Review
Cell Biology
Julia N. Khantakova, Anastasia Mutovina, Kseniya A. Ayriyants, Natalia P. Bondar
Summary: Depression is a severe mental disorder that is influenced by steroid resistance and Th17 lymphocytes, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
Review
Immunology
Simona Ronchetti, Emira Ayroldi, Erika Ricci, Marco Gentili, Graziella Migliorati, Carlo Riccardi
Summary: Glucocorticoids have been commonly used in treating autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, but their long-term use can result in adverse effects. Efforts have been focused on finding alternative drugs with similar efficacy but fewer side effects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicolas C. Nicolaides, Evangelia Charmandari
Summary: Glucocorticoids play a crucial role in restoring homeostasis in response to stress. Inappropriate glucocorticoid signaling can lead to pathological conditions, emphasizing the importance of understanding these rare endocrinologic diseases and improving therapeutic management through advancements in structural, molecular, and cellular biology, as well as biotechnology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Huan Dai, Rongying Zheng, Like Wang, Jinyi Wan, Yu Tong, Wei Zhao, Weixi Zhang
Summary: The study demonstrates that ICS/LABA and SCIT therapies can significantly improve the Th17/Treg imbalance in asthma patients, reducing the percentage of Th17 cells and serum IL-17A levels, while increasing the proportion of Treg cells. These findings suggest new approaches for treating asthma.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patricia Ramos-Ramirez, Omar Tliba
Summary: Severe asthma patients may have poor response to inhaled glucocorticoid therapy, known as glucocorticoid insensitivity, which poses a challenge in asthma management. Airway smooth muscle cells, a target of glucocorticoid therapy in asthma, play a crucial role in bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and remodeling associated with asthma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Natalia Weare-Regales, Stephanie N. Hudey, Richard F. Lockey
Summary: Osteoporosis is a serious condition with dire consequences, especially in individuals using glucocorticoids longterm. Management strategies for prevention and treatment are tailored to different age groups, emphasizing the importance of peak bone mass attainment and fracture risk assessment in adults. Additional expertise is recommended for complicated cases.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gaetano Caramori, Francesco Nucera, Sharon Mumby, Federica Lo Bello, Ian M. Adcock
Summary: Inhaled glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat asthma patients. They prevent the activation of immune and inflammatory cells in the lungs and have significant effects on airway structure. However, some patients show poor asthma control even with high doses of GCs, which may be due to GC resistance.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberto Buonaiuto, Giuseppe Neola, Sabrina Chiara Cecere, Aldo Caltavituro, Amedeo Cefaliello, Erica Pietroluongo, Pietro De Placido, Mario Giuliano, Grazia Arpino, Carmine De Angelis
Summary: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies worldwide. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays a critical role in ovarian cancer and may impact treatment response. Low levels of glucocorticoids can suppress ovarian cancer growth and metastasis, while high GR expression is associated with poor prognosis and outcomes. GR activation also impairs the effectiveness of chemotherapy. This review summarizes the function and role of GR in ovarian cancer and explores its potential as a prognostic and predictive biomarker. It also discusses the interplay between GR and BRCA expression and reviews new therapeutic strategies to enhance chemotherapy sensitivity.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhiwen Liu, Huihui Chen, Chongqing Tan, Jie Zha, Hong Liu, Guochun Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of long-term glucocorticoid (GC) exposure on circulating T cells in patients with primary glomerular diseases. The results showed that GCs altered the composition and correlation of circulating leukocytes and lymphocytes, as well as the subsets of CD4 + T cells. Long-term GC exposure exacerbated apoptosis of CD4 + T cells and cytokine storm during sepsis, which was mechanistically linked to the increase of CD3 + TIM3 + T cells. CD3 + TIM3 + T cells expressed high levels of multiple cytokine genes during infections and engagement of anti-TIM3 treatment enhanced the inflammatory activity of CD3 + T cells.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Lee-Maine L. Spies, Nicolette J. D. Verhoog, Ann Louw
Summary: Glucocorticoids have been used for over 70 years to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases due to their anti-inflammatory properties mediated by the receptor GRα. However, chronic use can lead to acquired GC resistance through ligand-mediated downregulation of GRα. Recent studies suggest that the dimerization status of GRα is correlated with this downregulation, impacting the maintenance of the functional pool and receptor conformation.
Review
Allergy
Yan Xie, Peter W. Abel, Thomas B. Casale, Yaping Tu
Summary: Asthma can be classified into T2 and non-T2 types, with non-T2 asthma being more severe and often unresponsive to treatment. Recent studies suggest that non-T2 asthma is associated with T(H)17 cell immune responses, which may contribute to corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lee-Maine L. Spies, Nicolette J. D. Verhoog, Ann Louw
Summary: This study investigates the conformational-dependent regulation of glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GR alpha), and found that promoting receptor dimerization increases its downregulation. The main mechanisms involved are proteasomal degradation of the receptor protein and downregulation of mRNA transcripts. Conversely, when receptor dimerization is restricted, stabilization of GR alpha protein by non-coding RNAs may play a major regulatory role.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Cacheiro-Llaguno, Elena Hernandez-Subira, Manuel D. Diaz-Munoz, Manuel Fresno, Juan M. Serrador, Miguel A. Iniguez
Summary: This research investigates the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on COX-2 transcriptional induction during T cell activation, revealing the immunomodulatory properties of glucocorticoids in human T cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicolas C. Nicolaides, Manousos Makridakis, Rafael Stroggilos, Vasiliki Lygirou, Eleni Koniari, Ifigeneia Papageorgiou, Amalia Sertedaki, Jerome Zoidakis, Evangelia Charmandari
Summary: Significant inter-individual variation in susceptibility to stress-related disorders has been observed among healthy subjects. This study used proteomics analysis to identify molecular differences between glucocorticoid resistant and glucocorticoid sensitive subjects, and found that certain plasma proteins may play a role in chronic stress-related diseases. These findings have clinical implications and provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of these diseases.
Review
Immunology
Jonas Bystrom, Taher E. Taher, Sian M. Henson, David J. Gould, Rizgar A. Mageed
Summary: This review examines the changing metabolic requirements of Th17 cells and B cells at different stages of their development and activation, and discusses their association with diseases. The study of immune cell metabolism can reveal novel therapeutic targets for treating diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
