Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luz Marina Sanchez-Mendoza, Carlos Perez-Sanchez, Sandra Rodriguez-Lopez, Chary Lopez-Pedrera, Miguel Calvo-Rubio, Rafael de Cabo, Maria I. Buron, Jose A. Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose M. Villalba
Summary: The study investigates the effect of sex on metabolic adaptations induced by overexpression of CYB5R3 and the modulation of key markers related to mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. It was found that CYB5R3 overexpression leads to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and function, as well as increased mitochondrial abundance in skeletal muscle. These beneficial actions are predominantly observed in females, with differences in NADH levels and the abundance of cytochrome c and DRP-1. The results also show ultrastructural changes in transgenic females, including an increase in the number and size of mitochondria.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marco Hirnstein, Markus Hausmann
Summary: This commentary rejects the extreme 'sexual dimorphism' concept and emphasizes the importance of sex/gender differences in the brain, highlighting that even small effects can have meaningful behavioral consequences. It suggests that non-binary sex/gender-related factors may better explain individual differences and play important roles in the etiology of mental and neurodevelopmental disorders. The conclusion underscores the significance of the biopsychosocial approach in understanding sex/gender differences in the brain.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emily C. Moore, Patrick J. Ciccotto, Erin N. Peterson, Melissa S. Lamm, R. Craig Albertson, Reade B. Roberts
Summary: For many vertebrates, a single genetic locus initiates a cascade of developmental sex differences, resulting in adults with two phenotypically distinct sexes. However, species with polygenic sex determination have multiple interacting sex determination alleles, allowing for more than two genotypic sexes. In the cichlid fish Metriaclima mbenjii, polygenic sex determination produces modular variation in morphological and behavioral traits, and the evolution or introgression of a newly acquired sex determiner creates additional axes of phenotypic variation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Biology
Nicolas Perrin
Summary: Studies on two families of amphibians, Ranidae and Hylidae, show that sex-antagonistic (SA) genes do not play a significant role in the evolutionary dynamics of their sex chromosomes. Instead, neutral processes and deleterious mutations are found to be more central in driving the evolution of sex chromosomes in these groups.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joseph A. Pinto, Jhajaira M. Araujo, Henry L. Gomez
Summary: The composition of the tumor microenvironment is influenced by the interaction between tumoral and host factors, with sex differences mainly regulated by sex hormones affecting tumor-host interaction and immune system sexual dimorphism. Sex-specific differences exist in cancer susceptibility, treatment response, and the importance of sex as a biomarker in cancer therapy has recently gained attention due to varying results in immunotherapy treatment.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Xinhua Fu, Lesley Ballantyne
Summary: This study investigates the process of sperm transfer and reception in fireflies during mating, as well as the reproductive anatomy of females. The research reveals that different firefly species have distinct reproductive traits, highlighting the significance of studying mating behavior and reproductive ecology in fireflies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thea F. Rogers, Daniela H. Palmer, Alison E. Wright
Summary: Research shows that sex-specific patterns of splicing are correlated with phenotypic sex differences and may offer an important route to sex-specific adaptation. Understanding the role of gene regulation in males and females is crucial for the evolution of phenotypic sexual dimorphism.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alex Junker, Jennifer Wang, Gilles Gouspillou, Johannes K. Ehinger, Eskil Elmer, Fredrik Sjovall, Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman, P. Darrell Neufer, Anthony J. A. Molina, Luigi Ferrucci, Martin Picard
Summary: This meta-analysis examined the biological differences in mitochondria between women and men and found that only a few measures exhibit binary sex differences. The sex differences showed weak or no correlation with age and body mass index. This suggests that there is a wide variability of findings in the literature concerning possible binary sex differences in mitochondrial biology.
