Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ana Laffond, Cristina Rivera-Picon, Pedro Manuel Rodriguez-Munoz, Raul Juarez-Vela, Regina Ruiz de Vinaspre-Hernandez, Noelia Navas-Echazarreta, Juan Luis Sanchez-Gonzalez
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and the Mediterranean Diet (MD) may offer protection against them. Higher adherence to the MD is associated with reduced overall mortality and lower risk of CVDs. While gender differences exist, they may be influenced by lower cardiovascular risk profile in women.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isabella Gastaldo, Rosa Casas, Violeta Moize
Summary: This narrative review summarizes the existing research on the clinical impact of a Mediterranean diet before and after bariatric surgery, focusing on its effects on weight loss and improvement in comorbidities. Although the current knowledge is limited, the findings suggest that adopting a Mediterranean diet before and after bariatric surgery is of significant value.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Olivia Patsalos, Johanna Keeler, Ulrike Schmidt, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Allan H. Young, Hubertus Himmerich
Summary: This systematic review found that calorie-restricted diets can reduce depressive symptoms in obese patients, with effect sizes ranging from approximately 0.2 to 0.6. However, the effects of dietary supplements on depression were less clear.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Abolfazl Lari, Mohammad H. Sohouli, Somaye Fatahi, Henrique S. Cerqueira, Heitor O. Santos, Behnaz Pourrajab, Mahshid Rezaei, Solaleh Saneie, Seyedeh T. Rahideh
Summary: The DASH diet is effective in weight loss, controlling blood pressure, and hypercholesterolemia, with significant impacts on certain metabolic risk factors.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Owen R. Cowell, Nathan Mistry, Kevin Deighton, Jamie Matu, Alex Griffiths, Anne Marie Minihane, John C. Mathers, Oliver M. Shannon, Mario Siervo
Summary: The study found that Mediterranean diet intervention can effectively reduce blood pressure and is associated with dietary habits. Randomized controlled trials showed that the Mediterranean diet can reduce mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 1.4 mmHg and 1.5 mmHg, respectively.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giovanna Flore, Antonio Preti, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Andrea Deledda, Michele Fosci, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Andrea Loviselli, Fernanda Velluzzi
Summary: Only 25% of patients succeed in maintaining the result of weight loss for a long time after a low-calorie diet. This systematic review and meta-analysis find that intensive intervention during the maintenance phase may contribute to greater preservation of weight loss achieved during the previous slimming phase, although the difference from the control group is not statistically significant.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Orly Ben-Yacov, Anastasia Godneva, Michal Rein, Smadar Shilo, Dmitry Kolobkov, Netta Koren, Noa Cohen Dolev, Tamara Travinsky Shmul, Bat Chen Wolf, Noa Kosower, Keren Sagiv, Maya Lotan-Pompan, Niv Zmora, Adina Weinberger, Eran Elinav, Eran Segal
Summary: In this clinical trial comparing PPT diet and MED diet in prediabetes patients, the PPT diet was found to significantly improve glycemic control by reducing the daily time with glucose levels >140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) and HbA(1c) levels compared to the MED diet. These results could have implications for dietary advice in clinical practice.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jean Strelitz, Emma R. Lawlor, Yue Wu, Annabel Estlin, Giri Nandakumar, Amy L. Ahern, Simon J. Griffin
Summary: Weight gain is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes, while the effectiveness of behavioral weight loss interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention remains uncertain. Long-term follow-up of intervention studies is necessary to determine the effects on cardiovascular disease and mortality.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elisa Mattavelli, Elena Olmastroni, Manuela Casula, Liliana Grigore, Fabio Pellegatta, Andrea Baragetti, Paolo Magni, Alberico L. Catapano
Summary: Recent epidemiological studies have shown a decrease in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate changes in individual determinants of MedDiet adherence over time. The study reveals an overall decrease in MedDiet adherence, highlighting the need for better dietary interventions.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Rebecca J. Solch, Julia O. Aigbogun, Andrew G. Voyiadjis, Grant M. Talkington, Revonda M. Darensbourg, Keith M. Pickett, Sarah R. Perez, Demetrius M. Maraganore, Samantha O'Connell
