Holly Shoemaker, Holly Birich, Jakrapun Pupaibool, L. Scott Benson, Daniel T. Leung
Summary: Despite knowledge on the causes and prevention strategies for travelers' diarrhea, it continues to be common among international travelers from the United States. This study found that visiting Southeast Asian and African regions, traveling in larger groups, longer trip duration, visiting both urban and rural destinations, and taking medications/supplements to prevent TD were associated with an increased risk of reporting TD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Mathias Geldermann Holgersen, Theo W. Jensen, Niklas Breindahl, Julie L. B. Kjerulff, Sara H. Breindahl, Stig Nikolaj Fasmer Blomberg, Signe Amalie Wolthers, Lars Bredevang Andersen, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Soren Mikkelsen, Freddy Lippert, Helle Collatz Christensen
Summary: This study investigated the incidence, reversible causes, and survival rates of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (POHCA) in Denmark. The results showed that POHCA is a rare event, with higher incidence and mortality in infants compared to other age groups of children. Hypoxia was found to be the most common presumed cause among all age groups.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA RESUSCITATION & EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jane D. Ray, Siti Subandiyah, Vivian A. Rincon-Florez, Ady B. Prakoso, Lilia C. Carvalhais, Andre Drenth
Summary: Blood disease of banana, caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis, is a vascular wilt that has economic significance in Indonesia and Malaysia. This study confirms that Cavendish and Kepok 'Kuning' banana varieties are susceptible to Blood disease, and the infection occurs through various parts of the banana inflorescence.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sami Lee, Haeng-Jin Lee, Kyoung Geun Lee, Jihan Kim
Summary: The prevalence of both obesity and myopia are increasing in Korean children and adolescents. This study found an association between obesity in childhood and adolescence and high myopia. Being overweight in girls was also found to be associated with high myopia. Therefore, efforts to maintain a healthy weight during childhood and adolescence are of great importance.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anton L. Martinez, Jose Brea, Sara Rico, Maria Teresa de los Frailes, Maria Isabel Loza
Summary: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized by positive and negative symptoms, as well as cognitive deficits. The lack of effective treatments for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is mainly due to its complex etiology, and recent research suggests that personalized treatments combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures are important for improving outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Liliana Laskaris, Sam Mancuso, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Andrew Zalesky, Gursharan Chana, Cassandra Wannan, Chad Bousman, Bernhard T. Baune, Patrick McGorry, Christos Pantelis, Vanessa L. Cropley
Summary: The study found differential relationships between peripheral inflammatory markers and select brain regions in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and healthy controls, although no relationships were detected in chronic schizophrenia. Specifically, frontal thickness was positively associated with certain cytokine levels in the healthy control group, while pro-inflammatory cytokines were associated with lower total cortical volume in the FEP group. Longitudinal investigations are needed to determine how the relationship between brain structure and peripheral inflammation may change over time.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lin Zhou, Tian Wang, Yawen Yu, Mingan Li, Xiaohui Sun, Wenhao Song, Yunjie Wang, Ce Zhang, Fenghua Fu
Summary: Approximately one in three ischemic stroke survivors suffer from post-stroke depression (PSD), which affects functional rehabilitation and quality of life. This study focuses on the stroke-induced hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its role in PSD. The review summarizes possible etiologies of PSD, including stress and proinflammatory cytokines release, and discusses the effects of HPA axis hyperactivity on specific brain structures, enzymes expression, excitotoxicity, intestinal permeability, microglial activation, neuroendocrine regulation, inflammation, and therapy options.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Tina Bech Olesen, Ina Trolle Andersen, Anne Gulbech Ording, Vera Ehrenstein, Anouchka Seesaghur, Carsten Helleberg, Trine Silkjaer, Rohini K. Hernandez, Daniela Niepel, Niels Abildgaard