Article
Ecology
Patrice Pottier, Samantha Burke, Szymon M. Drobniak, Malgorzata Lagisz, Shinichi Nakagawa
Summary: The study found that in wild animals, females had a greater heat tolerance plasticity than males, and females also had a greater cold tolerance plasticity in terrestrial habitats. However, the strength and direction of this sexual dimorphism was associated with the duration of acclimation. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between body mass and plasticity, and the capacity for each sex to adjust their thermal tolerance and preference was found to be limited.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Abraham Sanchez-Cruz, Daniel Tapia-Maruri, Alfredo Jimenez-Perez
Summary: This study focuses on the reproductive system, gonadic maturation, and allometry of Cyclocephala barrerai. The results show that females are heavier while males have longer antennae. Gonadic maturation depends on larvae reserves and adults do not feed. This research provides important insights into the biology of this species.
Article
Biology
David Elkind, Hannah Hochgerner, Etay Aloni, Noam Shental, Amit Zeisel, Tali Kimchi
Summary: Researchers used the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity project's images to systematically characterize cell density and volume in the mouse brain. They discovered that overall brain volume does not uniformly expand across all regions and that region-specific density changes are often negatively correlated with region volume. They also found that cell count does not scale linearly with volume.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Floris Chabrun, Xavier Dieu, Pascale May-Panloup, Stephanie Chupin, Jennifer Bourreau, Daniel Henrion, Franck Letournel, Vincent Procaccio, Dominique Bonneau, Guy Lenaers, Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier, Juan Manuel Chao de la Barca, Pascal Reynier
Summary: The study found that gonads are the main contributors to the sexual dimorphism in the mouse brain metabolome, especially in females.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Jaakko O. S. Soininen, Kytoeviita Minna-Maarit
Summary: Sexual dimorphism refers to the different morphologies expressed between sexes of a species. In this study, we observed the pollination behavior of hermaphrodite and female flowers in a gynodioecious plant species and found that female flowers were more likely to receive pollen from multiple pollinator groups. This suggests that floral size dimorphism may increase the reproductive functions of females and hermaphrodites and potentially drive the population towards dioecy.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Crystal M. Vincent, Marc S. Dionne
Summary: Male and female animals show differences in infection outcomes, with potential sources of sexually dimorphic immunity being the sex-specific costs of immune activity or pathology. This study found that males and females exhibit differential immune activity but similar bacteria-derived metabolic pathology, with females having a female-specific immune-inducible expression of PGRP-LB which plays a critical role in reducing immune activity in response to bacterial reductions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yin Wu, Ran Wei, Yu Nan, Yang Hu, Yuting Ye
Summary: This study investigates the effects of androstadienone, a potential human sex pheromone, on aggression. The results show that smelling androstadienone reduces both reactive and proactive aggression in men, but increases reactive aggression in women.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sandra Varga
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2015)
Article
Soil Science
Sandra Varga
APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Plant Sciences
S. Varga, R. Vega-Frutis, M. -M. Kytoviita
Article
Ecology
Sandra Varga, Minna-Maarit Kytoviita
Article
Plant Sciences
Jelmer A. Elzinga, Sandra Varga
Article
Plant Sciences
S. Varga, M. -M. Kytoviita
Article
Plant Sciences
Sandra Varga, Minna-Maarit Kytoviita
Article
Plant Sciences
S. Varga, C. D. Soulsbury
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandra Varga, Carl D. Soulsbury
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2017)
Article
Plant Sciences
S. Varga, C. D. Soulsbury
Article
Plant Sciences
S. Varga
Summary: In gynodioecious systems, female plants were found to have significant advantages in seed number and seed germination, which may contribute to the maintenance of female plants within gynodioecious populations.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sandra Varga, Carl D. Soulsbury, Elizabeth A. John
Summary: This article presents information on the biology of Knautia arvensis, including its distribution, habitat, reproduction, and pollination. Knautia arvensis is a perennial plant with a wide distribution and notable hybridization ability. Despite declining in natural habitats in England, it is extensively used in restoration schemes to provide nectar for pollinators.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Nathan A. Harris, Sandra Varga
Summary: Plants have developed strategies to maximize resource uptake in response to soil heterogeneity. In a study on Glechoma hederacea, it was found that gender impacts competitive abilities under different soil nutrient distributions, influencing biomass accumulation and allocation. The results suggest that soil nutrient distribution affects the competitive abilities of plants in a gender-specific manner.
Article
Biology
Sandra Varga, Carl D. Soulsbury