Summary: The Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease by modulating the gut microbiota. Existing studies have shown an association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and a lower risk of developing these neurodegenerative diseases, but more research is needed to establish a causal relationship.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joana M. Correia, Ines Santos, Pedro Pezarat-Correia, Analiza M. Silva, Goncalo V. Mendonca
Summary: The study found that non-Ramadan intermittent fasting can effectively reduce body weight, body mass index, and absolute fat mass, while Ramadan intermittent fasting, despite being accompanied by dehydration, can also effectively reduce body weight and relative fat mass. Overall, non-Ramadan intermittent fasting appears to be more effective in improving overall body composition.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jananee Muralidharan, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Monica Bullo, Jesus Vioque Lopez, Dolores Corella, Olga Castaner, Josep Vidal, Alessandro Atzeni, Jose Carlos Fernandez-Garcia, Laura Torres-Collado, Rebeca Fernandez-Carrion, Monsterrat Fito, Romina Olbeyra, Ana Maria Gomez-Perez, Serena Galie, Maria Rosa Bernal-Lopez, Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Francisco Jose Tinahones
Summary: The study investigated the impact of an intensive lifestyle weight loss intervention on gut microbiota, with results showing that an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and physical activity can lead to weight loss, improvements in metabolic syndrome-related markers, and modulation of gut microbiota.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah Gregory, Hannah Pullen, Craig W. Ritchie, Oliver M. Shannon, Emma J. Stevenson, Graciela Muniz-Terrera
Summary: This systematic review evaluated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and hippocampal volume and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). The results showed a link between the MedDiet and better cognitive performance, lower incidence of dementia, and lower Alzheimer's disease biomarker burden. However, the evidence on the association between the MedDiet and hippocampal volume or WMHV is still inconclusive.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena Grao-Cruces, Lourdes M. Varela, Maria E. Martin, Beatriz Bermudez, Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
Summary: The Mediterranean diet has favorable effects on HDL functionality, improving HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and decreasing HDL oxidation. Additionally, the diet influences HDL composition and size, making it a protective factor against cardiovascular disease by improving HDL quality and preventing HDL dysfunctionality.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Catalina M. Mascaro, Cristina Bouzas, Josep A. Tur
Summary: This systematic review assesses the effect of Mediterranean lifestyle on the prevention and reversal of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The findings indicate that following a Mediterranean diet and engaging in regular physical activity is associated with improved clinical parameters and NAFLD/MetS. Therefore, adopting a Mediterranean lifestyle is an effective approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vanessa C. Brunetti, Oriana Hoi Yun Yu, Robert W. Platt, Kristian B. Filion
Summary: This study compares the risk of cardiovascular outcomes associated with long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and finds that current use of long-acting insulin analogues is associated with a modestly reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to NPH insulin.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ugochinyere Vivian Ukah, Wusiman Aibibula, Robert W. Platt, Natalie Dayan, Pauline Reynier, Kristian B. Filion
Summary: Through a systematic review, we found that time-related biases occur frequently in observational studies of drug effects during pregnancy, with the majority being immortal time bias. Studies with time-related biases were more likely to show protective or null associations. The use of appropriate study design and analytical approaches is critical for preventing time-related biases and ensuring study validity.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shahrzad Salmasi, Oriana H. Y. Yu, Kristian B. Filion
TRENDS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jenny Dimakos, Ying Cui, Robert W. Platt, Christel Renoux, Kristian B. Filion, Antonios Douros
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nehal Islam, Pauline Reynier, Antonios Douros, Oriana H. Y. Yu, Kristian B. Filion