Summary: The use of bisphosphonates in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in Denmark was influenced by the presence of myeloma bone disease and severity of renal impairment. A proportion of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients did not receive bisphosphonate treatment, suggesting a potential unmet need.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Wenhua He, Gang Wang, Bingjun Yu, Liang Xia, Yong Zhu, Pi Liu, Hua Chen, Rui Kong, Yin Zhu, Bei Sun, Nonghua Lu
Summary: This study observed the annual variation in the etiology of acute pancreatitis (AP) and its relationship with seasons and festivals. The top three etiologies of AP were gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), and alcohol. Gallstone AP showed a downward trend, while HTG-AP and alcohol AP showed an upward trend. Seasons and festivals influenced the etiology of AP, particularly affecting gallstones and HTG. The composition ratio of HTG-AP increased, while gallstone AP decreased in the past 7 years.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Gianluigi Ardissino, Chiara Vignati, Carla Masia, Valentina Capone, Rosaria Colombo, Francesca Tel, Laura Daprai, Sara Testa, Antonella Dodaro, Fabio Paglialonga, Mario Luini, Maurizio Brigotti, Damiano Picicco, Carlo Baldioli, Franca Pagani, Rossella Ceruti, Paola Tommasi, Ilaria Possenti, Donata Cresseri, Dario Consonni, Giovanni Montini, Milena Arghittu
Summary: An enhanced laboratory-surveillance protocol for bloody diarrhea was effective in identifying children with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection early, leading to early detection and management of patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Thomas N. N. Nissen, Catherine Rechnitzer, Birgitte K. K. Albertsen, Lotte Borgwardt, Vibeke B. B. Christensen, Eva Fallentin, Henrik Hasle, Lars S. S. Johansen, Lisa L. L. Maroun, Karin B. B. Nissen, Allan Rasmussen, Mathias Rathe, Steen Rosthoj, Nicolai A. A. Schultz, Peder S. S. Wehner, Marianne H. H. Jorgensen, Jesper Brok
Summary: This study reports the incidence, outcomes, and long-term adverse events of malignant liver tumors in Danish children over the past 35 years. The overall incidence of liver tumors in Danish children was approximately 2.29 per 1 million children per year, with hepatoblastoma being the most common tumor. The overall 5-year survival rate was 84% and 78% for hepatoblastomas and hepatocellular carcinomas, respectively, with age≥8 years being the most significant factor associated with a poorer prognosis. Adverse events included reduced renal and cardiac function, as well as impaired hearing function, affecting a significant number of patients.
Article
Psychiatry
Bharathi S. Gadad, Javier Vargas-Medrano, Enrique Ivan Ramos, Katherine Najera, Matthew Fagan, Angelica Forero, Peter M. Thompson
Summary: This study found significant correlations of IL-6 and GDNF between brain and CSF, and IL-6 between brain and plasma, suggesting blood IL-6, GDNF and BDNF could be potential peripheral biomarkers associated with mood disorders, substance disorders, and suicide.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Mette Falkenberg Krantz, Carsten Hjorthoj, Julie Marie Brandt, Asa Kremer Prosch, Sinnika Birkehoj Rohd, Martin Wilms, Lotte Veddum, Nanna Lawaetz Steffensen, Christina Bruun Knudsen, Anna Krogh Andreasen, Henriette Stadsgaard, Nicoline Hemager, Birgitte Klee Burton, Maja Gregersen, Anne Sondergaard, Aja Greve, Ditte Lou Gantriis, Marianne Melau, Jessica Ohland, Preben Bo Mortensen, Vibeke Bliksted, Ole Mors, Anne A. E. Thorup, Merete Nordentoft
Summary: Children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have lower levels of stimulation and support in their homes, and are more likely to live in inadequate environments.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie Raymann, Sina M. Schalbetter, Ron Schaer, Alexandra C. Bernhardt, Flavia S. Mueller, Urs Meyer, Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer
Summary: Prenatal immune activation can have transgenerational effects on brain and behavior, affecting cognitive functions and gene expression patterns across multiple generations. These effects are found to be transmitted through both maternal and paternal lineages and are accompanied by changes in maternal care behavior.
Article
Psychiatry
Isabell Brikell, Theresa Wimberley, Clara Albinana, Bjarni Johann Vilhjalmsson, Esben Agerbo, Anders D. Borglum, Ditte Demontis, Andrew J. Schork, Sonja LaBianca, Thomas Werge, David M. Hougaard, Merete Nordentoft, Ole Mors, Preben Bo Mortensen, Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen, Soren Dalsgaard
Summary: This study investigated the associations, confounding, and interactions between ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and other risk factors. The results showed that ADHD PRS was associated with certain birth-related, somatic, and psychosocial risk factors, but there was limited evidence of gene-environment interaction and minimal influence of ADHD PRS and family psychiatric history on ADHD risk factor associations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Maria K. Christensen, John J. McGrath, Natalie Momen, Nanna Weye, Esben Agerbo, Carsten Bocker Pedersen, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll, Kim M. Iburg
Summary: The aim of this study was to estimate the annual healthcare cost for individuals with a mental disorder who also have comorbid mental and somatic disorders. The study found that the annual healthcare cost per case was higher for individuals with a greater number of comorbid mental and somatic disorders, but the nationwide annual cost was lower.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Felisa Herrero, Flavia S. Mueller, Joel Gruchot, Patrick Kuery, Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer, Urs Meyer
Summary: This study suggests that maternal immune activation (MIA), an environmental risk factor, can lead to altered expression of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which may be associated with the development of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Joel Gruchot, Felisa Herrero, Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer, Urs Meyer, Patrick Kuery
Summary: Human endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are retroviral elements integrated into our genome through germline infections and insertions, and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various disorders, particularly those affecting the central nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that the induction and expression of ERVs are associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, and a common factor in these disorders is the presence of chronic inflammation. This review discusses the bidirectional relationship between ERV expression and inflammation, and identifies several pathways that contribute to this relationship.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Sussie Antonsen, Esben Agerbo, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, Camilla Geels, Lise M. Frohn, Jesper H. Christensen, Torben Sigsgaard, Jurgen Brandt, Carsten B. Pedersen
Summary: This study found significant associations between natural cause mortality and sulfate particles (SO4--) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in PM2.5. Additionally, elemental carbon and mineral dust were found to be strongly associated with higher respiratory and lung cancer mortality.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ditte Demontis, G. Bragi Walters, Georgios Athanasiadis, Raymond Walters, Karen Therrien, Trine Tollerup Nielsen, Leila Farajzadeh, Georgios Voloudakis, Jaroslav Bendl, Biau Zeng, Wen Zhang, Jakob Grove, Thomas D. Als, Jinjie Duan, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Marie Baekved-Hansen, Olafur O. Gudmundsson, Sigurdur H. Magnusson, Gisli Baldursson, Katrin Davidsdottir, Gyda S. Haraldsdottir, Esben Agerbo, Gabriel E. Hoffman, Soren Dalsgaard, Joanna Martin, Marta Ribases, Dorret Boomsma, Maria Soler Artigas, Nina Roth Mota, Daniel Howrigan, Sarah E. Medland, Tetyana Zayats, Veera M. Rajagopal, Merete Nordentoft, Ole Mors, David M. Hougaard, Preben Bo Mortensen, Mark J. Daly, Stephen Faraone, Hreinn Stefansson, Panos Roussos, Barbara Franke, Thomas Werge, Benjamin M. Neale, Kari Stefansson, Anders D. Borglum
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on ADHD and identified 27 significant genetic loci associated with ADHD. They also found that these loci were enriched with genes involved in early brain development. Moreover, they discovered an increased load of rare protein-truncating variants in ADHD, implicating SORCS3 as a potential gene involved in ADHD.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Veera M. Rajagopal, Andrea Ganna, Jonathan R. Coleman, Andrea Allegrini, Georgios Voloudakis, Jakob Grove, Thomas D. Als, Henriette T. Horsdal, Liselotte Petersen, Vivek Appadurai, Andrew Schork, Alfonso Buil, Cynthia M. Bulik, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Marie Baekvad-Hansen, David M. Hougaard, Ole Mors, Merete Nordentoft, Thomas Werge, Preben Bo Mortensen, Gerome Breen, Panos Roussos, Robert Plomin, Esben Agerbo, Anders D. Borglum, Ditte Demontis