Summary: By analyzing data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum, it was found that sulphonylurea monotherapy is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia compared to metformin monotherapy when initiating pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the increased risk should be taken into consideration when prescribing sulphonylureas as an initial treatment for type 2 diabetes.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Han Eol Jeong, Hyesung Lee, Oh In -Sun, Kristian B. Filion, Ju-Young Shin
Summary: The impact of immeasurable time bias (IMTB) was examined in self-controlled designs using Korea's healthcare database. The study found that IMTB had negligible impacts on the drug's effect on acute events, but negatively biased the drug's effect on mortality.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stephanie Aloe, Christopher Filliter, Shahrzad Salmasi, Samuel Igweokpala, Oriana H. Y. Yu, Vicky Tagalakis, Kristian B. Filion
Summary: A retrospective cohort study found that the use of SGLT2 inhibitors is not associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism compared to DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jenny Dimakos, Ying Cui, Robert W. Platt, Christel Renoux, Kristian B. Filion, Antonios Douros
Summary: This population-based study aimed to investigate the interaction between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and sulfonylureas in relation to the risk of hypoglycemia. The study found that the pharmacologic heterogeneity of sulfonylureas (long- vs. short-acting) and DPP-4i (peptidomimetic vs. non-peptidomimetic) did not modify this interaction. Therefore, these factors do not affect the risk of hypoglycemia.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stephanie Larose, Christopher Filliter, Robert W. Platt, Oriana H. Y. Yu, Kristian B. Filion
Summary: To investigate the association between the use of long-acting insulin analogues and the increased risk of incident diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes, a retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted. The results showed that there was no association between long-acting insulin analogues and the risk of incident DR compared to NPH insulin. This finding provides important reassurance regarding the safety of long-acting insulin analogues with respect to incident DR.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ya-Hui Yu, Robert W. Platt, Pauline Reynier, Oriana H. Y. Yu, Kristian B. Filion
Summary: This study explored the prescription patterns of antidiabetic drugs during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) over the past 20 years in the UK. It found a significant increase in the use of metformin, which became the most commonly prescribed medication for GDM. This trend, consistent with other regions, highlights the need for further research on the effectiveness and safety of antidiabetic drug use during pregnancy.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
In-Sun Oh, Han Eol Jeong, Hyesung Lee, Kristian B. Filion, Yunha Noh, Ju-Young Shin
Summary: Using Monte Carlo simulation, we found that adjusting for time-varying hospitalization factors can effectively reduce the immeasurable time bias caused by the lack of in-hospital medication information.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Henok Tadesse Ayele, Pauline Reynier, Laurent Azoulay, Robert W. Platt, Serge Benayoun, Kristian B. Filion
Summary: This study aimed to compare the rate of hospitalization for heart failure between men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) prescribed with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5aRIs) and men with BPH not prescribed with BPH medications. The results showed that the use of 5aRIs was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sonia M. Grandi, Ya-Hui Yu, Pauline Reynier, Robert W. Platt, Oriana H. Y. Yu, Kristian B. Filion
Summary: This study emulated a target trial to estimate the effect of initiating levothyroxine on pregnancy loss among pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism. The findings suggest that initiating levothyroxine may be associated with a lower risk of pregnancy loss.
PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Celine Prell, Andrea Hebert-Losier, Kristian B. Filion, Pauline Reynier, Mark J. Eisenberg
Summary: This study aimed to determine the ECO threshold for biochemical validation of smoking status. The analysis found that the highest agreement between biochemical validation and self-report was observed at a threshold of 6 ppm, suggesting that future smoking cessation trials should analyze and report the impact of varying ECO thresholds on trial results.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Samuel Igweokpala, Naheemot Olaoluwa Sule, Antonios Douros, Oriana H. Y. Yu, Kristian B. Filion
Summary: The use of incretin-based drugs is not associated with the risk of diabetic retinopathy among individuals with type 2 diabetes, according to the synthesis of available evidence from observational studies.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)