Summary: Individuals with psychiatric disorders show cognitive differences compared to the general population, which can be observed early in school performance and are genetically influenced. A genome-wide association study revealed a strong negative correlation between math performance and risk for most psychiatric disorders, while language performance correlated positively with risk for certain disorders, especially schizophrenia. Furthermore, genetic variants related to schizophrenia risk and better language performance are more common in individuals involved in creative professions compared to the general population. These findings suggest a potential genetic overlap between language ability, creativity, and psychopathology.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Correction
Genetics & Heredity
Ditte Demontis, G. Bragi Walters, Georgios Athanasiadis, Raymond Walters, Karen Therrien, Trine Tollerup Nielsen, Leila Farajzadeh, Georgios Voloudakis, Jaroslav Bendl, Biau Zeng, Wen Zhang, Jakob Grove, Thomas D. Als, Jinjie Duan, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Marie H. Baekved-Hansen, Olafur Gudmundsson, Sigurdur Magnusson, Gisli Baldursson, Katrin C. Davidsdottir, Gyda Haraldsdottir, Esben Agerbo, Gabriel M. Hoffman, Soren Dalsgaard, Jonna Martin, Marta Ribases, Dorret H. Boomsma, Maria Soler Artigas, Nina Roth Mota, Daniel Howrigan, Sarah J. Medland, Tetyana J. Zayats, Veera Rajagopal, Merete Nordentoft, Ole Mors, David M. Hougaard, Preben Bo Mortensen, Mark J. Daly, Stephen V. Faraone, Hreinn Stefansson, Panos Roussos, Barbara Franke, Thomas Werge, Benjamin M. Neale, Kari Stefansson, Anders D. Borglum
Article
Psychiatry
Benedicte M. W. Johannsen, Janne Tidselbak Larsen, Xiaoqin Liu, Kathrine Bang Madsen, Merete Lund Maegbaek, Clara Albinana, Veerle Bergink, Thomas M. Laursen, Bodil H. Bech, Preben Bo Mortensen, Merete Nordentoft, Anders D. Borglum, Thomas Werge, David M. Hougaard, Esben Agerbo, Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen, Trine Munk-Olsen
Summary: This study examines the relative and absolute risks of postpartum psychiatric episodes (PPE) and their association with personal factors and genetic liability. The results suggest that personal and family psychiatric history, as well as age, can aid in estimating the individual risk of PPE, and genetic liability may further increase this risk.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anina S. von Arx, Kara Dawson, Han-Yu Lin, Daniele Mattei, Tina Notter, Urs Meyer, Sina M. Schalbetter
Summary: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the brain plays an important role in cognitive processes and matures throughout adolescence to early adulthood. Recent research using a mouse model shows that microglia, a type of brain cell, contribute to the maturation of the PFC in males. This study aimed to investigate whether microglia have a similar role in the maturation of the female PFC. The findings demonstrate that transient depletion of microglia during a specific window of adolescence disrupts cognitive functions and synaptic structures in the female PFC.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas D. D. Als, Mitja I. I. Kurki, Jakob Grove, Georgios Voloudakis, Karen Therrien, Elisa Tasanko, Trine Tollerup Nielsen, Joonas Naamanka, Kumar Veerapen, Daniel F. F. Levey, Jaroslav Bendl, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Biao Zeng, Ditte Demontis, Anders Rosengren, Georgios Athanasiadis, Marie Baekved-Hansen, Per Qvist, G. Bragi Walters, Thorgeir Thorgeirsson, Hreinn Stefansson, Katherine L. L. Musliner, Veera M. M. Rajagopal, Leila Farajzadeh, Janne Thirstrup, Bjarni J. J. Vilhjalmsson, John J. J. McGrath, Manuel Mattheisen, Sandra Meier, Esben Agerbo, Kari Stefansson, Merete Nordentoft, Thomas Werge, David M. M. Hougaard, Preben B. B. Mortensen, Murray B. B. Stein, Joel Gelernter, Iiris Hovatta, Panos Roussos, Mark J. J. Daly, Ole Mors, Aarno Palotie, Anders D. D. Borglum
Summary: This study conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis and identified 243 risk loci associated with depression in a large population. It revealed that depression is highly polygenic and also shares genetic risk with other psychiatric disorders, while influencing educational attainment and complex cognition domains. The analysis also demonstrated distinct polygenic architectures and significantly increased absolute risks for recurrence and psychiatric comorbidity among cases of depression with the highest polygenic burden, with considerable sex differences. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the biology underlying depression and inform precision medicine approaches to treatment.
Letter
Psychiatry
Trine Munk-Olsen, Arianna Di Florio, Veerle Bergink, Esben Agerbo, Kathrine Bang Madsen, Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen, Xiaoqin Liu
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Line Bager, Esben Agerbo, Niels Skipper, Janne Tidselbak Larsen, Thomas Munk Laursen
Summary: This study aimed to provide an overview of the number and mortality of foreign-born individuals diagnosed with PTSD/EPCACE, a psychotic disorder, or both. The results showed that a diagnosis of trauma-related psychiatric disorders did not appear to increase the mortality rates among refugees, despite their traumatic experiences.
JOURNAL OF MIGRATION AND HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Maya Jammoul, Dareen Jammoul, Kevin K. Wang, Firas Kobeissy, Ralph G. Depalma
Summary: This article reviews the possible mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury (TBI) may stimulate the development of opioid use disorder (OUD) and discusses the interaction between these two processes. CNS damage due to TBI appears to drive adverse effects of subsequent OUD, with pain being a risk factor for opioid use after TBI.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Danusa Mar Arcego, Jan-Paul Buschdorf, Nicholas O'Toole, Zihan Wang, Barbara Barth, Irina Pokhvisneva, Nirmala Arul Rayan, Sachin Patel, Euclides Jose de Mendonca Filho, Patrick Lee, Jennifer Tan, Ming Xuan Koh, Chu Ming Sim, Carine Parent, Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima, Andrew Clappison, Kieran J. O'Donnell, Carla Dalmaz, Janine Arloth, Nadine Provencal, Elisabeth B. Binder, Josie Diorio, Patricia Pelufo Silveira, Michael J. Meaney
Summary: This study investigates the impact of environmental influences on mental health by integrating transcriptomic data from animal models with human data. The results suggest that hippocampal glucocorticoid-related transcriptional activity mediates the effects of early adversity on neural mechanisms implicated in psychiatric disorders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Milenna T. van Dijk, Ardesheer Talati, Pratik Kashyap, Karan Desai, Nora C. Kelsall, Marc J. Gameroff, Natalie Aw, Eyal Abraham, Breda Cullen, Jiook Cha, Christoph Anacker, Myrna M. Weissman, Jonathan Posner
Summary: This study found that maternal stress is associated with future depressive symptoms and alterations in microstructure of the dentate gyrus (DG) in offspring. These results were consistent across two independent cohorts.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Josephine C. McGowan, Liliana R. Ladner, Claire X. Shubeck, Juliana Tapia, Christina T. LaGamma, Amanda Anqueira-Gonzalez, Ariana DeFrancesco, Briana K. Chen, Holly C. Hunsberger, Ezra J. Sydnor, Ryan W. Logan, Tzong-Shiue Yu, Steven G. Kernie, Christine A. Denny
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to fear generalization by altering fear memory traces, and this symptom can be improved with (R,S)-ketamine.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
